Porth Dinllaen i Borth Pistyll

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 52.9438, -4.5381

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Also within

Gwynedd County LLYN Scenic Area

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Habitats

Bracken scrub, Mixed scrub, Montane scrub, Salt marsh, Sand dune

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Rock Outcrop · Mining / Industrial: Quarry · Geological Period: Ordovician, Precambrian

Landscape processes: Coastal, Volcanic / Igneous

Description

Description Porth Dinllaen i Borth Pistyll is designated for its geological, botanical, entomological and marine biological interest. It is situated near Nefyn, on the north coast of Pen Llŷn and stretches for 9 km from Borth Wen, in the west, to Penrhyn Glas, in the east. The foreshore section at Penrhyn Nefyn provides accessible exposures through the Precambrian Mona Complex, while the headland at Penrhyn Bodeilas provides excellent exposures of a sub-volcanic intrusion from the late Ordovician era. Habitats present are Atlantic vegetated sea cliffs, sheltered and exposed rocky shore, and sheltered sandy shore. Associated with the diverse geology of the cliffs are a range of plant communities including maritime heathland, maritime grassland, scrub, sand dune and perched saltmarsh, as well as a diverse intertidal seaweed community and eelgrass Zostera marina bed. Special features also include the weevil Sitona gemellatus and golden hair lichen Teloschistes flavicans. Geology: The foreshore section at Penrhyn Nefyn is the only known locality in the Precambrian Mona Complex of North Wales where the stratigraphical and structural relationships between the Sarn Complex, Pen Llŷn Shear Zone and Gwna Group are preserved; in addition it is the only locality on mainland Wales from which blue amphibole-bearing rocks have been described. Several authors have examined the section and each has introduced a different interpretation. With the recent flurry of renewed interest in North Wales geology, Penrhyn Nefyn has become one of the most crucial sections in the Monian. Specifically, the recognition that the shear-zone lithologies are mylonites has undermined a long-held belief in Shackleton’s ‘prograde metamorphic transition’ hypothesis and proved that the Pen Llŷn Shear Zone is younger than the Sarn Complex. Also, the discovery of high-pressure/low-temperature, amphibole-bearing mineral assemblages in the Gwna Group has severely weakened the recent claim that parts of the Gwna Group lie unconformably upon other members of the Monian Supergroup. Finally, recent radiometric dating of the Sarn Complex tonalite has indicated a late Precambrian age for these rocks. These and other data suggest that the juxtaposition of the Sarn Complex and Gwna Group along the Pen Llŷn Shear Zone took place between latest Precambrian and earliest Ordovician times. Penrhyn Bodeilas is of special scientific interest because it represents a fine, well-exposed example of a high-level, sub-volcanic intrusion which is related to the second of four phases of magmatic activity that occurred on Llŷn during mid-Caradoc (late Ordovician) times. The intrusion is of particular interest owing to the presence of an abundant, compositionally variable, suite of co-magmatic enclaves (xenoliths), and a well-developed swarm of steeply inclined, cross-cutting, aplite dykes. The rock cliffs at Penrhyn Bodeilas have been quarried in the past; but there has been no active quarrying for a number of years. The Llŷn Volcanic Complex, of Caradoc age, consists of predominantly silicic volcanic rocks and genetically related sub-volcanic granitoid intrusions. The rocks can be subdivided, on the basis of their geochemistry, into subalkaline and peralkaline types, the latter being especially significant as they indicate magma generation in a tensional tectonic setting. The Penrhyn Bodeilas intrusion is a coarse-grained tonalite which is notable for the abundance of rounded xenoliths. Geochemical studies indicate that the xenoliths are cognate in origin. Although the overall composition of the intrusion is subalkaline, the presence of minor amounts of alkali amphibole indicates a partially peralkaline character. Biology: The varied geology and different soil types result in a diverse assemblage of plant communities. The west coast of Trwyn Porth Dinllaen consists of hard rock cliff sequences with rock crevice communities, including rock samphire Crithmum maritimum and rock sea-spurrey Spergularia rupicola and also maritime grassland vegetation containing red fescue Festuca rubra, thrift Armeria maritima, and spring squill Scilla verna, grading to relicts of maritime heath. This sequence is particularly well-developed at the northern end of the headland. Unusual perched saltmarsh vegetation occurs at the base of the soft cliff at Borth Wen to the west of the headland, including red fescue, sea plantain Plantago maritima and sea rush Juncus maritimus. The sheltered eastern side of the headland, in contrast, supports mainly scrub communities. An example of this is the bracken/bramble Pteridium aquilinum/Rubus fruticosus scrub, in which common reed Phragmites australis features prominently with hemp agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum and great horsetail Equisetum telmateia. In some places, the common reed forms almost pure stands that often grade into more typical coastal scrub. Coarse grasslands containing common nettle Urtica dioica and false oat grass, Arrhenatherum elatius are also found at the west end of the bay. The soft cliffs at Porth Dinllaen are less stable and support mosaics of maritime grassland, sand dune and scrub plant communities, the pattern of distribution depending on the rate of natural erosion. Erosion is more active at the eastern end of the bay, especially at Cerrig Gleison, where an area of landslip supports rosebay willowherb Epilobium angustifolium grading into coltsfoot Tussilago farfara and creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera. A similar plant assemblage is found at Porth Nefyn and Porth Pistyll, where there are also a large number of small areas of flushed vegetation around springs which originate on the cliff faces. This part of the site also supports relatively large stands of great horsetail. The rare golden hair lichen Teloschistes flavicans is present at the northern end of the headland around Trwyn Porth Dinllaen. Porth Nefyn and Porth Pistyll support a number of locally uncommon species, including the knotted pearlwort Sagina nodosa, mosses Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Dicranella varia, and Gymnostomum aeruginosum and the liverwort Leiocolea turbinata. Entomologically, the soft cliffs with springs and flushes provide ideal habitat for a range of specialist wetland insect species. The cliffs on the east side of Trwyn Porth Dinllaen, around the bay of Porth Dinllaen and at Porth Pistyll are important for a number of species including the nationally endangered weevil Sitona gemellatus, occurring here at its only known locality in Wales and one of only two known localities in Britain, and the nationally scarce soldier fly Oxycera morrisii. Porth Dinllaen has some of the most diverse intertidal habitats on Llŷn. Trwyn Porth Dinllaen and Borth Wen exhibit rocky shore habitats ranging from very exposed to very sheltered, the latter being very rare on Llŷn. The large rock pools at Borth Wen support a high diversity of seaweeds and are the best examples of this habitat type on Llŷn, species present include, Bonnemaisonia asparagoides, Halurus equisetifolius and Callophyllis laciniata. The burrowing anemone Cereus pedunculatus is also found here. This site supports very good examples of under boulder communities, poorly represented elsewhere on Llŷn. These include a wide range of encrusting bryozoans, sponges and sea squirts. Important beds of eelgrass, Zostera marina, a marine flowering plant, are present on the western side of Porth Dinllaen. Elsewhere in the bay diverse and abundant seaweed populations are associated with the reef, rocks and sand covered shore. These include large specimens of the seaweeds Gracilaria longissima and Cystoseira baccata growing at the northern limit of its range. Areas of bedrock on Trwyn Porth Dinllaen display clear zonation with a wide grey and yellow lichen zone, including sea ivory Ramalina sp., Caloplaca sp. and Xanthorion parietinae, below which there is also a wide band of the black tar lichen Verrucaria maura. Species-rich rockpool communities with encrusting coralline seaweed and the red seaweed Corallina officinalis are found on the headland. Other rock pool types, dominated either by green seaweeds or by fucoids and kelp, are also found on the rocky coast here. Upper shore seaweeds, spiral wrack Fucus spiralis and channel wrack Pelvetia canaliculata are very common on upper shore bedrock in this area. Below on the mid-shore, these seaweeds, the barnacles Semibalanus balanoides and Chthamalus montagui form a distinct band, which is sparsely covered by the bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus. Serrated wrack Fucus serratus covers bedrock on the lower shore, overlying red seaweeds such as dulse Palmaria palmata, Mastocarpus stellatus and Lomentaria articulata. The lower shore/sublittoral fringe is dominated by oarweed Laminaria digitata, and overlies red seaweed. Small sandy bays around the lifeboat slip to the north of Trwyn Porth Dinllaen contain coarse mobile sands. South of these sandy bays an area of boulders has the same zonation as the bedrock; but a patch of sand between the boulders is colonised by eelgrass Zostera marina. The sediment in this area is much finer and more stable than the other sandy bays. Mermaids tresses Chorda filum is common here and large flat worms are present. South of Trwyn Llwyd at the base of the Trwyn Porth Dinllaen, the site is mostly sand, with a large area dominated by a thick growth of eelgrass. Blow lug worm Arenicola marina and sand mason worm Lanice conchilega are both very common, with the peacock worm Sabella pavonina found occasionally. Snakelock anemone Anemonia viridis is often attached to the base of the eelgrass stalks. South of the eelgrass bed, the sand mason worm, blow lug and the ragworm Hediste diversicolor dominate the fine sediments. South east of the eelgrass bed the sediment is again colonised by abundant blow lug, with the bivalves, baltic tellin Macoma balthica, thin tellin Angulus tenuis, and razor shell Ensis siliqua. Sand mason worms are common from the lower to mid shore. From mid-shore to the upper shore, the coarse sand is colonised by the amphipods Bathyporeia sp. and Haustorius arenarius with the isopod Eurydice pulchra. The rocky outcrop at Penrhyn Nefyn is colonised by a similar array of species as found on Trwyn Porth Dinllaen. The black tar lichen forms a wide band, below which are channel wrack and spiral wrack. Bladder wrack with barnacles lies below the spiral wrack zone. Serrated wrack overlies red seaweeds such as dulse, pepper dulse Osmundea pinnatifida, Corallina officinalis and Ceramium sp. is found on the lower shore. Oarweed is found in the sublittoral fringe. Remarks: 1. Parts of this site support vegetation assignable to ‘Vegetated Sea Cliffs of the Atlantic and Baltic coasts’, a habitat listed on Annex 1 of the EC Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and Wild Flora and Fauna) and have been included within the Clogwyni Pen Llŷn / Sea cliffs of Lleyn Peninsula Special Area of Conservation (SAC). 2. Under the EC Habitats Directive, the rock pools present in the intertidal section of this site qualify the site as the feature of reefs (biogenic) and this part of the site has been included within the Pen Llŷn a’r Sarnau / Lleyn Peninsula and the Sarnau SAC. 3. The site is within the Lleyn Peninsula, Heritage Coast and Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. 4. The lichen Teloschistes flavicans is listed on schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). 5. The weevil Sitona gemellatus is listed as endangered (Category 1) in the Red Data Book. 6. Sea-grass beds are a Biodiversity Action Plan habitat and are listed in Annex 1 of the EC Habitats Directive. 7. This site supports the Biodiversity Action Plan species song thrush and skylark. 8. The National Trust has covenants over the land occupied by the Nefyn Golf Course.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
mermaid's tresses Chorda filum Not listed in GB list algae brown chordaceae
bushy berry wrack Cystoseira baccata Not listed in GB list algae brown cystoseiraceae
serrated wrack Fucus serratus Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
spiraled wrack Fucus spiralis Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
oar weed Laminaria digitata Not listed in GB list algae brown laminariaceae
channel wrack Pelvetia canaliculata Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
no common name Bonnemaisonia asparagoides Not listed in GB list algae red bonnemaisoniaceae
beautiful fan weed Callophyllis laciniata Not listed in GB list algae red kallymeniaceae
common coral weed Corallina officinalis Not listed in GB list algae red corallinaceae
sea horsetail Halurus equisetifolius Not listed in GB list algae red ceramiaceae
bunny-eared bead weed Lomentaria articulata Not listed in GB list algae red lomentariaceae
grape pip weed Mastocarpus stellatus Not listed in GB list algae red phyllophoraceae
pepper dulse Osmundea pinnatifida Not listed in GB list algae red rhodomelaceae
dulse Palmaria palmata Not listed in GB list algae red palmariaceae
amphipod Bathyporeia Not listed in GB list amphipod bathyporeiidae
snakelocks anemone Anemonia viridis Not listed in GB list anemone actiniidae
daisy anemone Cereus pedunculatus Not listed in GB list anemone sagartiidae
sand mason worm Lanice conchilega Not listed in GB list annelid terebellidae
peacock sand mason worm Sabella pavonina Not listed in GB list annelid sabellidae
acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides Not listed in GB list barnacle archaeobalanidae
cliff dwelling beetle Sitona gemellatus Not listed in GB list beetle weevil curculionidae
skylark Alauda arvensis VU (Breeding) bird-lark alaudidae
song thrush Turdus philomelos NT (Breeding) bird-thrush turdidae
thin tellin Angulus tenuis Not listed in GB list bivalve tellinidae
bivalve Macoma balthica Not listed in GB list bivalve tellinidae
Chthamalus montagui Not listed in GB list crustacean chthamalidae
bracken Pteridium aquilinum LC fern dennstaedtiaceae
creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera LC grass poaceae
false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
common reed Phragmites australis LC grass poaceae
thrift Armeria maritima CR herb plumbaginaceae
rock samphire Crithmum maritimum LC herb apiaceae
great horsetail Equisetum telmateia LC herb equisetaceae
hemp agrimony Eupatorium cannabinum LC herb asteraceae
sea plantain Plantago maritima LC herb plantaginaceae
bramble Rubus fruticosus LC herb rosaceae
knotted pearlwort Sagina nodosa VU herb carophyllaceae
spring squill Scilla verna LC herb liliaceae
rock spurrey Spergularia rupicola LC herb carophyllaceae
colts-foot Tussilago farfara LC herb asteraceae
nettle Urtica dioica LC herb urticaceae
eelgrass Zostera marina VU herb zosteraceae
powdered orange bush lichen Teloschistes flavicans VU lichen no common name
sea tar Verrucaria maura Not listed in GB list lichen no common name
no common name Xanthorion parietinae Not listed in GB list lichen no common name
top notchwort Leiocolea turbinata Not listed in GB list liverwort jungermanniales
bivalve Ensis siliqua Not listed in GB list mollusc pharidae
marsh bryum Bryum pseudotriquetrum LC moss bryales
variable forklet moss Dicranella varia LC moss dicranales
verdigris tufa moss Gymnostomum aeruginosum LC moss pottiales
red algae Gracilaria longissima Not listed in GB list plant gracilariaceae
blow lugworm Arenicola marina Not listed in GB list polychaete arenicolidae
estuary ragworms Hediste diversicolor Not listed in GB list polychaete nereididae
sea rush Juncus maritimus LC rush juncaceae
speckled sea louse Eurydice pulchra Not listed in GB list sea louse cirolanidae
gammarid Haustorius arenarius Not listed in GB list shrimp haustoriidae

Plant communities

SD1 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Rumex crispus-Glaucium flavum shingle community

Solanum dulcamara, Crithmum maritimum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Helminthotheca echioides, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon saxatilis, Senecio viscosus, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Crambe maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Lathyrus japonicus, Geranium robertianum, Glaucium flavum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne

SD2 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Honkenya peploides-Cakile maritima strandline community

Salsola kali, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex littoralis, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SD3 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Matricaria maritima-Galium aparine strandline community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Ligusticum scoticum, Matricaria discoidea, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Mertensia maritima, Cakile maritima, Cochlearia officinalis, Honckenya peploides, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SD4 — Sand dune

Elymus farctus ssp. boreali-atlanticus foredune community

Salsola kali, Artemisia maritima, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Matricaria chamomilla, Senecio squalidus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex prostrata, Euphorbia paralias, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius

SD5 — Sand dune

Leymus arenarius mobile dune community

Bryum algovicum, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Cakile maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex prostrata, Chamerion angustifolium, Rumex crispus, Galium aparine, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa pratensis

SD6 — Sand dune

Ammophila arenaria mobile dune community

Lupinus arboreus, Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium albicans, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio squalidus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cynoglossum officinale, Cakile maritima, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Calystegia soldanellla, Euphorbia paralias, Euphorbia portlandica, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium repens, Eriodium cicutarium, Chamerion angustifolium, Linaria vulgaris, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus repens, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

SD7 — Sand dune

Ammophila arenaria-Festuca rubra semi-fixed dune community

Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Bryum argenteum, Bryum capillare, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Tortella flavovirens, Lophocolea bidentata, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiformis, Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Tussilago farfara, Myosotis ramosissima, Erophila verna, Campanula rotundifolia, Valerianella locusta, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Calystegia soldanellla, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium repens, Vicia lathyroides, Vicia sativa, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Chamerion angustifolium, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Acaena novae-zelandiae, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Viola canina, Viola riviniana, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Phleum arenarium, Poa pratensis

SD8 — Machair sand dune, Sand dune

Festuca rubra-Galium verum fixed dune grassland

Salix repens, Rosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Brachythecium albicans, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Lophocolea bidentata, Cladonia rangiformis, Odontites verna, Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, Angelica sylvestris, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis arvensis, Myosotis ramosissima, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium arvense, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Sedum acre, Equisetum arvense, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Ononis repens, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia lathyroides, Gentianella amarella, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Neottia ovata, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum minus, Potentilla anserina, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pubescens, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Trisetum flavescens

SD9 — Sand dune

Ammophila arenaria-Arrhenatherum elatius dune grassland

Rosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Heracleum sphondylium, Pimpinella saxifraga, Torilis japonica, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis arvensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Silene latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Astragalus danicus, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia sativa, Geranium sanguineum, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Cruciata laevipes, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Pteridium aquilinum

SD10 — Sand dune

Carex arenaria dune community

Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Achillea millefolium, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio vulgaris, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Astragalus danicus, Chamerion angustifolium, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla anserina, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha

SD11 — Sand dune

Carex arenaria-Cornicularia aculeata dune community

Calluna vulgaris, Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Brachythecium albicans, Hypnum cupressiforme, Rhytidium rugosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia rangiformis, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Logfia minima, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Campanula rotundifolia, Sedum acre, Astragalus danicus, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosella, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola canina, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Corynephorus canescens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Phleum arenarium

SD12 — Sand dune

Carex arenaria-Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris dune grassland

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Carex arenaria, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Brachythecium albicans, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia furcata, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Astragalus danicus, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia lathyroides, Geranium molle, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica officinalis, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis

SD13 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Sagina nodosa-Bryum pseudotriquetrum dune-slack community

Salix repens, Hippophae rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex serotina, Juncus articulatus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Amblystegium serpens, Didymodon tophaceus, Moerckia hibernica, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Mentha aquatica, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Rubus caesius, Galium verum, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

SD14 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Salix repens-Campylium stellatum dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Hippophae rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex serotina, Cladium mariscus, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Leiocolea badensis, Lophocolea bidentata, Moerckia hibernica, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Eupatorium cannabinum, Jacobaea erucifolia, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Succisa pratensis, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium pulchellum, Gentianella amarella, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Epipactis palustris, Gymnadenia conopsea, Liparis loeselii, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Polygala vulgaris, Anagallis tenella, Glaux maritima, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Viola riviniana, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum

SD15 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Salix repens-Calliergon cuspidatum dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Solanum dulcamara, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Juncus subnodulosus, Brachythecium mildeanum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Homalothecium lutescens, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium palustre, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Epipactis palustris, Plantago lanceolata, Anagallis tenella, Glaux maritima, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Arrhenatherum elatius, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum

SD16 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Salix repens-Holcus lanatus dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Betula pubescens, Quercus robur, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex serotina, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Luzula campestris, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Lophocolea bidentata, Moerckia hibernica, Pellia endiviifolia, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Erigeron acris, Eupatorium cannabinum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Mentha aquatica, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Anagallis tenella, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

SD17 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Potentilla anserina-Carex nigra dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Carex arenaria, Carex disticha, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Plagiomnium rostratum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Homalothecium lutescens, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Lophocolea bidentata, Odontites verna, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Persicaria maculosa, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis

SD18 — Sand dune

Hippophae rhamnoides dune scrub

Salix repens, Sambucus nigra, Hippophae rhamnoides, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cynoglossum officinale, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina procumbens, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia soldanellla, Convolvulus arvensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Glechoma hederacea, Montia perfoliata, Chamerion angustifolium, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Plantago lanceolata, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Phleum arenarium, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis

SD19 — Sand dune

Phleum arenarium-Arenaria serpyllifolia dune annual community

Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium albicans, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Tortella flavovirens, Tortella tortuosa, Peltigera canina, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris glabra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Logfia minima, Erophila verna, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Geranium molle, Thymus praecox, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Galium verum, Viola tricolor, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Catapodium marinum, Festuca rubra, Mibora minima, Phleum arenarium, Poa pratensis, Vulpia fasciculata

SM1 — Salt marsh

Zostera communities

Zostera angustifolia, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei, Spartina anglica, Porphyra umbilicalis, Chondria dasyphylla, Polysiphonia nigra, Chara aspera, Chaetomorpha linum, Chaetomorpha tortuosa, Cladophora battersii, Cladophora retroflexa, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Fucus spiralis

SM2 — Salt marsh

Ruppia maritima salt-marsh community

Ruppia maritima

SM3 — Salt marsh

Eleocharis parvula salt-marsh community

Eleocharis parvula

SM4 — Salt marsh

Spartina maritima salt-marsh community

Suaeda maritima, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima

SM5 — Salt marsh

Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh community

Puccinellia maritima, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina anglica

SM6 — Salt marsh

Spartina anglica salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Catenella caespitosa, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus vesiculosus ecad volubilis

SM7 — Salt marsh

Arthrocnemum perenne stands

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides

SM8 — Salt marsh

Annual Salicornia salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM9 — Salt marsh

Suaeda maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM10 — Salt marsh

Transitional low-marsh vegetation with Puccinellia maritima annual Salicornia species and Suaeda maritima

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM11 — Salt marsh

Aster tripolium var. discoideus salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata

SM12 — Salt marsh

Rayed Aster Tripolium on slat marshes

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM13 — Salt marsh

Puccinellia maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus cottonii

SM14 — Salt marsh

Halimione portulacoides salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM15 — Salt marsh

Juncus maritimus-Triglochin maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex extensa, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Oenanthe lachenalii, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Fucus cottonii

SM16 — Salt marsh

Festuca rubra salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex flacca, Juncus gerardii, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Puccinellia maritima

SM17 — Salt marsh

Artemisia maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Hordeum marinum, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima

SM18 — Salt marsh

Juncus maritimus salt-marsh community

Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex otrubae, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Amblystegium serpens, Kindbergia praelonga, Oenanthe lachenalii, Cirsium arvense, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus

SM19 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh

Blysmus rufus salt-marsh community

Blysmus rufus, Carex extensa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Amblystegium serpens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus polygamus, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima

SM20 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh

Eleocharis uniglumis salt-marsh community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Atriplex hastata, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra

SM21 — Salt marsh

Suaeda vera-Limonium binervosum salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Sagina maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium bellidifolium, Limonium binervosum, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima

SM22 — Salt marsh

Halimione portulacoides-Frankenia laevis salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima

SM23 — Salt marsh

Spergularia marina-Puccinellia distans salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima

SM24 — Salt marsh

Elymus pycnanthus salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Sonchus arvensis, Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Beta vulgaris sp maritima, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima

SM25 — Salt marsh

Suaeda vera drift-line community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex littoralis, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Pelvetia canaliculata

SM26 — Salt marsh

Inula crithmoides stands

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides

SM28 — Salt marsh

Elymus repens salt-marsh community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus gerardii, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Calystegia sepium, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus altissima, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Puccinellia maritima, Schedonorus arundinaceus

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas

W25 — Bracken scrub

Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas