Y Foryd
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Climate exposure
This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.
Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.
Habitats
Geology & landscape
Landscape processes: Coastal
Birds & fish recorded
Birds
| Species | Season |
|---|---|
| curlew | Breeding |
| curlew | Wintering |
| lapwing | Breeding |
| lapwing | Wintering |
| oystercatcher | Breeding |
| oystercatcher | Wintering |
| redshank | Breeding |
| redshank | Wintering |
| shelduck | Breeding |
| shelduck | Wintering |
| wigeon | Breeding |
| wigeon | Wintering |
Description
Description Y Foryd is of special interest for its ornithological and marine biological features, comprising dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii beds and their associated intertidal species and a nationally important over-wintering population of wigeon Mareca penelope. The site is a very shallow bar-built estuary located at the south-western entrance to the Menai Strait, approximately 3 km south-west of Caernarfon. The estuary consists of mudflats, sandflats, saltmarsh and reedbeds, with a shingle strandline along the eastern margin. The Afon Gwyrfai, Afon Foryd and the Afon Carrog drain into Y Foryd. Pastoral farmland and dunes surround the bay, and a dune-covered shingle spit constricts its entrance. The bay forms part of a network of estuaries at the south-western end of the Menai Strait that are used by wintering wildfowl and waders, and there is considerable interchange of these species between Y Foryd, the Cefni estuary and Traeth Melynog. Wigeon are the most abundant species of wildfowl on the estuary, and over-wintering numbers regularly exceed 1% of the British population, making Y Foryd a nationally important site for the species. Within Y Foryd, wigeon feed mainly on eelgrass Zostera and green seaweeds, as well as on coastal grassland and saltmarsh. Wigeon breed in Europe and northern Russia and their overwintering population in Britain peaks between December and February. Large flocks of shelduck, oystercatcher, lapwing, curlew and redshank also occur in the bay. The Estuary is of marine biological interest for its eelgrass beds and associated species which live in the sediment. The beds are important for their high productivity, which provide an important source of organic matter for other creatures in and around the bay, for their ability to stabilise marine sediment and because they provide shelter and a foundation for many species. They are also an important food source for water-fowl. Dwarf eelgrass, which is a nationally rare flowering plant, grows in three locations in the bay, covering some 20 ha, and the largest bed is on the north-western side of the site, near the mouth of the estuary. The plants grow in mud or sandy mud, and the associated community of species living in the sediment amongst the eelgrass consists of small burrowing animals such as ragworm Hediste diversicolor, Baltic tellin Macoma balthica, peppery furrow shell Scrobicularia plana and a species of the spire shell Hydrobia. Associated plants include gutweed Enteromorpha sp., and other green filamentous seaweed. The habitat diversity is increased further in some areas due to the presence of mussel Mytilus edulis beds, and the occasional presence of bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus. The saltmarsh at the site is largely dominated by common cord-grass Spartina anglica, with the fringes of the upper saltmarsh community consisting of common saltmarsh-grass Puccinellia maritima and red fescue Festuca rubra. At the saltmarsh’s seaward edge, a pioneer saltmarsh community dominated by glasswort Salicornia can be found. Remarks: Areas of the site below mean high water form part of Y Fenai a Bae Conwy/Menai Strait and Conwy Bay Special Area of Conservation (cSAC), under the EC Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora 1992). The site supports Intertidal Mudflats and Sandflats, a habitat listed on Annex I of the Directive. A short section of the Afon Gwyrfai’s channel within Y Foryd SSSI forms part of Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn cSAC. Y Foryd has been designated as a Local Nature Reserve and is managed by Cyngor Gwynedd.
Species mentioned
Show the 14 species mentioned in the description, with red-list status| English name search for this in other sites |
Latin name search with Google |
IUCN / Red List | Type | Family |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bladder wrack | Fucus vesiculosus | Not listed in GB list | algae brown | fucaceae |
| wigeon | Mareca penelope | LC (NonBreeding), NT (Breeding) | bird-duck | anatidae |
| shelduck | Tadorna tadorna | EN (NonBreeding), EN (Breeding) | bird-duck | anatidae |
| oystercatcher | Haematopus ostralegus | LC (Breeding) | bird-wader | haematopodidae |
| curlew | Numenius arquata | EN (Breeding) | bird-wader | scolopacidae |
| redshank | Tringa totanus | EN (NonBreeding) | bird-wader | scolopacidae |
| lapwing | Vanellus vanellus | VU (NonBreeding), EN (Breeding) | bird-wader | charadriidae |
| bivalve | Macoma balthica | Not listed in GB list | bivalve | tellinidae |
| blue mussel | Mytilus edulis | LC | bivalve | mytilidae |
| peppery furrow shell | Scrobicularia plana | Not listed in GB list | bivalve | semelidae |
| red fescue | Festuca rubra | LC | grass | poaceae |
| saltmarsh grass | Puccinellia maritima | LC | grass | poaceae |
| common cord grass | Spartina anglica | LC | grass | poaceae |
| estuary ragworms | Hediste diversicolor | Not listed in GB list | polychaete | nereididae |
Plant communities
MC6 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Hard cliff and cliff slope
Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community
Show 17 indicator speciesDaucus carota, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Malva arborea, Plantago coronopus, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra
SD1 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune
Rumex crispus-Glaucium flavum shingle community
Show 35 indicator speciesSolanum dulcamara, Crithmum maritimum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Helminthotheca echioides, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon saxatilis, Senecio viscosus, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Crambe maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Lathyrus japonicus, Geranium robertianum, Glaucium flavum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne
SD2 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune
Honkenya peploides-Cakile maritima strandline community
Show 30 indicator speciesSalsola kali, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex littoralis, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua
SD3 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune
Matricaria maritima-Galium aparine strandline community
Show 28 indicator speciesBolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Ligusticum scoticum, Matricaria discoidea, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Mertensia maritima, Cakile maritima, Cochlearia officinalis, Honckenya peploides, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua
SD4 — Sand dune
Elymus farctus ssp. boreali-atlanticus foredune community
Show 29 indicator speciesSalsola kali, Artemisia maritima, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Matricaria chamomilla, Senecio squalidus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex prostrata, Euphorbia paralias, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius
SD5 — Sand dune
Leymus arenarius mobile dune community
Show 25 indicator speciesBryum algovicum, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Cakile maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex prostrata, Chamerion angustifolium, Rumex crispus, Galium aparine, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa pratensis
SD6 — Sand dune
Ammophila arenaria mobile dune community
Show 49 indicator speciesLupinus arboreus, Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium albicans, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio squalidus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cynoglossum officinale, Cakile maritima, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Calystegia soldanellla, Euphorbia paralias, Euphorbia portlandica, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium repens, Eriodium cicutarium, Chamerion angustifolium, Linaria vulgaris, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus repens, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua, Poa pratensis
SD7 — Sand dune
Ammophila arenaria-Festuca rubra semi-fixed dune community
Show 96 indicator speciesCarex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Bryum argenteum, Bryum capillare, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Tortella flavovirens, Lophocolea bidentata, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiformis, Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Tussilago farfara, Myosotis ramosissima, Erophila verna, Campanula rotundifolia, Valerianella locusta, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Calystegia soldanellla, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium repens, Vicia lathyroides, Vicia sativa, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Chamerion angustifolium, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Acaena novae-zelandiae, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Viola canina, Viola riviniana, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Phleum arenarium, Poa pratensis
SD8 — Machair sand dune, Sand dune
Festuca rubra-Galium verum fixed dune grassland
Show 113 indicator speciesSalix repens, Rosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Brachythecium albicans, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Lophocolea bidentata, Cladonia rangiformis, Odontites verna, Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, Angelica sylvestris, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis arvensis, Myosotis ramosissima, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium arvense, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Sedum acre, Equisetum arvense, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Ononis repens, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia lathyroides, Gentianella amarella, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Neottia ovata, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum minus, Potentilla anserina, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pubescens, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Trisetum flavescens
SD9 — Sand dune
Ammophila arenaria-Arrhenatherum elatius dune grassland
Show 63 indicator speciesRosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Heracleum sphondylium, Pimpinella saxifraga, Torilis japonica, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis arvensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Silene latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Astragalus danicus, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia sativa, Geranium sanguineum, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Cruciata laevipes, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Pteridium aquilinum
SD10 — Sand dune
Carex arenaria dune community
Show 25 indicator speciesCarex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Achillea millefolium, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio vulgaris, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Astragalus danicus, Chamerion angustifolium, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla anserina, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha
SD11 — Sand dune
Carex arenaria-Cornicularia aculeata dune community
Show 51 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Brachythecium albicans, Hypnum cupressiforme, Rhytidium rugosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia rangiformis, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Logfia minima, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Campanula rotundifolia, Sedum acre, Astragalus danicus, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosella, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola canina, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Corynephorus canescens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Phleum arenarium
SD12 — Sand dune
Carex arenaria-Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris dune grassland
Show 55 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Carex arenaria, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Brachythecium albicans, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia furcata, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Astragalus danicus, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia lathyroides, Geranium molle, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica officinalis, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis
SD13 — Dune slack, Sand dune
Sagina nodosa-Bryum pseudotriquetrum dune-slack community
Show 49 indicator speciesSalix repens, Hippophae rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex serotina, Juncus articulatus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Amblystegium serpens, Didymodon tophaceus, Moerckia hibernica, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Mentha aquatica, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Rubus caesius, Galium verum, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis
SD14 — Dune slack, Sand dune
Salix repens-Campylium stellatum dune-slack community
Show 102 indicator speciesSalix caprea, Salix repens, Hippophae rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex serotina, Cladium mariscus, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Leiocolea badensis, Lophocolea bidentata, Moerckia hibernica, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Eupatorium cannabinum, Jacobaea erucifolia, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Succisa pratensis, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium pulchellum, Gentianella amarella, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Epipactis palustris, Gymnadenia conopsea, Liparis loeselii, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Polygala vulgaris, Anagallis tenella, Glaux maritima, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Viola riviniana, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum
SD15 — Dune slack, Sand dune
Salix repens-Calliergon cuspidatum dune-slack community
Show 89 indicator speciesSalix caprea, Salix repens, Solanum dulcamara, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Juncus subnodulosus, Brachythecium mildeanum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Homalothecium lutescens, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium palustre, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Epipactis palustris, Plantago lanceolata, Anagallis tenella, Glaux maritima, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Arrhenatherum elatius, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum
SD16 — Dune slack, Sand dune
Salix repens-Holcus lanatus dune-slack community
Show 88 indicator speciesSalix caprea, Salix repens, Betula pubescens, Quercus robur, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex serotina, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Luzula campestris, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Lophocolea bidentata, Moerckia hibernica, Pellia endiviifolia, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Erigeron acris, Eupatorium cannabinum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Mentha aquatica, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Anagallis tenella, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis
SD17 — Dune slack, Sand dune
Potentilla anserina-Carex nigra dune-slack community
Show 85 indicator speciesSalix caprea, Salix repens, Carex arenaria, Carex disticha, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Plagiomnium rostratum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Homalothecium lutescens, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Lophocolea bidentata, Odontites verna, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Persicaria maculosa, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis
SD18 — Sand dune
Hippophae rhamnoides dune scrub
Show 57 indicator speciesSalix repens, Sambucus nigra, Hippophae rhamnoides, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cynoglossum officinale, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina procumbens, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia soldanellla, Convolvulus arvensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Glechoma hederacea, Montia perfoliata, Chamerion angustifolium, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Plantago lanceolata, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Phleum arenarium, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis
SD19 — Sand dune
Phleum arenarium-Arenaria serpyllifolia dune annual community
Show 45 indicator speciesCarex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium albicans, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Tortella flavovirens, Tortella tortuosa, Peltigera canina, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris glabra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Logfia minima, Erophila verna, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Geranium molle, Thymus praecox, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Galium verum, Viola tricolor, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Catapodium marinum, Festuca rubra, Mibora minima, Phleum arenarium, Poa pratensis, Vulpia fasciculata
SM1 — Salt marsh
Zostera communities
Show 15 indicator speciesZostera angustifolia, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei, Spartina anglica, Porphyra umbilicalis, Chondria dasyphylla, Polysiphonia nigra, Chara aspera, Chaetomorpha linum, Chaetomorpha tortuosa, Cladophora battersii, Cladophora retroflexa, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Fucus spiralis
SM3 — Salt marsh
Eleocharis parvula salt-marsh community
Show 1 indicator speciesEleocharis parvula
SM4 — Salt marsh
Spartina maritima salt-marsh community
Show 6 indicator speciesSuaeda maritima, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima
SM5 — Salt marsh
Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh community
Show 3 indicator speciesPuccinellia maritima, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina anglica
SM6 — Salt marsh
Spartina anglica salt-marsh community
Show 14 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Catenella caespitosa, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus vesiculosus ecad volubilis
SM7 — Salt marsh
Arthrocnemum perenne stands
Show 9 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides
SM8 — Salt marsh
Annual Salicornia salt-marsh community
Show 6 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica
SM9 — Salt marsh
Suaeda maritima salt-marsh community
Show 6 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica
SM10 — Salt marsh
Transitional low-marsh vegetation with Puccinellia maritima annual Salicornia species and Suaeda maritima
Show 10 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica
SM11 — Salt marsh
Aster tripolium var. discoideus salt-marsh community
Show 12 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata
SM12 — Salt marsh
Rayed Aster Tripolium on slat marshes
Show 13 indicator speciesSchoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica
SM13 — Salt marsh
Puccinellia maritima salt-marsh community
Show 23 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus cottonii
SM14 — Salt marsh
Halimione portulacoides salt-marsh community
Show 16 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica
SM15 — Salt marsh
Juncus maritimus-Triglochin maritima salt-marsh community
Show 24 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Carex extensa, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Oenanthe lachenalii, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Fucus cottonii
SM16 — Salt marsh
Festuca rubra salt-marsh community
Show 30 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex flacca, Juncus gerardii, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Puccinellia maritima
SM17 — Salt marsh
Artemisia maritima salt-marsh community
Show 24 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Hordeum marinum, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima
SM18 — Salt marsh
Juncus maritimus salt-marsh community
Show 32 indicator speciesCarex distans, Carex extensa, Carex otrubae, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Amblystegium serpens, Kindbergia praelonga, Oenanthe lachenalii, Cirsium arvense, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus
SM19 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh
Blysmus rufus salt-marsh community
Show 26 indicator speciesBlysmus rufus, Carex extensa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Amblystegium serpens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus polygamus, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima
SM20 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh
Eleocharis uniglumis salt-marsh community
Show 25 indicator speciesBolboschoenus maritimus, Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Atriplex hastata, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra
SM21 — Salt marsh
Suaeda vera-Limonium binervosum salt-marsh community
Show 21 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Sagina maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium bellidifolium, Limonium binervosum, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima
SM22 — Salt marsh
Halimione portulacoides-Frankenia laevis salt-marsh community
Show 14 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima
SM23 — Salt marsh
Spergularia marina-Puccinellia distans salt-marsh community
Show 18 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima
SM24 — Salt marsh
Elymus pycnanthus salt-marsh community
Show 24 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Sonchus arvensis, Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Beta vulgaris sp maritima, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima
SM25 — Salt marsh
Suaeda vera drift-line community
Show 20 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex littoralis, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Pelvetia canaliculata
SM26 — Salt marsh
Inula crithmoides stands
Show 14 indicator speciesAtriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides
SM28 — Salt marsh
Elymus repens salt-marsh community
Show 51 indicator speciesBolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus gerardii, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Calystegia sepium, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus altissima, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Puccinellia maritima, Schedonorus arundinaceus