Binevenagh

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 55.1183, -6.9251

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Moraine · Geological Period: Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic · Rock Type: Basalt, Chalk

Landscape processes: Coastal, Glacial, Periglacial, Volcanic / Igneous

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
fulmar Breeding
peregrine Breeding

Description

Binevenagh Fungi assemblage, Higher plant assemblage, Lower plant assemblage, Invertebrate assemblage Inland rock, Calcareous grassland Tertiary igneous The area is of special scientific interest because of its geological and geomorphological features, in addition to the cliff and scree vegetation, and associated grassland communities on the slopes below. These varied habitats include a number of rare species. Binevenagh, overlooking Lough Foyle and the Inishowen Peninsula of Donegal, is dominated by vertical basalt cliffs, which rise in places to over lOOm above the grasslands below. These cliffs offer a well-exposed sequence of the Tertiary basalts of the western part of the Antrim Plateau. The exposure consists of around lOOm of basalts overlying Cretaceous Chalk. Some 55 million years ago, intense volcanic activity was experienced in the north of Ireland, associated with the expansion of the North Atlantic Ocean during Tertiary times. Most of the activity took the form of lava eruptions from extended fissures. These lavas produced the great thickness of basalts seen in the plateau today. The area is of particular importance as it provides evidence of the age of the basalts in this part of the basalt plateau. Throughout most of the basalt series, Upper and Lower Basalts can be differentiated by their position relative to the red laterite bed of the Interbasaltic Horizon. However, this distinctive marker is absent from this general area, leading to uncertainty over the position, and hence age, of these basalts. The occurrence ofdistinctive units towards the top of the succession at Binevenagh matches similar flows recorded near the top of the Upper Basalts at sites in County Antrim, suggesting an Upper Basalt age. This view is supported by the much greater thickness of the lavas in the wider Binevenagh area, some 150m, compared with around 50m of Lower Basalts east of the River Bann. There are significant geochemical differences between these western basalts and those of the rest of the plateau. They offer an important contribution to understanding the development of the Antrim Lava Group as a whole. In addition, the volcanic features such as the occurrence of well defined flow units and pahoehoe surfaces are among the best examples seen anywhere within the basalt plateau. A number of sizeable moraine ridges, deposited by the action of ice, are present within the area. Such features are of importance in helping determine the extent and flow direction of glaciers towards the end of the last Ice Age. In addition, at the base of the cliffs, there are extensive slipped masses of basalt overlying older Cretaceous, Jurassic and Triassic rocks. These are considered to be of late-and post-glacial age and give the area a distinctive appearance. The biological interest of the area is closely linked to the physical and chemical nature of the rock and scree material. The plant communities on the basalt cliffs are of particular interest, while in addition, the scree vegetation and grasslands on the associated slopes are diverse and well-developed. A number of rare species occur in these habitats. The cliffs at Binevenagh have a unique assemblage of vascular plants and bryophytes. Remnant arctic-alpine species that are rare in Northern Ireland, including mountain avens Dryas octopetala, moss campion Silene acaulis and purple saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia, are frequent here. In addition, juniper Juniperus communis, ivy Hedera helix and several species of fern grow on the cliff face, together with species more typical of coastal locations, such as thrift Armeria maritima and sea campion Silene uniflora. Several rare bryophytes are found associated with the crags, boulders and scree. Amongst the crags the liverwort Reboulia hemisphaerica occurs, together with the mosses Rhabdoweisia fugax and Eremonotus myriocarpus. The moss Tortula princeps is typical of the mildly base-rich conditions on the friable basalt. On the boulders and scree the notable mosses Antitricha curtipendula, Grimmia hartmanii and Isothecium myosuroides var brachythecioides occur, with Rhytidium rugosum found scattered on the grassy slopes below the cliffs. Along the base of the cliffs and on some of the slumped basalt units, dry calcareous grassland is found. This grassland has developed on thin skeletal soils and is rich in sedges and herbs. Sheep's fescue Festuca ovina, common bent Agrostis capillaris, flea sedge Carex pulicaris, spring sedge Carex caryophyllea and pill sedge Carex pilulifera generally dominate the sward. Herbs include frequent wild thyme Thymus polytrichus, eyebright Euphrasia officinalis agg, lady's bedstraw Galium verum and harebell Campanula rotundifolia. Species such as field gentian Gentianella campestris, bulbous buttercup Ranunculus bulbous and thyme broomrape Orobanche alba are locally common. Acidic or calcifugous grassland is the main habitat below the cliffs. It has developed on free-draining basalt soils and is typically dominated by red fescue Festuca rubra, sheep's fescue F ovina, common bent Agrostis capillaris and sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, with heath bedstraw Galium saxatile and tormentil Potentilla erecta constant, but not abundant, throughout the sward. The mosses Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus and Pleurozium schreberi are all common, and often very abundant. The calcifugous grassland at Binevenagh is nationally important for grassland fungi. waxcaps, Hygrocybe, are one genus in a range of groups of predominantly grassland fungi. They tend to be restricted in their distribution to ancient grasslands that have not been intensively managed. Twenty species of waxcap have been recorded at Binevenagh with Hygrocybe punicea, Hygrocybe pratensis, Hygrocybe coccinea and Hygrocybe insipida regularly fruiting in large numbers during late autumn. In addition, the rare Bloxam's pink gill Entoloma bloxamii has been recorded. The cliffs, scree and grasslands provide a range of semi-natural habitats for animals, including nesting peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus and fulmar Fulmarus glacialis. https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/binevenagh-assi

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
fulmar Fulmarus glacialis CR (Breeding) bird-fulmar procellariidae
peregrine Falco peregrinus LC (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
fungi Entoloma bloxamii Not listed in GB list fungi entolomataceae
deep-red crimson waxcap Hygrocybe punicea Not listed in GB list fungi hygrophoraceae
common bent Agrostis capillaris LC grass poaceae
sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum LC grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
thrift Armeria maritima CR herb plumbaginaceae
harebell Campanula rotundifolia LC herb campanulaceae
mountain avens Dryas octopetala LC herb rosaceae
English sticky eyebright Euphrasia officinalis LC herb orobanchaceae
heath bedstraw Galium saxatile LC herb rubiaceae
lady's bedstraw Galium verum LC herb rubiaceae
field gentian Gentianella campestris LC herb gentianaceae
thyme broomrape Orobanche alba LC herb orobanchaceae
tormentil Potentilla erecta LC herb rosaceae
purple saxifrage Saxifraga oppositifolia LC herb saxifragaceae
moss campion Silene acaulis NT herb carophyllaceae
sea campion Silene uniflora LC herb carophyllaceae
wild thyme Thymus polytrichus Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
hemispherical liverwort Reboulia hemisphaerica LC liverwort marchantiales
pendulous wing moss Antitricha curtipendula Not listed in GB list moss hypnales
glittering wood moss Hylocomium splendens LC moss hypnales
mouse-tail moss Isothecium myosuroides LC moss hypnales
red stemmed feather moss Pleurozium schreberi LC moss hypnales
neat feather moss Pseudoscleropodium purum LC moss hypnales
springy turf moss Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus LC moss hypnales
wrink;le leaved feather moss Rhytidium rugosum LC moss hypnales
spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea NT sedge cyperaceae
pill sedge Carex pilulifera LC sedge cyperaceae
flea sedge Carex pulicaris NT sedge cyperaceae
juniper Juniperus communis CR shrub cupressaceae
ivy Hedera helix LC woody climber araliaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

CG1 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Carlina vulgaris grassland

Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex humilis, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissedens spp., Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Scorpiurium circinatum, Tortella nitida, Tortella tortuosa, Cladonia rangiformis, Daucus carota, Trinia glauca, Aster linosyris, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Crepis capillaris, Echium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Inula conyza, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Draba aizoides, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium pumilum, Helianthemum apenninum, Helianthemum nummularium, Helianthemum oelandicum icanum, Sedum acre, Sedum forsteranum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium repens, Trifolium scabrum, Trifolium striatum, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Gentianella amarella, Acinos arvensis, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla autumnalis, Scilla verna, Linum catharticum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Plantago media, Armeria maritima, Polygala vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium verum, Viola hirta, Agrostis capillaris, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium rigidum, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Koeleria vallesiana, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens

CG2 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Avenula pratensis grassland

Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex humilis, Luzula campestris, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens dubius, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera complanata, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Weissia brachycarpa, Cladonia rangiformis, Daucus carota, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Carduus nutans, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium eriophorum, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris maculata, Hypochaeris radicata, Inula conyza, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Picris hieracioides, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Taraxacum officianalis, Tephroseris integrifolius, Tragopogon pratensis, Campanula glomerata, Campanula rotundifolia, Phyteuma orbiculare, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Hippocrepis comosa, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia, Ononis repens, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Gentianella amarella, Gentianella anglica, Geranium sanguineum, Hypericum montanum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Thymus pulegioides, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza viridis, Gymnadenia conopsea, Ophyrs apifera, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala calcarea, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Pulsatilla vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Thesium humifusum, Urtica dioica, Viola hirta, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Trisetum flavescens, Chara curta

CG3 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Bromus erectus grassland

Fraxinus excelsior, Ulex europaeus, Clematis vitalba, Crataegus monogyna, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens dubius, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Weissia brachycarpa, Daucus carota, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Arctium minus, Bellis perennis, Carduus nutans, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium eriophorum, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris maculata, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Picris hieracioides, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Campanula glomerata, Campanula rotundifolia, Phyteuma orbiculare, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Convolvulus arvensis, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Onobrychis viciifolia, Ononis repens, Ononis spinosa, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Gentianella amarella, Clinopodium vulgare, Origanum vulgare, Thymus praecox, Thymus pulegioides, Linum catharticum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza viridis, Epipactis purpurata, Gymnadenia conopsea, Ophyrs apifera, Euphrasia officinalis, Orobanche elatior, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Pulsatilla vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Reseda lutea, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa canina, Asperula cynanchica, Cruciata laevipes, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Thesium humifusum, Viola hirta, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Trisetum flavescens

CG4 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Brachypodium pinnatum grassland

Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens dubius, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Weissia brachycarpa, Daucus carota, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Hieracium sect. Vulgata, Hypochaeris radicata, Inula conyza, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Campanula glomerata, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Ononis repens, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum hirsutum, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula vulgaris, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa canina, Asperula cynanchica, Cruciata laevipes, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola hirta, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium pinnatum, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Trisetum flavescens

CG5 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Bromus erectus-Brachypodium pinnatum grassland

Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aria, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Clematis vitalba, Crataegus monogyna, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens dubius, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Weissia brachycarpa, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium eriophorum, Hieracium sect. Vulgata, Inula conyza, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare, Picris hieracioides, Pilosella officinarum, Serratula tinctoria, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Campanula glomerata, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Genista tinctoria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Ononis repens, Ononis spinosa, Trifolium pratense, Vicia cracca, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Gentianella amarella, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Ophyrs apifera, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago media, Polygala calcarea, Polygala vulgaris, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Pulsatilla vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Filipendula vulgaris, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Thesium humifusum, Viola hirta, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium pinnatum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens

CG6 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Avenula pubescens grassland

Fraxinus excelsior, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Fissidens dubius, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Erigeron acris, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Cynoglossum officinale, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Gentianella amarella, Clinopodium vulgare, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Dactylorhiza viridis, Epipactis purpurata, Neottia ovata, Euphrasia officinalis, Orobanche elatior, Linaria vulgaris, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Reseda lutea, Reseda luteola, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula vulgaris, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola hirta, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens

CG7 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Hieracium pilosella-Thymus praecox/pulegioides grassland

Sambucus nigra, Juniperus communis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex eragrostis, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Bryum capillare, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta vulgaris, Brachythecium albicans, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Barbula unguiculata, Weissia brachycarpa, Ptilidium ciliare, Buellia epigaea, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia papillaria, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiformis, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Collema tenax, Cornicularia aculeata, Diploschistes scruposus, Peltigera canina, Squamaria lentigera, Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Arctium minus, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Erigeron acris, Inula conyza, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis ramosissima, Erophila verna, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Sedum acre, Sedum album, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Gentianella amarella, Eriodium cicutarium, Hypericum perforatum, Acinos arvensis, Clinopodium vulgare, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Epipactis purpurata, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago media, Veronica arvensis, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Agrimonia eupatoria, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola hirta, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Briza media, Catapodium rigidum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Aphanes arvensis, Botrychium lunaria

CG8 — Lowland calcareous grassland

Sesleria albicans-Scabiosa columbaria grassland

Ulex europaeus, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex pulicaris, Bryum argenteum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ceratodon purpureus, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Encalypta vulgaris, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Daucus carota, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium vulgare, Hieracium sect. Vulgata, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Trifolium medium, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum montanum, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Linum perenne, Dactylorhiza viridis, Epipactis atrorubens, Gymnadenia conopsea, Neottia ovata, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Plantago media, Polygala vulgaris, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium verum, Viola hirta, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Koeleria macrantha, Sesleria caerulea, Trisetum flavescens, Chara curta

CG9 — Limestone pavement, Lowland calcareous grassland, Upland calcareous grassland

Sesleria albicans-Galium sterneri grassland

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Carex capillaris, Carex caryophyllea, Carex eragrostis, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Selaginella selaginoides, Rhodobryum roseum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia barbata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania aspera, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pocillum, Cladonia rangiformis, Cornicularia aculeata, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium vulgare, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cochlearia alpina, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia verna, Parnassia palustris, Helianthemum oelandicum icanum, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentiana verna, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Dryas octopetala, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga hypnoides, Viola hirta, Viola riviniana, Viola rupestris, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Sesleria caerulea

CG10 — Brownfield, Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Thymus praecox grassland

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pallens, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cetraria islandica, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Cirsium palustre, Hieraclium spp., Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Cardamine pratensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentianella campestris, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Euphrasia scottica, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla wichurae, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rubus idaeus, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma

CG11 — Upland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Alchemilla alpina grass-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola canina, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma

CG12 — Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland, High montane heath and snow bed

Festuca ovina-Alchemilla alpina-Silene acaulis dwarf-herb community

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex demissa, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus trifidus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Bartramia ithyphylla, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Lescuraea incurvata, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania subalpina, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cardamine pratensis, Draba norvegica, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Sedum rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago maritima, Veronica alpina, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga nivalis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Botrychium lunaria

CG13 — Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland

Dryas octopetala-Carex flacca heath

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rupestris, Schoenus nigricans, Luzula campestris, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Neckera complanata, Neckera crispa, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania undulata, Cladonia rangiformis, Solorina saccata, Daucus carota, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Neottia ovata, Orchis mascula, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Plantago media, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Polystichum aculeatum

CG14 — Mountain ledge

Dryas octopetala-Silene acaulis ledge community

Salix arbuscula, Salix aurita, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix reticulata, Salix x boydii, Salix x phaeophylla, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rubus saxatilis, Salix herbacea, Carex atrata, Carex capillaris, Carex flacca, Carex pulicaris, Carex rupestris, Carex vaginata, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiobryum zieri, Plagiopus oederianus, Dicranum scoparium, Distichium capillaceum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Encalypta streptocarpa, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Abietinella abietina, Ctenidium molluscum, Entodon concinnus, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Orthothecium rufescens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum capillifolium, Barbilophozia barbata, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania aspera, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Metzgeria leptoneura, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Peltigera aphthosa, Peltigera canina, Solorina saccata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Crepis paludosa, Hieraclium spp., Pilosella officinarum, Saussurea alpina, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Arabis hirsuta, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium nigrescens, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Parnassia palustris, Sedum rosea, Equisetum variegatum, Orthilia secunda, Pyrola rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Gentianella campestris, Geranium sylvaticum, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica fruticans, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea, Asplenium viride, Polystichum lonchitis, Botrychium lunaria

M5 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Sphagnum squarrosum mire

Carex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M10 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush

Carex dioica-Pinguicula vulgaris mire

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum latifolium, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Schoenus ferrugineus, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus alpinoarticulatus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Catoscopium nigritum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum subnitens, Scapania aspera, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Minuartia stricta, Minuartia verna, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula lusitanica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Saxifraga aizoides, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea

M26 — Limestone pavement, Purple moor grass and rush pasture

Molinia caerulea-Crepis paludosa mire

Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Aulacomnium palustre, Plagiomnium undulatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium elodes, Climacium dendroides, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Leontodon hispidus, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium repens, Menyanthes trifoliata, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus auricomus, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M27 — Limestone pavement, Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire

Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum

OV38 — Limestone pavement, Scree

Gymnocarpium robertianum-Arrhenatherum elatius community

Rosa spinosissima, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Bryum capillare, Dicranum scoparium, Distichium capillaceum, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Grimmia pulvinata, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Schistidium apocarpum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidium rugosum, Tortella tortuosa, Cladonia pocillum, Centaurea nigra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Mycelis muralis, Pilosella officinarum, Tussilago farfara, Arabis hirsuta, Campanula rotundifolia, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium molle, Geranium robertianum, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Oxalis acetosella, Aquilegia vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Viola riviniana, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Dryopteris filix-mas, Cystopteris fragilis, Gymnocarpium robertianum

OV39 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope

Asplenium trichomanes-Asplenium ruta-muraria community

Bryum capillare, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Schistidium apocarpum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Syntrichia intermedia, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula muralis, Tortula ruralis, Tortula subulata, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Riccia sorocarpa, Targionia hypophylla, Cladonia pocillum, Dermatocarpon lachnaeum, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Squamarina cartilaginea, Toninia caeruleonigricans, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea scabiosa, Pilosella officinarum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Hornungia petraea, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Silene nutans, Sedum acre, Medicago lupulina, Geranium molle, Acinos arvensis, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Veronica arvensis, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Aira caryophyllea, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Aphanes arvensis, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Asplenium ceterach, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium trichomanes, Anogramma leptophylla

OV40 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope

Asplenium viride-Cystopteris fragilis community

Plagiobryum zieri, Pohlia cruda, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium sericeum, Isopterygiopsis pulchella, Neckera crispa, Orthothecium intricatum, Orthothecium rufescens, Anoectangium aestivum, Tortella tortuosa, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Plagiochila porelloides, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Pellia endiviifolia, Solorina saccata, Campanula rotundifolia, Geranium robertianum, Thymus praecox, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum lonchitis, Anogramma leptophylla, Cystopteris fragilis

U4 — Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland

Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Lophocolea bidentata, Conopodium majus, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lolium perenne, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta

U5 — Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland

Nardus stricta-Galium saxatile grassland

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia uncialis, Cirsium palustre, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Equisetum palustre, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Trifolium repens, Narthecium ossifragum, Plantago lanceolata, Polygala serpyllifolia, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant

U7 — High montane heath and snow bed

Nardus stricta-Carex bigelowii grass-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Narthecium ossifragum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U8 — High montane heath and snow bed

Carex bigelowii-Polytrichum alpinum sedge-heath

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum compactum, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia macrophylla, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U9 — High montane heath and snow bed

Juncus trifidus-Racomitrium lanuginosum rush-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum fuscescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus globosus, Stereocaulon vesuvianum, Thamnolia vermicularis, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Nitella flexilis

U10 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Carex bigelowii-Racomitrium lanuginosum moss-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum longisetum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Anastrepta orcadensis, Diplophyllum albicans, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia cervicornis, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Peltigera canina, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U11 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Polytrichum sexangulare-Kiaeria starkei snow-bed

Empetrum nigrum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Huperzia selago, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia drummondii, Pohlia ludwigii, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Kiaeria falcata, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Anthelia juratzkana, Barbilophozia floerkei, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella emarginata, Moerckia blyttii, Nardia scalaris, Pleurocladula albescens, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Solorina crocea, Gnaphalium supinum, Cerastium cerastoides, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Athyrium distentifolium

U12 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Salix herbacea-Racomitrium heterostichum snow-bed

Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Andreaea rupestris, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Gymnomitrion corallioides, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella brevissima, Nardia scalaris, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Gnaphalium supinum, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U13 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Deschampsia cespitosa-Galium saxatile grassland

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Pohlia nutans, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum russowii, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Saussurea alpina, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia frigida, Oxalis acetosella, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

U14 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Alchemilla alpina-Sibbaldia procumbens dwarf-herb community

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium aquaticum, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria

U15 — Mountain ledge

Saxifraga aizoides-Alchemilla glabra banks

Calluna vulgaris, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus articulatus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium stellatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Orthothecium rufescens, Palustriella commutatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Anoectangium aestivum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Leiocolea bantriensis, Lophocolea bidentata, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania undulata, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Angelica sylvestris, Crepis paludosa, Hieraclium spp., Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cochlearia officinalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Parnassia palustris, Sedum rosea, Equisetum pratense, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Asplenium viride, Cystopteris fragilis

U16 — Mountain ledge

Luzula sylvatica-Vaccinium myrtillus tall-herb community

Salix lapponum, Fraxinus excelsior, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex nigra, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Conopodium majus, Crepis paludosa, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Geranium sylvaticum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, Athyrium filix-femina, Gymnocarpium dryopteris

U17 — Mountain ledge

Luzula sylvatica-Geum rivale tall-herb community

Salix cinerea, Salix reticulata, Betula pubescens, Sorbus aucuparia, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rubus saxatilis, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex vaginata, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hookeria lucens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium stellatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Herbertus stramineus, Lophocolea bidentata, Mastigophora woodsii, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila spinulosa, Scapania undulata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Arabis hirsuta, Cochlearia officinalis, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Silene dioica, Parnassia palustris, Sedum rosea, Orthilia secunda, Pyrola rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Mercurialis perennis, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Vicia sepium, Geranium sylvaticum, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Linum catharticum, Epilobium montanum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Orchis mascula, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica officinalis, Armeria maritima, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Thalictrum minus, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa glauca, Asplenium viride, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum lonchitis, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina, Cystopteris fragilis

U18 — Rocky slope, Scree

Cryptogramma crispa-Athyrium distentifolium snow-bed

Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Sanionia uncinata, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Polytrichum piliferum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia obtusa, Lophozia sudetica, Ptilidium ciliare, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera canina, Gnaphalium supinum, Cerastium fontanum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, Gymnocarpium dryopteris

U21 — Rocky slope, Scree

Cryptogramma crispa-Deschampsia flexuosa community

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Mnium hornum, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Grimmia donniana, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum subnitens, Barbilophozia floerkei, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Thelypteris limbosperma

W9 — Altantic hazel wood, Limestone pavement, Upland mixed ash wood

Fraxinus excelsior-Sorbus aucuparia-Mercurialis perennis woodland

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pallescens, Carex sylvatica, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens curnovii, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium succulentum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Adoxa moschatellina, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Arum maculatum, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Jacobaea vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, Cardamine flexuosa, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium robertianum, Geranium sylvaticum, Ajuga reptans, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Circaea x intermedia, Epilobium montanum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica montana, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Cruciata laevipes, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Asplenium scolopendrium, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina