Pen y Gogarth / Great Ormes Head

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 53.3336, -3.8540

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Also within

Clwyd County

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Habitats

Bracken scrub, Hard cliff and cliff slope, Limestone pavement, Maritime cliff, Mixed scrub, Montane scrub

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Cave / Cavern, Gorge / Ravine · Mining / Industrial: Copper Mine · Geological Period: Carboniferous · Rock Type: Carboniferous Limestone, Chalk, Dolomite, Glacial Till, Limestone

Landscape processes: Coastal, Fluvial, Glacial, Karst

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
cormorant Breeding
guillemot Breeding
kittiwake Breeding
razorbill Breeding

Fish

SpeciesSeason
Grayling Unknown

Description

Description Pen y Gogarth/great Ormes Head is of special interest for its geological, botanical, entomological, ornithological and marine biological features. The limestone headland, which rises to a height of 207 m, includes sea cliffs and boulder strewn shores, and extends for nearly 8km along the North Wales coastline, separating Conwy Bay and Llandudno Bay. There are sheer limestone cliffs on the north-eastern side, with less severe slopes with a series of low tiers of limestone ridges falling to soft sediment cliffs to the south-west. The site supports the following features of special interest. The site is significant for its Carboniferous Limestone which contains nationally important faunal assemblages in coastal cliffs, inland outcrops, disused quarries and road sections. Additionally, the great Orme Copper Mines provide the best UK example of an internationally important class of ore referred to as the Copper-Dolomite association. The limestone and associated sedimentary deposits supports sizable areas of calcicolous (lime-loving) grassland, limestone and acidic heath, maritime cliff vegetation and a mixture of other plant communities and habitats. The endemic wild cotoneaster Cotoneaster cambricus, spiked speedwell Veronica spicata ssp. hybrida, goldilocks aster Aster linosyris and spotted cat’s-ear Hypochaeris maculata and a variety of nationally scarce species are present, along with an isolated population of horseshoe vetch Hippocrepis comosa, here at its only site in North Wales and the rare, nationally endemic Welsh hawkweed, Hieracium cambrense. An assemblage of bryophytes and lichens including the nationally vulnerable species Scytinium fragile and Synalissa symphorea are present. The great Orme supports populations of the silky wave moth Idaea dilutaria, silver-studded blue Plebejus argus and grayling Hipparchia semele thyone endemic butterflies. It also supports the weevil Helianthemapion aciculare, the rare pollen beetle Meligethes brevis and a large grassland invertebrate assemblage. It has the largest extent of moderately exposed rock, supporting a complete zonation of marine biotopes as well as specialised and nationally scarce animals and algae most typically associated with rock pool, cave and limestone rock habitats found between The great Orme and the Solway Firth. The sea cliffs regularly support a large colony of breeding sea birds. Geology: There are two separate geological features on the great Orme. great Orme (Lower Carboniferous) - Historically one of the classic Dinantian sites in Wales, the great Orme is one of the most widely known Carboniferous Limestone faunal sites in Britain and is the type-locality for numerous species. Its Asbian-Brigantian section has received little sedimentological or palaeoecological study in modern terms and has great research potential. The locality is of great importance for studies of Welsh palaeogeography, sedimentation and faunas in the late Dinantian. great Orme Copper Mines (Mineralogy of Wales) - The old copper mines on the great Orme headland constitute the first and prime UK example of the internationally important class of ore deposits referred to as the Copper-Dolomite association. In other metallogenic provinces of the world, this class of mineralization is spatially associated with cogenetic, exhalative lead-zinc deposits of the Irish type. The primary mineralization at great Orme consists of chalcopyrite crystals scattered over a dolomite gangue, in a matrix of cavernous and highly dolomitized Carboniferous Limestone. This mineralization also includes Mississippi Valley Type vein-type lead and uraniferous hydrocarbons, with which attempts have been made radiometrically to date the mineralization. Secondary modification of the primary carbonates and sulphides has led to the development of a complex, multiphase supergene assemblage featuring several generations of malachite and calcite. The great Orme is also of international archaeological importance as a site of Bronze Age copper mining, and as such has been the focus of much excavation, which continues to reveal many features of metallogenic and archaeological interest. Biology: The distribution of the grassland and heath plant communities is intimately bound to the pattern of soils, which in turn are influenced by slope and aspect. Soils are derived from three main sources, limestone bedrock, wind blown sand or loess and glacial till. The former gives rise to base-rich shallow soils with an organic-enriched mineral surface horizon, whilst the latter two give rise to deeper soils less influenced by the underlying limestone. All soils are free-draining. The combination of bedrock, soils, topography and bioclimatic conditions interacting with past and present human activities has given rise to a complex mosaic of plant communities, exemplified in the zonations between acid heath, various forms of limestone heath and limestone grassland and vegetated sea cliffs, all of which are of outstanding ecological interest. The occurrence of medieval ridge and furrow and older field enclosures indicate past cultivation of some of the site. Maritime influences upon the heath and grassland are not strong with only local occurrences of species such as sea plantain Plantago maritima, spring squill Scilla verna and thrift Armeria maritima. The latter occurs either in association with grassy ledges amongst the sea cliffs on the northern and western sides or where there are spoil banks arising from old mine sites. The rockiest and thinnest soils (to 4 cm deep) occupy the drought prone edges and tops of the tiers of south facing limestone cliffs and crags. This supports open short turf containing sheep’s fescue Festuca ovina, crested hair grass Koeleria macrantha, meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis and quaking grass Briza media with abundant herbs that include wild thyme Thymus polytrichus, salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba, carline thistle Carlina vulgaris, common rock rose Helianthemum nummularium, kidney vetch Anthyllis vulneraria and the nationally scarce hoary rock-rose Helianthemum oelandicum. The great Orme supports the largest expanse of this grassland type in great Britain. Mosses such as Weissia controversa, Tortella tortuosa and Trichostomum brachydontium are also common. Where soils are deeper (to 15 cm deep) on less steep slopes away from cliff and crag tops, the most extensive grassland community is a closed sward of grasses and sedges, including sheep’s fescue, crested hair-grass, quaking grass, common bent Agrostis capillaris, spring sedge Carex caryophyllea and glaucous sedge Carex flacca. Herbs remain prominent with common rock-rose, salad burnet, wild thyme, common bird’s-foot-trefoil Lotus corniculatus, lady’s bedstraw Galium verum, dropwort Filipendula ulmaria, and harebell Campanula rotundifolia among the most frequent of the many species present. Spring squill Scilla verna occurs where maritime influences are greatest. Mosses common in this sward include Dicranum scoparium and Pseudoscleropodium purum. Local modifications to this sward brought about by either more intensive livestock grazing or the trampling of the many visitors reduce the moss component and lead to increases in species such as crested dog’s-tail Cynosurus cristatus and white clover Trifolium repens. Overlooking Llandudno, on south-facing slopes where grazing is less intense, is a taller rank sward where downy oat grass Avenula pubescens and red fescue Festuca rubra are the principal grasses and where fewer herbs such as wild thyme and mouse-ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum occur. In extreme cases this gives way to scrub encroachment by for example, gorse Ulex europaeus, non-native shrubs including Cotoneaster spp. and secondary woodland dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior. North-facing slopes support small stands of a grassland dominated by sheep’s fescue, common bent and thyme Thymus praecox and includes species indicative of cooler, shadier and less base-rich conditions such as tormentil Potentilla erecta, common dog violet Viola riviniana, heath grass Danthonia decumbens, and the mosses Hylocomium splendens and Thuidium tamariscinum. The bulk of the heath vegetation is dominated by heather, Calluna vulgaris and western gorse Ulex gallii mainly where lenses of loess overlie glacigenic deposits on the less steep slopes. The heath occurs in an intimate mosaic with the grassland communities throughout the site and also includes a vegetation type characterised as calcicolous grass heath where western gorse is conspicuous by its virtual absence but where ericoids are abundant. This heath also contains many species typical of the ‘species-rich’ calcicolous grassland. The area occupied by calcicolous grass heath is similar in extent to the heather and western gorse heath, where western gorse is co-dominant with bell heather Erica cinerea. This heath can be described in three forms; species-poor, where the dominant shrubs form a tall closed canopy with small amounts of heather and herbs such as harebell, heath bedstraw Galium saxatile and tormentil are present but rare, shorter and more open heath, where grasses such as heath-grass and bent Agrostis spp. are present in quantity with other herbs that include slender St John’s-wort Hypericum pulchrum and very open species-rich heath, where the dominant shrubs share dominance with calcicolous species that include common rock-rose, dropwort, glaucous sedge, wild thyme and common bird’s-foot-trefoil making it floristically very similar to the sheep’s fescue and meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis grassland that often occurs in close proximity. There are a number of both calcicolous (lime-loving) and calcifugous (lime-hating) species present in this species-rich heath vegetation. Salad burnet, lady’s bedstraw, quaking-grass and fairy flax Linum catharticum are calcicolous species, whereas slender St John’s-wort, heath-grass and tormentil are calcifugous. Almost entirely confined to the north-facing slopes above and below the Marine Drive to the east of the lighthouse and only thinly scattered elsewhere is a different heath vegetation, characterized by heather and bell heather Erica cinerea which is present in small quantity. This short vegetation also contains bent, sheep’s fescue and tormentil but with few calcicolous species. The intergrading mixtures of limestone grassland and dry heathland are particularly well displayed at great Ormes Head, and there are extensive repeated sequences of limestone grassland and basic to acidic heath along the south-western flank of the promontory. Limestone pavements at the western end have grikes (cracks in the rock) containing a rich scrub woodland flora that includes blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, ivy Hedera helix, wild madder Rubia peregrina, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, lords-and-ladies Arum maculatum, dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis and herb-robert Geranium robertianum. In addition, the ferns black spleenwort Asplenium adiantum-nigrum hart’s-tongue Asplenium scolopendrium and brittle bladder-fern Cystopteris fragilis are present. The occurrence of Danish scurvygrass Cochlearia danica and pellitory-of-the-wall Parietaria judaica here is unique for limestone pavement in North Wales. The precipitous cliffs to the west of the lighthouse and above the Marine Drive at Pen Trwyn support a maritime cliff-ledge community with wild cabbage Brassica oleracea, thrift and sea plantain clinging onto narrow ledges and crevices in the sheer cliff faces accompanied by calcicolous species intolerant of livestock grazing such as bloody cranesbill Geranium sanguineum. Other vegetation includes dense stands of bracken Pteridium aquilinum where soils are deepest in the vicinity of Pant yr Eglwys, Mynydd Isaf and the glacial till slopes to the west of Llys Helig Drive where they present a threat to grassland and species-rich heath. Small stands of secondary woodland occupy the steepest slopes above Llandudno where livestock grazing has diminished since the nineteenth century. These have a canopy of ash Fraxinus excelsior and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus over a shrub layer of hawthorn, hazel Corylus avellana and elder Sambucus nigra. The ground and field layer are dominated by dog’s mercury, false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum, ivy and bramble Rubus fruticosus. Scrubby fringes of this woodland support the nationally scarce ivy broomrape Orobanche hederae. Important species present on the site that have a disjunct distribution in the British Isles include hoary rock-rose, goldilocks aster Aster linosyris, spotted cat’s-ear Hypochaeris maculata spiked speedwell Veronica spicata ssp. hybrida, Nottingham catchfly Silene nutans and hutchinsia Hornungia petraea. A northern element is represented by mountain everlasting Antennaria dioica, spring sandwort Minuartia verna and dark-red helleborine Epipactis helleborine. Other rare species of note include Welsh hawkweed Hieracium cambrense, spring cinquefoil Potentilla tabernaemontani and white horehound Marrubium vulgare. A large population of horseshoe vetch occurs here, remote from its main centre of distribution. The native endemic species wild cotoneaster Cotoneaster cambricus is present at its only location in the world where a small population maintains a grip on limestone crags. This site supports a notable assemblage of rock and soil-inhabiting bryophytes and lichens, characteristic of Carboniferous Limestone cliff, outcrops and crevices. The lichen population includes the nationally vulnerable species Scytinium fragile and Synalissa symphorea and the nationally rare Opegrapha parasitica and Rinodina immersa. The bryophyte population includes the nationally rare species Bryum funckii and Entosthodon pulchellus. The limestone grasslands of the great Orme support an outstanding assemblage of invertebrates. The majority of the most significant species are thermophilous i.e. they are confined to the hot, south and west facing slopes of the headland, particularly where mosaics of low scrub and herb-rich grassland develop under reduced grazing pressure. The site is especially noteworthy for two unique butterfly sub-species, the grayling Hipparchia semele thyone and the silver-studded blue Plebejus argus, whilst the weevil Helianthemapion aciculare occurs here at its only British site. The latter two species breed on luxuriant growth of the rockrose and this plant is also the host for the nationally rare pollen beetle Meligethes brevis, which occurs here in its strongest British population. Rockrose is also believed to be the main food plant of the silky wave moth Idaea dilutaria, which is otherwise known in Britain only from the South Gower coast and the Avon Gorge. Another highly restricted species nationally is the horehound plume moth Wheeleria spilodactylus which feeds as a larva on white horehound Marrubium vulgare growing in disturbed limestone grassland. Other scarce invertebrate species of the grasslands on the great Orme include the chalk carpet moth Scotopteryx bipunctaria, the ground beetle Amara curta, the weevil Limobius borealis and the spider Episinus truncatus. In a few places where springs emanate from the limestone slopes shallow seepages support an important fly fauna which includes the nationally rare craneflies Dicranomyia goritiensis and Orimarga virgo and the scarce soldier-flies Oxycera pygmaea and Oxycera pardalina. The site is important as it supports the largest breeding colony of seabirds in the East Gwynedd Area of Search. These occur on the sea cliffs predominantly between March and August of each year and include guillemot Uria aalge, razorbill Alca torda, and kittiwake Rissa tridactyla. Breeding pairs of cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo and shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis are also present. The headland caves support hibernating populations of lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros. Marine Biology: The marine biology of the site is of special interest because the shoreline is the largest extent of moderately exposed rock between the great Ormes Head and the Solway Firth. In addition, it exhibits the best example of intertidal moderately exposed rock communities expected to occur on this type of coastline. A complete zonation of marine communities on cliff faces and across the shoreline, occurs with a variety of specialised habitats and species associated with cave, boulder and rock pool habitats. Nationally important populations of ‘piddock’ rock-boring bivalves Pholadidae spp. occur in a continuous band around the headland on rock outcrops and boulders amongst oarweed Laminaria digitata or serrated wrack Fucus serratus seaweeds. Steep sea cliffs exhibit an almost uninterrupted zonation with broad bands of yellow and grey lichens, the black tar lichen Verrucaria maura, acorn barnacles Chthamalus montagui, Semibalanus balanoides and limpets Patella vulgata, and the common mussel Mytilus edulis. The western extent of the intertidal adjacent to Hornby Cave has the greatest wave exposure, here acorn barnacles and common mussels dominate the mid shore, whereas less exposed eastward cliffs display a zonation of the red seaweeds carragheen moss Mastocarpus stellatus and dulse Osmundea pinnatifida amongst serrated wrack and oarweed to seaward. All of the lower shore rock and boulder is pitted with ‘piddock’ holes. Within the eastward cliffs are numerous narrow caves of varying depth which support sponges including Halichondria panicea, Hymeniacidon perleve, Halisarca dujardinii and Myxilla incrustans, anemones Sagartia elegans, Actinia equina and Metridium senile, and sea squirts such as Dendrodoa grossularia, Botryllus schlosseri and Morchellium argus. Broken cliffs above bedrock and boulder platforms are found on the north side of the site. Here the shore is wider and consequently, whilst exhibiting a similar zonation to the vertical cliffs, there are broader bands of acorn barnacles and limpets with distinct areas of brown and red seaweeds such as dulce Palmaria palmata and occasional carragheen moss Mastocarpus stellatus. Frequent seepages of freshwater through the rock substrata promote ephemeral seaweeds such as gutweed Enteromorpha species. Mid to upper shore mobile cobbles and boulders are sparsely colonised, whereas lower shore examples have ephemeral gutweed and laver seaweed Porphyra purpurea. The eastern extent of the intertidal between Pen Trwyn and Llandudno pier is similarly composed of boulders in front of hard limestone rock. The lichen zonation continues around the shoreline where hard rock backs the shore. Channel wrack Pelvetia canaliculata and spiral wrack Fucus spiralis with an abundance of acorn barnacles and periwinkles Littorina spp., occuring to seaward. Knotted wrack Ascophyllum nodosum is more typical of sheltered upper shores. An area of large common mussels occur to seaward with serrated wrack, dulse or carragheen moss. As boulder size decreases near low water mark, serrated wrack is superceded by wide bands of oarweed. Large under-boulder communities of common starfish Asterias rubens, edible crab Cancer pagurus and velvet swimming crab Necora puber are common. Larger boulder shaded overhangs are dominated by sponges such as Hymeniacidon perleve, the breadcrumb sponge Halichondria panicea and red algae such as dulce, Membranoptera alata and Plocamium cartilagineum. Sea squirts such as Botryllus schlosseri, Botrylloides leachi and Aplidium spp. and bryozoans such as Cradoscrupocellaria reptans with abundant ‘dead man’s fingers’ Alcyonium digitatum, occur lower down the shore. Remarks: 1. Part of the site is leased by the North Wales Wildlife Trust. 2. Terrestrial areas of the site support ‘European Dry Heath’, ‘Semi-Natural Dry Grassland’ and ‘Vegetated Sea Cliff’ habitat as described under Annex 1 of the EC Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora) these are a component part of the great Ormes Head / Pen y Gogarth Special Area of Conservation (SAC). 3. The intertidal section of this site contains ‘reef’ habitat features as described under Annex 1 of the EC Habitats Directive. Areas of this site below Mean Low Water mark are part of the Y Fenai a Bae Conwy/Menai Strait and Conwy Bay SAC. 4. Wild cotoneaster and spiked speedwell are schedule 8 species in the Wildlife and Countryside Act (as amended). 5. Wild cotoneaster, goldilocks aster, hairy-fruited cornsalad, Welsh hawkweed and spotted cat’s-ear are Red Data Book species. 6. The lichens Scytinium fragile and Synalissa symphorea are listed as ‘vulnerable’ in the Red Data Book list. 7. The grayling, silver-studded blue, silky wave moth and horehound plume moth, and the weevil Helianthemapion aciculare and the pollen beetle Meligethes brevis are Red Data Book species.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
egg wrack Ascophyllum nodosum Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
serrated wrack Fucus serratus Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
spiraled wrack Fucus spiralis Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
oar weed Laminaria digitata Not listed in GB list algae brown laminariaceae
channel wrack Pelvetia canaliculata Not listed in GB list algae brown fucaceae
grape pip weed Mastocarpus stellatus Not listed in GB list algae red phyllophoraceae
winged weed Membranoptera alata Not listed in GB list algae red delesseriaceae
pepper dulse Osmundea pinnatifida Not listed in GB list algae red rhodomelaceae
dulse Palmaria palmata Not listed in GB list algae red palmariaceae
cock's comb Plocamium cartilagineum Not listed in GB list algae red plocamiaceae
beadlet anenome Actinia equina Not listed in GB list anemone actiniidae
plumose anemone Metridium senile Not listed in GB list anemone metridiidae
anemone Sagartia elegans Not listed in GB list anemone sagartiidae
acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides Not listed in GB list barnacle archaeobalanidae
lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros LC bat vespertillonidae
Phalacrocorax aristotelis Not listed in GB list bird phalacrocoracidae
razorbill Alca torda LC (Breeding) bird-auk alcidae
guillemot Uria aalge LC (Breeding) bird-auk alcidae
shag Gulosus aristotelis VU (Breeding) bird-frigate fregatidae
cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo NT (Breeding) bird-frigate fregatidae
kittiwake Rissa tridactyla EN (Breeding) bird-gull laridae
blue mussel Mytilus edulis LC bivalve mytilidae
no common name bryozoan Cradoscrupocellaria reptans Not listed in GB list bryozoan candidae
grayling Hipparchia semele EN butterfly nymphalidae
silver studded blue Plebejus argus VU butterfly lycaenidae
edible crab Cancer pagurus Not listed in GB list crustacean cancridae
Chthamalus montagui Not listed in GB list crustacean chthamalidae
common starfish Asterias rubens Not listed in GB list echinoderm asteriidae
black spleenwort Asplenium adiantum-nigrum LC fern aspleniaceae
hart's-tongue fern Asplenium scolopendrium LC fern aspleniaceae
brittle bladder fern Cystopteris fragilis CR fern woodsiaceae
bracken Pteridium aquilinum LC fern dennstaedtiaceae
Dicranomyia goritiensis Not listed in GB list fly limoniidae
hill soldier fly Oxycera pardalina LC fly stratiomyidae
common bent Agrostis capillaris LC grass poaceae
meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
downy oat grass Avenula pubescens LC grass poaceae
wood false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum LC grass poaceae
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus LC grass poaceae
heath grass Danthonia decumbens NT grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha NT grass poaceae
wood anemone Anemone nemorosa LC herb ranunculaceae
mountain everlasting Antennaria dioica VU herb asteraceae
lady's fingers (kidney vetch) Anthyllis vulneraria NT herb fabaceae
thrift Armeria maritima CR herb plumbaginaceae
lords and ladies Arum maculatum LC herb araceae
goldilocks aster Aster linosyris Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
wild cabbage Brassica oleracea LC herb brassicaceae
harebell Campanula rotundifolia LC herb campanulaceae
carline thistle Carlina vulgaris LC herb asteraceae
Danish scurvygrass Cochlearia danica LC herb brassicaceae
broad-leaved helleborine Epipactis helleborine DD herb orchidaceae
meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria LC herb rosaceae
heath bedstraw Galium saxatile LC herb rubiaceae
lady's bedstraw Galium verum LC herb rubiaceae
herb Robert Geranium robertianum LC herb geraniaceae
bloody cranesbill Geranium sanguineum LC herb geraniaceae
rock roses Helianthemum nummularium VU herb cistaceae
Welsh hawkweed Hieracium cambrense Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
horseshoe vetch Hippocrepis comosa VU herb fabaceae
hutchinsia Hornungia petraea NT herb brassicaceae
slender St John's-wort Hypericum pulchrum LC herb hypericaceae
spotted cat's-ear Hypochaeris maculata VU herb asteraceae
fairy flax Linum catharticum LC herb linaceae
birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus LC herb fabaceae
white horehound Marrubium vulgare VU herb lamiaceae
dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis LC herb euphorbiaceae
spring sandwort Minuartia verna Not listed in GB list herb carophyllaceae
ivy broomrape Orobanche hederae LC herb orobanchaceae
pellitory of the wall Parietaria judaica LC herb urticaceae
mouse_ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum LC herb asteraceae
sea plantain Plantago maritima LC herb plantaginaceae
tormentil Potentilla erecta LC herb rosaceae
spring cinquefoil Potentilla tabernaemontani Not listed in GB list herb rosaceae
salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba VU herb rosaceae
madder Rubia peregrina LC herb rosaceae
bramble Rubus fruticosus LC herb rosaceae
spring squill Scilla verna LC herb liliaceae
Nottingham catchfly Silene nutans VU herb carophyllaceae
wild thyme Thymus polytrichus Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
creeping thyme Thymus praecox Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
white clover Trifolium repens LC herb fabaceae
spiked speedwell Veronica spicata LC herb plantaginaceae
common dog violet Viola riviniana LC herb violaceae
Dendrodoa grossularia Not listed in GB list invertebrate styelidae
Scytinium fragile VU lichen collemataceae
sea tar Verrucaria maura Not listed in GB list lichen no common name
Halisarca dujardinii Not listed in GB list marine invertebrate halisarcidae
broom fork moss Dicranum scoparium LC moss dicranales
Entosthodon pulchellus NT moss funariaceae
glittering wood moss Hylocomium splendens LC moss hypnales
neat feather moss Pseudoscleropodium purum LC moss hypnales
common tamarisk moss Thuidium tamariscinum LC moss hypnales
frizzled crisp moss Tortella tortuosa LC moss pottiales
variable crisp moss Trichostomum brachydontium LC moss pottiales
green tufted stubble moss Weissia controversa LC moss pottiales
silky wave Idaea dilutaria R moth geometridae
chalk carpet Scotopteryx bipunctaria Not listed in GB list moth geometridae
no common name Wheeleria spilodactylus Not listed in GB list moth pterophoridae
sea squirt Botrylloides leachi Not listed in GB list seasquirt styelidae
star ascidian Botryllus schlosseri Not listed in GB list seasquirt styelidae
sea squirt Morchellium argus Not listed in GB list seasquirt polyclinidae
spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea NT sedge cyperaceae
glaucus sedge Carex flacca LC sedge cyperaceae
hawthorn Crataegus monogyna LC shrub rosaceae
wild privet Ligustrum vulgare LC shrub oleaceae
blackthorn Prunus spinosa LC shrub rosaceae
elder Sambucus nigra LC shrub caprifoliaceae
gorse Ulex europaeus LC shrub leguminosae
western gorse Ulex gallii LC shrub leguminosae
bell heather or ling Calluna vulgaris NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
wild cotoneaster Cotoneaster cambricus CR shrub dwarf rosaceae
bell heather Erica cinerea NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
breadcomb sponge Halichondria panicea Not listed in GB list sponge halichondriidae
sponge Hymeniacidon perleve Not listed in GB list sponge halichondriidae
sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Not listed in GB list tree aceraceae
hazel Corylus avellana LC tree corylaceae
ash Fraxinus excelsior LC tree oleaceae
ivy Hedera helix LC woody climber araliaceae

Plant communities

CG9 — Limestone pavement, Lowland calcareous grassland, Upland calcareous grassland

Sesleria albicans-Galium sterneri grassland

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Carex capillaris, Carex caryophyllea, Carex eragrostis, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Selaginella selaginoides, Rhodobryum roseum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia barbata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania aspera, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pocillum, Cladonia rangiformis, Cornicularia aculeata, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium vulgare, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cochlearia alpina, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia verna, Parnassia palustris, Helianthemum oelandicum icanum, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentiana verna, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Dryas octopetala, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga hypnoides, Viola hirta, Viola riviniana, Viola rupestris, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Sesleria caerulea

CG10 — Brownfield, Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland

Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Thymus praecox grassland

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pallens, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cetraria islandica, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Cirsium palustre, Hieraclium spp., Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Cardamine pratensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentianella campestris, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Euphrasia scottica, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla wichurae, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rubus idaeus, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma

CG13 — Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland

Dryas octopetala-Carex flacca heath

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rupestris, Schoenus nigricans, Luzula campestris, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Neckera complanata, Neckera crispa, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania undulata, Cladonia rangiformis, Solorina saccata, Daucus carota, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Neottia ovata, Orchis mascula, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Plantago media, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Polystichum aculeatum

H7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Scilla verna heath

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Erica vagans, Juniperus communis, Ulex europaeus, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex serotina, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Frullania tamarisci, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia rangiformis, Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Hypochaeris radicata, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Jasione montana, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Genista pilosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Filipendula vulgaris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Chara curta

H8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope, Lowland dry heath, Upland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Ulex gallii heath

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex pilulifera, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Hypochaeris radicata, Jasione montana, Lotus corniculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Linum catharticum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lactea, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta

M5 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Sphagnum squarrosum mire

Carex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M10 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush

Carex dioica-Pinguicula vulgaris mire

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum latifolium, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Schoenus ferrugineus, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus alpinoarticulatus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Catoscopium nigritum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum subnitens, Scapania aspera, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Minuartia stricta, Minuartia verna, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula lusitanica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Saxifraga aizoides, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea

M26 — Limestone pavement, Purple moor grass and rush pasture

Molinia caerulea-Crepis paludosa mire

Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Aulacomnium palustre, Plagiomnium undulatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium elodes, Climacium dendroides, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Leontodon hispidus, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium repens, Menyanthes trifoliata, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus auricomus, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M27 — Limestone pavement, Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire

Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum

MC1 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Crithmum maritimum-Spergularia rupicola maritime rock-crevice community

Tortella flavovirens, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Inula crithmoides, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium diffusum, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium binervosum, Catapodium marinum, Festuca rubra, Parapholis incurva, Asplenium marinum

MC2 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Armeria maritima-Ligusticum scoticum maritime rock-crevice community

Schistidium maritimum, Ligusticum scoticum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Sedum rosea, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Asplenium marinum

MC3 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Rhodiola rosea-Armeria maritima 36-ledge community

Angelica sylvestris, Ligusticum scoticum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Sedum rosea, Lotus corniculatus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus

MC4 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Brassica oleracea 36-ledge community

Daucus carota, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium arvense, Echium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Brassica nigra, Brassica oleracea, Cheiranthus cheiri, Silene nutans, Silene uniflora, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Ononis repens, Teucrium scorodonia, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Potentilla reptans, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Schedonorus arundinaceus

MC5 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Armeria maritima-Cerastium diffusum ssp. diffusum maritime therophyte community

Carex flacca, Hypnum cupressiforme, Tortella flavovirens, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia rangiformis, Collema spp., Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium acaule, Echium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Myosotis ramosissima, Brassica oleracea, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Diplotaxis muralis, Jasione montana, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Herniaria ciliolata, Sagina apetala, Sagina maritima, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex littoralis, Sedum acre, Sedum anglicum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium occidentale, Trifolium repens, Trifolium scabrum, Vicia sativa, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Salvia verbenaca, Thymus praecox, Scilla autumnalis, Scilla verna, Radiola linoides, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica arvensis, Armeria maritima, Ranunculus acris, Reseda lutea, Filipendula vulgaris, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Catapodium rigidum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Schedonorus arundinaceus

MC6 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community

Daucus carota, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Malva arborea, Plantago coronopus, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra

MC7 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Stellaria media-Rumex acetosa sea-bird cliff community

Juncus articulatus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio vulgaris, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium glomeratum, Silene uniflora, Spergula arvensis, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Sedum anglicum, Trifolium repens, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

MC8 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca rubra-Armeria maritima maritime grassland

Carex caryophyllea, Carex distans, Kindbergia praelonga, Tortella flavovirens, Trichostomum brachydontium, Angelica sylvestris, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Ligusticum scoticum, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Inula crithmoides, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus oleraceus, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Brassica oleracea, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Sagina maritima, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Scilla verna, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Potentilla erecta, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa subcaerulea

MC9 — Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca rubra-Holcus lanatus maritime grassland

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Luzula campestris, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Trichostomum brachydontium, Cladonia chlorophaea, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Serratula tinctoria, Solidago virgaurea, Cochlearia officinalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Sedum anglicum, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Genista tinctoria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Geranium sanguineum, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla erecta, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis

MC10 — Maritime cliff

Festuca rubra-Plantago spp. maritime grassland

Salix repens, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex serotina, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Luzula campestris, Selaginella selaginoides, Mnium hornum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Angelica sylvestris, Daucus carota, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Hypochaeris radicata, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia officinalis, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina apetala, Sagina procumbens, Silene acaulis, Silene uniflora, Parnassia palustris, Sedum anglicum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentianella campestris, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Scilla verna, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosa, Anagallis tenella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Potentilla erecta, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis

MC11 — Maritime cliff

Festuca rubra-Daucus carota ssp. gummifer maritime grassland

Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Crithmum maritimum, Daucus carota, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium acaule, Cirsium vulgare, Echium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Impatiens nolitangere, Brassica oleracea, Crambe maritima, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Silene nutans, Silene uniflora, Convolvulus arvensis, Sedum acre, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia sativa, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Scilla verna, Glaucium flavum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium pinnatum, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Lolium perenne, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Chara curta

MC12 — Maritime cliff

Festuca rubra-Hyacinthoides non-scripta maritime bluebell community

Hedera helix, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Sonchus oleraceus, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Sedum telephium, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Ononis repens, Vicia sativa, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Scilla verna, Plantago lanceolata, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Pteridium aquilinum

MG1 — Brownfield, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Arrhenatherum elatius grassland

Hedera helix, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Pimpinella major, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Artemisia vulgaris, Carduus nutans, Centaurea nigra, Centaurea scabiosa, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leucanthemum vulgare, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Campanula rotundifolia, Knautia arvensis, Scabiosa columbaria, Cerastium fontanum, Silene nutans, Stellaria graminea, Convolvulus arvensis, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Vicia sepium, Geranium dissectum, Hypericum perforatum, Clinopodium vulgare, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium album, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium hirsutum, Epipactis purpurata, Rhinanthus minor, Papaver dubium, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anisantha sterilis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pubescens, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Bromopsis erecta, Bromus hordeaceous, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara vulgaris

MG10 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope, Upland rush pasture

Holcus lanatus-Juncus effusus rush-pasture

Carex hirta, Carex panicea, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Festulolium loliaceum, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis

MG11 — Brownfield, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex arenaria, Carex distans, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Brachythecium rutabulum, Odontites verna, Oenanthe lachenalii, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Matricaria discoidea, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio aquaticus, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina procumbens, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Parapholis strigosa, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis

MG12 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Festuca arundinacea grassland

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex nigra, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis

OV38 — Limestone pavement, Scree

Gymnocarpium robertianum-Arrhenatherum elatius community

Rosa spinosissima, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Bryum capillare, Dicranum scoparium, Distichium capillaceum, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Grimmia pulvinata, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Schistidium apocarpum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidium rugosum, Tortella tortuosa, Cladonia pocillum, Centaurea nigra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Mycelis muralis, Pilosella officinarum, Tussilago farfara, Arabis hirsuta, Campanula rotundifolia, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium molle, Geranium robertianum, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Oxalis acetosella, Aquilegia vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Viola riviniana, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Dryopteris filix-mas, Cystopteris fragilis, Gymnocarpium robertianum

OV39 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope

Asplenium trichomanes-Asplenium ruta-muraria community

Bryum capillare, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Schistidium apocarpum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Syntrichia intermedia, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula muralis, Tortula ruralis, Tortula subulata, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Riccia sorocarpa, Targionia hypophylla, Cladonia pocillum, Dermatocarpon lachnaeum, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Squamarina cartilaginea, Toninia caeruleonigricans, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea scabiosa, Pilosella officinarum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Hornungia petraea, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Silene nutans, Sedum acre, Medicago lupulina, Geranium molle, Acinos arvensis, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Veronica arvensis, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Aira caryophyllea, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Aphanes arvensis, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Asplenium ceterach, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium trichomanes, Anogramma leptophylla

OV40 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope

Asplenium viride-Cystopteris fragilis community

Plagiobryum zieri, Pohlia cruda, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium sericeum, Isopterygiopsis pulchella, Neckera crispa, Orthothecium intricatum, Orthothecium rufescens, Anoectangium aestivum, Tortella tortuosa, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Plagiochila porelloides, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Pellia endiviifolia, Solorina saccata, Campanula rotundifolia, Geranium robertianum, Thymus praecox, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum lonchitis, Anogramma leptophylla, Cystopteris fragilis

W9 — Altantic hazel wood, Limestone pavement, Upland mixed ash wood

Fraxinus excelsior-Sorbus aucuparia-Mercurialis perennis woodland

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pallescens, Carex sylvatica, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens curnovii, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium succulentum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Adoxa moschatellina, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Arum maculatum, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Jacobaea vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, Cardamine flexuosa, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium robertianum, Geranium sylvaticum, Ajuga reptans, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Circaea x intermedia, Epilobium montanum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica montana, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Cruciata laevipes, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Asplenium scolopendrium, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas

W25 — Bracken scrub

Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas