Moel Hiraddug a Bryn Gop
Climate exposure
This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.
Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.
Habitats
Bracken scrub, Limestone pavement, Mixed scrub, Montane scrub, Mountain ledge, Scree, Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Geology & landscape
Geological Feature: Cave / Cavern · Geological Period: Carboniferous · Rock Type: Carboniferous Limestone, Limestone, Sandstone, Shale
Landscape processes: Coastal, Karst, Periglacial
Birds & fish recorded
Fish
| Species | Season |
|---|---|
| Grayling | Unknown |
Description
Description Moel Hiraddug a Bryn Gop SSSI is of special interest for its geology, its calcicolous (limestone) grasslands, assemblages of nationally rare and scarce vascular and non-vascular plant species, and four individually qualifying higher plant species, namely hoary rock-rose Helianthemum oelandicum, dark red helleborine Epipactis atrorubens, green-winged orchid Anacamptis morio and autumn lady’s-tresses Spiranthes spiralis. Moel Hiraddug is located just to the south-east of Dyserth in Denbighshire, on the eastern side of the Vale of Clwyd. It consists of a sheep-and rabbit-grazed prominent limestone ridge rising from an altitude of 100 m to 265 m at its highest point. Its western slope is particularly steep, with limestone outcrops, disused quarries, cliffs and screes, as opposed to its more gently sloping eastern side. The northern part of the ridge has been extensively quarried for limestone and extraction ceased in the 1980s. Additionally the area has been subject to past mining for various minerals including haematite, nickel, cobalt and pyrites. Bryn Gop lies to the north and north-west of Trelawnyd in Flintshire and is 2.3 km north-east of Moel Hiraddug. It consists of a rounded limestone hill rising to 251 m, surmounted by the largest Neolithic cairn in Wales. Much of the hill has been afforested with conifers but the cairn and the moderately steep south-facing slopes below support sheep-and horse-grazed calcicolous grassland. Gop Cave occurs on these slopes and appears to have been used periodically from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic. It has yielded several Neolithic human skeletons. Geological features of Moel Hiraddug There are two Geological Conservation Review (GCR) sites within this SSSI that have been selected for their important Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian of northern England & north Wales) and Palaeozoic Palaeobotany features. Both geological features are confined to the same two small disused wooded quarries at the base of the western slopes of Moel Hiraddug. They are sometimes referred to as the Pentre- Bach Quarries. i. Lower Carboniferous (Dinantian) of northern England and north Wales The quarries provide the best exposures of the late Chadian Foel Formation in the Prestatyn region, and form an important site for elucidating the stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the North Wales Shelf. Lying between the emergent Wales- Brabant Massif to the south and the deep waters of the Eastern Irish Sea and Craven basins to the north, this area of north Wales was a shallow-marine shelf during Dinantian times. The Foel Formation, here at its type locality, comprises a wave-and storm-influenced subtidal facies of dolomitic and silty carbonates (peloidal packstones and intraclastic/bioclastic grainstones), interbedded with grey or green mudstones. The impure nature of the limestones and terrigenous nature of the mudstones indicate a dominantly shallow-marine environment, but with a continuous supply of detrital material from an adjacent landmass. The macrofauna and foraminifera assemblages of the Foel Formation indicate a late Chadian – early Arundian age. This determination was critical in a recent revision of the regional Dinantian stratigraphy, a succession previously thought to be entirely of Asbian and Brigantian age. ii. Palaeozoic Palaeobotany Moel Hiraddug has yielded a diverse assemblage of plant fossils dating from the early part of the Carboniferous Period some 340 Ma ago and is the best available locality for plant fossils in the Visean Foel Formation of North Wales. The fossil flora includes abundant and well-preserved specimens of lycopod, equisete and progymnosperm. Several taxa are unique to Moel Hiraddug quarries, including Lepidodendropsis jonesii, Archaeosigillaria stobsii, Rhacopteris weissii and Calathiops dyserthensis. Importantly, many of the fossilised plants still have their cuticles preserved, an extremely rare occurrence in Lower Carboniferous floras. Plant cuticles have been widely studied in younger fossil floras and have proved of considerable value, as they are often the only source of anatomical detail still preserved. In general composition, the fossil flora allows comparison with the Drybook Sandstone in the Forest of Dean and the Oil Shale floras from Scotland; but the Foel Formation is better preserved and contains unique species. Moel Hiraddug is thus a nationally important site for understanding early Carboniferous floras. Calcicolous grassland The extent of the open sheep's-fescue -carline thistle grassland, and the sub-community with which the nationally scarce hoary rock-rose is associated, is particularly notable at Moel Hiraddug and Bryn Gop. Moel Hiraddug itself supports the largest area of this rare British grassland type in north east Wales and the second largest, after the great Orme, in Wales. In Britain, this particular type of grassland is confined to Wales. i. Moel Hiraddug Moel Hiraddug shows extremely varied aspect, topography and soil conditions giving rise to a complex and interesting range of plant communities. These include extensive areas of calcicolous grassland and associated habitats including limestone outcrops, cliffs, screes and dry heath and other habitats including neutral and acid grassland, bracken, scrub and broadleaved woodland. Its steep western slopes, with their rocky, thin and drought-prone soils, support extensive areas of open sheep's-fescue Festuca ovina -carline thistle Carlina vulgaris grassland, with which the nationally scarce hoary rock-rose Helianthemum oelandicum is associated. Other associates include the grasses, crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha, quaking grass Briza media and heath grass Danthonia decumbens; the sedges, glaucous sedge Carex flacca and spring sedge Carex caryophyllea; and calcicolous herbs such as common rock-rose Helianthemum nummularium, salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba, wild thyme Thymus polytrichus, fairy flax Linum catharticum, mouse-ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum and bird’s-foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus. The less rocky areas with deeper soils support the more widespread sheep's-fescue -meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis grassland. This is characterised by sheep's-fescue and crested hair-grass and herbs including common rock-rose, common bird’s-foot trefoil and salad burnet. On areas which have become modified by agricultural improvement, rye grass Lolium perenne, white clover Trifolium repens and creeping thistle Cirsium arvense occur. Locally, there are stands of the sheep's-fescue -common bent Agrostis capillaris -wild thyme grassland. This is more acidic in character with wild thyme mixed with tormentil Potentilla erecta, common dog-violet Viola riviniana and heath speedwell Veronica officinalis. In association with the calcicolous grassland, small stands of limestone heath occur and are characterised by western gorse Ulex gallii with patchy bell heather Erica cinerea and occasional heather Calluna vulgaris. Associated with the heath are the herbs, common rock-rose, salad burnet and lesser meadow-rue Thalictrum minus. Limestone screes are a particular feature of the middle to lower western slopes but also occur locally on the eastern slopes. The screes are often open but, where vegetated, scrub, particularly of blackthorn Prunus spinosa with burnet rose Rosa spinosissima and occasionally holly Ilex aquifolium and yew Taxus baccata, occurs together with dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, wild madder Rubia peregrina and lesser meadow-rue and other species characteristic of the calcicolous grassland. Limestone cliffs are also present, mainly on the western slopes and, where they are more extensive, the nationally scarce dark red helleborine Epipactis atrorubens occurs. Small areas of limestone pavement occur on the hilltop. There are also stands of neutral grasslands, particularly in the south-west, often characterised by false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius grassland or crested dog's-tail Cynosurus cristatus -common knapweed Centaurea nigra grassland. The former is tall and dominated by false oat grass and cock’s foot Dactylis glomerata and includes herbs such as common knapweed, field agrimony Agrimonia eupatoria and common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii and more scattered calcicolous herbs and grasses including fairy flax, quaking grass and wild marjoram Origanum vulgare. The latter is characterised by herbs such as common knapweed, bird’s-foot trefoil, ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, cowslip Primula veris, red clover Trifolium pratense, lady’s bedstraw Galium verum, glaucous sedge, salad burnet and hoary plantain Plantago media. On the flatter lower slopes on the east side, stands of tall common gorse Ulex europaeus and other scrub dominate, along with dense bracken Pteridium aquilinum. Where the bracken stands are more open, small stands of acid sheep’s-fescue -common bent -heath bedstraw Galium saxatile grassland occurs. Adder's-tongue fern Ophioglossum vulgatum occurs sporadically beneath the bracken in some areas. Stands of leggy common gorse also occur on the lower western slopes and appear to be developing towards broadleaved woodland. Parts of the lowest western slopes support a band of broadleaved woodland characterised by ash Fraxinus excelsior and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus with typically a base rich ground flora including dog’s mercury, false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum and hart's-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium. The geological features of the site are confined to this woodland. ii. Bryn Gop Bryn Gop occupies the southern moderately steep slope of a Carboniferous limestone hill and is predominantly south-facing, although the large cairn on the hilltop shows all aspects. It typically supports a mixture of calcareous grassland and scrub. Associated calcareous habitats include limestone outcrops, cliffs, scree and caves. Parts of the coniferous plantation on the hilltop have been included within the site as the ground layer, beneath the open woodland canopy, still supports calcareous grassland and limestone outcrops/cliffs. Calcareous grassland still dominates the site, along with various-sized patches of scrub, mainly of common gorse and occasionally of other species. The grassland mostly has a closed turf and is usually referable to sheep's-fescue -meadow oat grass grassland which here is marked by the presence of frequent crested dog’s-tail and white clover. A good range of calcareous forbs, sedges and grasses are present including salad burnet, common rock-rose, quaking grass and crested hair-grass. Some areas show signs of more acid conditions as evidenced by the presence of tormentil, heath bedstraw and common dog-violet. Where limestone outcrops occur across the slope, sheep's-fescue -carline thistle grassland is present with hoary rock-rose. Ranker calcareous grassland occurs where grazing is absent around the cairn and in the coniferous woodlands and here the grasslands are characterised by downy oat grass Avenula pubescens and red fescue Festuca rubra. The site also supports stands of semi-improved grassland, assigned to rye-grass -crested dog’s-tail grassland. This community dominates the north-western corner of the site and occurs sporadically on the main slope, typically on areas of flatter ground. Common gorse is the principal scrub species, while blackthorn and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna are locally abundant. There are also small areas of ash-dominated woodland. Rare plants a. Vascular plants i. Moel Hiraddug In addition to hoary rock-rose, other nationally scarce vascular plants present include white horehound Marrubium vulgare, spring cinquefoil Potentilla tabernaemontani and dark red helleborine. Apart from white horehound, all are confined to skeletal, thin-soiled and frequently droughted grassland and rock outcrops. These four species constitute an assemblage. The population sizes of both hoary rock-rose and dark red helleborine are also notable as being the largest in north east Wales. Dark-red helleborine is typically a northern species in Britain, reaching its southern limit on the north Wales coastal limestone. Other notable species include a single bush of the shrub, juniper Juniperus communis. ii. Bryn Gop Hoary rock-rose and spring cinquefoil occur here. The extent of hoary rock-rose is more limited compared with Moel Hiraddug but is notable in that it is the only known locality for this species in Flintshire. The site is also notable for supporting the largest known populations in north east Wales of two further species, green-winged orchid Anacamptis morio and autumn lady’s-tresses Spiranthes spiralis. The former species has declined markedly in recent times. b. Non-vascular plants The Moel Hiraddug section of the site supports a bryophyte assemblage of nationally rare and nationally scarce species characteristic of seasonally droughted, open, base-rich ground among limestone rocks. Species recorded to date include the nationally rare Gemmabryum kunzei and six nationally scarce species including Bryum canariense, Ditrichum flexicaule sensu stricto, Funaria muehlenbergii, Grimmia orbicularis, Microbryum floerkeanum and Microbryum starckeanum. Remarks Butterflies recorded at the site include grayling Hipparchia semele, wall brown Lasiommata megera and small heath Coenonympha pamphilus. A winter hibernation colony of lesser horseshoe bats Rhinolophus hipposideros, a protected species, is also present. Bryn Gop and most of Moel Hiraddug fall within the Bryniau Clwyd a Dyffryn Dyfrdwy/Clwydian Range and Dee Valley Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). This site encompasses the former Moel Hiraddug Quarries SSSI, a site identified as a GCR site and originally notified as a SSSI for its Palaeozoic palaeobotanical interest in 1982. Since that time an additional GCR feature covering the Lower Carboniferous stratigraphy has been identified within the originally notified site boundary. Part of Bryn Gop is registered as common land. The site includes three Regionally Important Geodiversity Sites (RIGS) which are registered for their limestone pavement, mineralogical and stratigraphical interests. Cadw has designated several Scheduled Ancient Monuments within the site including the prehistoric hillfort which covers all of the open hilltop on Moel Hiraddug and the cairn, cave and round barrow on the east slope of Bryn Gop.
Species mentioned
Show the 69 species mentioned in the description, with red-list statusPlant communities
CG9 — Limestone pavement, Lowland calcareous grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Sesleria albicans-Galium sterneri grassland
Show 107 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Carex capillaris, Carex caryophyllea, Carex eragrostis, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Selaginella selaginoides, Rhodobryum roseum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia barbata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania aspera, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pocillum, Cladonia rangiformis, Cornicularia aculeata, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium vulgare, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cochlearia alpina, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia verna, Parnassia palustris, Helianthemum oelandicum icanum, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentiana verna, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Dryas octopetala, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga hypnoides, Viola hirta, Viola riviniana, Viola rupestris, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Sesleria caerulea
CG10 — Brownfield, Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Thymus praecox grassland
Show 129 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pallens, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cetraria islandica, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Cirsium palustre, Hieraclium spp., Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Cardamine pratensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentianella campestris, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Euphrasia scottica, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla wichurae, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rubus idaeus, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma
CG11 — Upland calcareous grassland
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Alchemilla alpina grass-heath
Show 115 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola canina, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma
CG13 — Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland
Dryas octopetala-Carex flacca heath
Show 95 indicator speciesSalix repens, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rupestris, Schoenus nigricans, Luzula campestris, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Neckera complanata, Neckera crispa, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania undulata, Cladonia rangiformis, Solorina saccata, Daucus carota, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Neottia ovata, Orchis mascula, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Plantago media, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Polystichum aculeatum
CG14 — Mountain ledge
Dryas octopetala-Silene acaulis ledge community
Show 151 indicator speciesSalix arbuscula, Salix aurita, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix reticulata, Salix x boydii, Salix x phaeophylla, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rubus saxatilis, Salix herbacea, Carex atrata, Carex capillaris, Carex flacca, Carex pulicaris, Carex rupestris, Carex vaginata, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiobryum zieri, Plagiopus oederianus, Dicranum scoparium, Distichium capillaceum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Encalypta streptocarpa, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Abietinella abietina, Ctenidium molluscum, Entodon concinnus, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Orthothecium rufescens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum capillifolium, Barbilophozia barbata, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania aspera, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Metzgeria leptoneura, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Peltigera aphthosa, Peltigera canina, Solorina saccata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Crepis paludosa, Hieraclium spp., Pilosella officinarum, Saussurea alpina, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Arabis hirsuta, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium nigrescens, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Parnassia palustris, Sedum rosea, Equisetum variegatum, Orthilia secunda, Pyrola rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Gentianella campestris, Geranium sylvaticum, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica fruticans, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea, Asplenium viride, Polystichum lonchitis, Botrychium lunaria
M5 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush
Carex rostrata-Sphagnum squarrosum mire
Show 50 indicator speciesCarex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis
M10 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush
Carex dioica-Pinguicula vulgaris mire
Show 99 indicator speciesErica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum latifolium, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Schoenus ferrugineus, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus alpinoarticulatus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Catoscopium nigritum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum subnitens, Scapania aspera, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Minuartia stricta, Minuartia verna, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula lusitanica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Saxifraga aizoides, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea
M25 — Blanket bog, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland acid grassland
Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire
Show 85 indicator speciesSalix cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia urens, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Osmunda regalis
M26 — Limestone pavement, Purple moor grass and rush pasture
Molinia caerulea-Crepis paludosa mire
Show 63 indicator speciesCarex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Aulacomnium palustre, Plagiomnium undulatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium elodes, Climacium dendroides, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Leontodon hispidus, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium repens, Menyanthes trifoliata, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus auricomus, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis
M27 — Limestone pavement, Lowland fen, Upland spring flush
Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire
Show 104 indicator speciesCarex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum
OV38 — Limestone pavement, Scree
Gymnocarpium robertianum-Arrhenatherum elatius community
Show 58 indicator speciesRosa spinosissima, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Bryum capillare, Dicranum scoparium, Distichium capillaceum, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Grimmia pulvinata, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Schistidium apocarpum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidium rugosum, Tortella tortuosa, Cladonia pocillum, Centaurea nigra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Mycelis muralis, Pilosella officinarum, Tussilago farfara, Arabis hirsuta, Campanula rotundifolia, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium molle, Geranium robertianum, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Oxalis acetosella, Aquilegia vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Viola riviniana, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Dryopteris filix-mas, Cystopteris fragilis, Gymnocarpium robertianum
OV39 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope
Asplenium trichomanes-Asplenium ruta-muraria community
Show 53 indicator speciesBryum capillare, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Schistidium apocarpum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Syntrichia intermedia, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula muralis, Tortula ruralis, Tortula subulata, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Riccia sorocarpa, Targionia hypophylla, Cladonia pocillum, Dermatocarpon lachnaeum, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Squamarina cartilaginea, Toninia caeruleonigricans, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea scabiosa, Pilosella officinarum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Hornungia petraea, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Silene nutans, Sedum acre, Medicago lupulina, Geranium molle, Acinos arvensis, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Veronica arvensis, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Aira caryophyllea, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Aphanes arvensis, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Asplenium ceterach, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium trichomanes, Anogramma leptophylla
OV40 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope
Asplenium viride-Cystopteris fragilis community
Show 35 indicator speciesPlagiobryum zieri, Pohlia cruda, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium sericeum, Isopterygiopsis pulchella, Neckera crispa, Orthothecium intricatum, Orthothecium rufescens, Anoectangium aestivum, Tortella tortuosa, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Plagiochila porelloides, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Pellia endiviifolia, Solorina saccata, Campanula rotundifolia, Geranium robertianum, Thymus praecox, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum lonchitis, Anogramma leptophylla, Cystopteris fragilis
U2 — Brownfield, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland acid grassland
Deschampsia flexuosa grassland
Show 40 indicator speciesBetula pendula, Quercus hybrid, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Carex nigra, Eriophorum vaginatum, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus pyriformis, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Cladonia gracilis, Chamerion angustifolium, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa annua, Pteridium aquilinum
U3 — Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland acid grassland
Agrostis curtisii grassland
Show 34 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex binervis, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Hypochaeris radicata, Teucrium scorodonia, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteridium aquilinum
U4 — Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland
Show 82 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Lophocolea bidentata, Conopodium majus, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lolium perenne, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta
U5 — Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Nardus stricta-Galium saxatile grassland
Show 79 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia uncialis, Cirsium palustre, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Equisetum palustre, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Trifolium repens, Narthecium ossifragum, Plantago lanceolata, Polygala serpyllifolia, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant
U15 — Mountain ledge
Saxifraga aizoides-Alchemilla glabra banks
Show 97 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus articulatus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium stellatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Orthothecium rufescens, Palustriella commutatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Anoectangium aestivum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Leiocolea bantriensis, Lophocolea bidentata, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania undulata, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Angelica sylvestris, Crepis paludosa, Hieraclium spp., Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cochlearia officinalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Parnassia palustris, Sedum rosea, Equisetum pratense, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Asplenium viride, Cystopteris fragilis
U16 — Mountain ledge
Luzula sylvatica-Vaccinium myrtillus tall-herb community
Show 80 indicator speciesSalix lapponum, Fraxinus excelsior, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex nigra, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Conopodium majus, Crepis paludosa, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Geranium sylvaticum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, Athyrium filix-femina, Gymnocarpium dryopteris
U17 — Mountain ledge
Luzula sylvatica-Geum rivale tall-herb community
Show 167 indicator speciesSalix cinerea, Salix reticulata, Betula pubescens, Sorbus aucuparia, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Rubus saxatilis, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex vaginata, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hookeria lucens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium stellatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Herbertus stramineus, Lophocolea bidentata, Mastigophora woodsii, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila spinulosa, Scapania undulata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Arabis hirsuta, Cochlearia officinalis, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Silene dioica, Parnassia palustris, Sedum rosea, Orthilia secunda, Pyrola rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Mercurialis perennis, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Vicia sepium, Geranium sylvaticum, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Linum catharticum, Epilobium montanum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Orchis mascula, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica officinalis, Armeria maritima, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Thalictrum minus, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa glauca, Asplenium viride, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Polystichum lonchitis, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina, Cystopteris fragilis
U18 — Rocky slope, Scree
Cryptogramma crispa-Athyrium distentifolium snow-bed
Show 64 indicator speciesVaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Sanionia uncinata, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Polytrichum piliferum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia obtusa, Lophozia sudetica, Ptilidium ciliare, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera canina, Gnaphalium supinum, Cerastium fontanum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium distentifolium, Gymnocarpium dryopteris
U21 — Rocky slope, Scree
Cryptogramma crispa-Deschampsia flexuosa community
Show 54 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Mnium hornum, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Grimmia donniana, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum subnitens, Barbilophozia floerkei, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Thelypteris limbosperma
W9 — Altantic hazel wood, Limestone pavement, Upland mixed ash wood
Fraxinus excelsior-Sorbus aucuparia-Mercurialis perennis woodland
Show 136 indicator speciesHedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pallescens, Carex sylvatica, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens curnovii, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium succulentum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Adoxa moschatellina, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Arum maculatum, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Jacobaea vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, Cardamine flexuosa, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium robertianum, Geranium sylvaticum, Ajuga reptans, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Circaea x intermedia, Epilobium montanum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica montana, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Cruciata laevipes, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Asplenium scolopendrium, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina
W20 — Montane scrub
Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub
Show 107 indicator speciesSalix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis
W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub
Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub
Show 81 indicator speciesHedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas
W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub
Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub
Show 49 indicator speciesHedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas
W25 — Bracken scrub
Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub
Show 53 indicator speciesHedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas