River Wye

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 52.0023, -2.7556

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Also within

Gloucestershire CountyGwent CountyHerefordshire CountyPowys County WYE VALLEY (England) Scenic AreaWYE VALLEY (Wales) Scenic Area Offa's Dyke Path National Trail

Condition (Natural England)

Unfavourable Declining (8)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SO251475 — Unfavourable Declining 30.88 2023-05-29
SO299455 — Unfavourable Declining 122.44 2023-05-29
SO421407 — Unfavourable Declining 150.2 2023-05-29
SO527153 — Unfavourable Declining 157.09 2023-05-29
SO539053 — Unfavourable Declining 36.38 2023-05-29
SO562279 — Unfavourable Declining 293.56 2023-05-29
SO585175 — Unfavourable Declining 157.09 2023-05-29
ST536944 — Unfavourable Declining 114.92 2023-05-29

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Habitats

Coastal vegetated shingle, Fast flowing river and stream, Salt marsh, Wet woodland

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Gorge / Ravine · Mining / Industrial: Quarry · Geological Period: Carboniferous, Triassic · Rock Type: Alluvium, Carboniferous Limestone, Limestone, Mudstone, Sandstone

Landscape processes: Coastal, Fluvial, Karst

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
common sandpiper Breeding
goosander Breeding
grey wagtail Breeding
lapwing Breeding
little ringed plover Breeding
mute swan Breeding
ringed plover Breeding
sand martin Breeding
sedge warbler Breeding
shelduck Breeding
snipe Breeding

Fish

SpeciesSeason
Allis shad Spawning
Allis shad Unknown
Atlantic salmon Spawning
Atlantic salmon Unknown
Bullhead Spawning
Bullhead Unknown
European eel Spawning
Grayling Spawning
Pike Passage
River lamprey Passage
River lamprey Spawning
River lamprey Unknown
Sea lamprey Passage
Sea lamprey Spawning
Sea lamprey Unknown
Sea trout Spawning
Twaite shad Spawning
Twaite shad Unknown

Description

Description River Wye Together the River Wye Lower Wye and the River Wye Upper Wye SSSIs and several of their tributaries represent a large, linear ecosystem which acts as an important wildlife corridor, an essential migration route and a key breeding area for many nationally and internationally important species. The Wye is of special interest for its associated plant and animal communities. Its character spans a range of types from an upland base poor stream to an estuarine, silty lowland river. The river’s overall diversity is a product of its underlying geology, soil type, adjacent land use and near natural fluvio geomorphological regime. The River Wye forms one of the longest, near natural rivers in England and Wales. From its source to its confluence the main channel is 250 kms long, drains a catchment of 4136 km2 and has the fourth largest flow of any river in England and Wales. Rising at an altitude of 680m on Pumlumon Fawr in Powys the Wye meanders down through Wales, Herefordshire and Gloucestershire, finally entering the Severn Estuary at Chepstow. River Wye Lower Wye Hay on Wye to Chepstow The River Wye Lower Wye is a rare example of a near natural, large western eutrophic river which, unlike many rivers of a similar type, has not been subject to significant modification from human activities. The river is of special interest for three main aquatic plant community types rivers on sandstone, mudstone and hard limestone, clay rivers and lowland rivers with minimal gradient, as well as for certain flowering plants and bryophytes. The river shows a clear downstream succession in plant communities reflecting variations in geology, flow rate and land use. In particular the river exhibits a natural increase in dissolved minerals as it flows over the underlying geology of Old Red Sandstone and Carboniferous Limestone. Localised differences in water chemistry are also created where major tributaries, such as the River Lugg, enter the main channel. In its tidal reaches the river becomes increasingly saline as it nears its confluence with the Severn Estuary. The invertebrate fauna molluscs; beetles; mayflies; caddis flies; true flies and dragonflies is characteristic of a large lowland river and is of special interest for species associated with riffles, river shingles and saltmarsh, river dead wood and bank side vegetation. The fish fauna includes, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, twaite shad Alosa fallax, allis shad Alosa alosa and bullhead Cottus gobio as well as three species of lamprey Petromyzon marinus, Lampetra planeri and Lampetra fluviatilis which are all of European importance and are listed on Annex II of the EU Habitats and Species Directive. The site is also of international importance for its Atlantic stream crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes, common otter Lutra lutra and beds of water crowfoot Ranunculus spp.. Whilst not a special feature of the site, there is a good range of breeding birds associated with riverine habitats. The SSSI incorporates adjacent areas of riparian habitat including wet woodland, marshy grassland, reed beds and topographical features which directly support the special interest of the river. Geology and Topography The catchment of the Lower Wye is 2513 km2 in area and is predominately low lying, the Radnor Forest and Black Mountains being the most significant upland areas within it. The river is thus lowland in character, meandering across a flood plain up to two kilometres wide and falling from 72 metres AOD at Hay on Wye to sea level over a distance of 157 km. Between Hay on Wye and Goodrich the River Wye Lower Wye flows over a Lower Old Red Sandstone substrate composed of sandstones and marls with occasional limestone bands. The river bed is comprised of gravels, silt and occasional boulders. Below Goodrich it enters the Wye Valley Gorge. Here the river flows over Carboniferous Limestone outcrops, cutting near vertical cliffs within a restricted flood plain. Over thousands of years land level rise relative to sea level fall has caused the channel to become incised, leaving distinct shelves of land like that at Livox Quarry. The flood plain widens where major tributaries, such as the Trothy and Monnow, join the main channel before the river re enters the Wye Valley Gorge again with its vertical limestone cliffs and more gentle sandstone and mudstone slopes. In the lower parts of the Wye Gorge the river becomes tidal and brackish and there is a gradual transition to estuarine conditions. Bedrock and boulders commonly constitute the bank and bed material but are usually overlain with silty alluvium. At Chepstow dramatic vertical cliffs have been cut through the limestone. Between Chepstow and the Severn Estuary the river flows over Triassic Mercia mudstones which eventually give way to the alluvium of the Severn coastal plain. The River Wye Lower Wye has a relatively natural fluvio geomorphic regime and has remained relatively free from man made straightening, widening and deepening schemes. The upper and middle sections are active, migrating meanders depositing shingle point bars and islands and cutting vertical faces into the banks. The pattern of meander loops along the entire length of the river is complex, steep outer slopes contrasting with shallow slip off slopes. In many places, increased gradients expose extensive gravel substrates over which the river forms complex pool and riffle sections. Few examples of oxbow lakes and active back channels remain adjacent to the river. Flora In its upper and middle reaches the river channel is dominated by submerged flowering plants such as spiked water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and beds of water crowfoot Ranunculus fluitans. Other common plants include rigid hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum and perfoliate pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus. Rare aquatic species include whorled water milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum. In the lower reaches of river through the Wye Gorge, the calcium and nutrient content of the water increases. Here, aquatic vegetation is mainly comprised of pondweed species such as fennel pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus and curled pondweed Potamogeton crispus. Aquatic macrophytes disappear below the tidal limit at Brockweir and marginal vegetation is often absent or much reduced below this point due to tidal scour. However, some species thrive along the transition zone between brackish and fresh wate conditions where large areas of mud are exposed at low tide. Marginal vegetation often consists of reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea and branched bur reed Sparganium erectum. Other marginal plants such as amphibious water bistort Polygonum amphibium, brooklime Veronica beccabunga, yellow cress Rorripa spp. and water forget-me-not Myosotis scorpioides are widespread and frequent. The nationally scarce horse tail Equisetum x litorale is found growing along the margins of the river in its upper section. Below Brockweir the upper mud banks of the river are colonised by saltmarsh species such as sea aster Aster tripolium, saltmarsh grass Puccinellia spp. and sea milkwort Glaux maritima. Characteristic bank side plants include stinging nettle Urtica dioica, great willow herb Epilobium hirsutum and reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea. Locally the river bank vegetation can be diverse containing species such as common black knapweed Centaurea nigra and comfrey Symphytum spp.. A number of rare and restricted species occur along the river banks, including common meadow rue Thalictrum flavum, meadow saxifrage Saxifraga granulataa and chives Allium schoenoprasum. The latter species grows in deep crevices in riverside outcrops and bedrock. Along wooded brackish reaches of the river, the banks become almost entirely dominated by stands of couch grass Elytrigia repens. The river bank is frequently tree lined. Willows Salix spp. are common along the upper and middle sections whilst alder Alnus glutinosa and ash Fraxinus excelsior become more frequent in the lower reaches. sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus is widespread along the length of the river. The adjacent land use through the Hereford Plain is dominated by mixed farming with occasional oak Quercus spp., ash and sycamore woodland running down to the river. Below Goodrich the river enters the Wye Valley Gorge cutting through a landscape of permanent pasture and steep woodlands before flowing through the coastal grassland plain and entering the Severn Estuary. Mammals the common otter Lutra lutra is widespread along the length of the river where appropriate bank side cover exists. The roots of mature bank side trees are often used as otter holts. Water voles Arvicola amphibius can be found along the middle sections of the river. The bank side tree cover provides valuable feeding and roosting habitats for several bat species including the greater horseshoe Rhinolophus ferrumequinum and Daubenton’s bat Myotis daubentonii. Invertebrates The River Wye’s invertebrate community is characteristic of a large lowland river. Several invertebrate species associated with such conditions include the nationally rare mayfly Potamanthus luteus and the caddis fly Hydroptila lotensis together with the nationally scarce stonefly Brachyptera putata and the club tailed dragonfly Gomphus vulgatissimus. Through the middle reaches of the river the black tailed skimmer Orthetrum cancellatum breeds on the north western edge of its distribution. The thick emergent fringes of vegetation on the banks provide cover and breeding habitat for the white legged damselfly Platycnemis pennipes. The river is of high invertebrate interest for species associated with riffle, shingle and saltmarsh habitats. Of particular interest are the riffle beetles Riolus nitens and Oulimnius major and the shingle beetle Neobisnius prolixus, all of which are nationally rare. Nine other nationally scarce beetles associated with these habitats have been recorded including Chaetocnema sahlbergii and Pogonus littoralis, which are both found on saltmarsh. Several nationally rare invertebrate species are associated with river dead wood such as the beetle Macronychus quadrituberculatus and the caddis flies Oecetis notata. Other nationally rare species are associated with sandy river banks such as the cranefly Dicranomyia omissinervis. Bankside trees and tall ruderal herbs provide ideal habitat for five nationally scarce species of moth, including the waved carpet Hydrelia sylvata and the micro moth Mompha langiella. All six British species of unionid mussels occur on the river, including the scarce depressed river mussel Pseudanodonta complanata. This is believed to be a unique assemblage in Britain. The nationally rare snail Mercuria similis is also present and is restricted to the saline reaches of the river. Fish The river has a wide range of migratory and non migratory fish species. The most abundant coarse species include chub Squalius cephalus, dace Leuciscus leuciscus and pike Esox lucius which together with roach Rutilus rutilus and perch Perca fluviatilis are the most widely distributed fish along the river. Species such as tench Tinca tinca and ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus are restricted to the lower reaches. Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, twaite shad Alosa fallax and the very rare allis shad Alosa alosa all migrate into the river each year from the Severn Estuary and spawn at various localities along its length. Large numbers of elvers Anguilla anguilla migrate up the river with the spring high tides. The river also supports internationally important populations of brook lamprey Lampetra planeri and bullhead Cottus gobio. Several game fish species including grayling Thymallus thymallus, brown trout almo truttafario and sea trout Salmo trutta trutta breed and migrate along the River Wye Lower Wye. Important numbers of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar migrate up the main channel in order to reach spawning grounds in the headwaters of the Wye. Birds The River Wye Lower Wye supports a varied assemblage of breeding birds associated with rivers. Several species including the mute swan Cygnus olor and coot Fulica atra are associated with its slow flowing reaches and breed along the length of the river. However species associated with upland streams and rivers such as dipper Cinclus cinclus and grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea also breed along the faster flowing sections, especially where rapids occur. Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus and reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus breed in riparian habitat along the river banks. Extensive shingle shoals provide suitable breeding habitat for the little ringed plover Charadrius dubius whilst vertical banks provide nesting sites for the sand martin Riparia riparia and kingfisher Alcedo atthis. Goosanders Mergus merganser are present throughout most of the year. The tidal reaches of the river support breeding shelduck Tadorna tadorna and an established heronry (heron). Occasional low lying, wet areas of land adjacent to the river support breeding wader species including snipe Gallinago gallinago and lapwing Vanellus vanellus, whilst common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos is widely distributed along the length of the river.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LC bat vespertillonidae
greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LC bat vespertillonidae
Chaetocnema sahlbergii VU beetle chrysomelidae
beetle Macronychus quadrituberculatus NT beetle elmidae
Neobisnius prolixus LC beetle staphylinidae
beetle Riolus nitens EN beetle elmidae
reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus LC (Breeding) bird-bunting emberizidae
dipper Cinclus cinclus NT (Breeding) bird-dipper cinclidae
goosander Mergus merganser LC (NonBreeding) bird-duck anatidae
shelduck Tadorna tadorna EN (NonBreeding), EN (Breeding) bird-duck anatidae
coot Fulica atra NT (NonBreeding), NT (Breeding) bird-gallinule rallidae
kingfisher Alcedo atthis LC (Breeding) bird-kingfisher alcedinidae
sand martin Riparia riparia LC (Breeding) bird-martin hirundinidae
snipe Gallinago gallinago DD (NonBreeding) bird-snipe scolopacidae
mute swan Cygnus olor LC (NonBreeding), LC (Breeding) bird-swan anatidae
common sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos VU (Breeding) bird-wader scolopacidae
little ringed plover Charadrius dubius LC (Breeding) bird-wader charadriidae
ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula VU (NonBreeding) bird-wader charadriidae
lapwing Vanellus vanellus VU (NonBreeding), EN (Breeding) bird-wader charadriidae
grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea NT (Breeding) bird-wagtail motacillidae
sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus LC (Breeding) bird-warbler acrocephalidae
otter Lutra lutra LC carnivore mustelidae
cranefly Dicranomyia omissinervis Not listed in GB list cranefly limoniidae
native freshwater crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes Not listed in GB list crustacean astacidae
white-legged damselfly Platycnemis pennipes LC damselflies platycnemididae
common clubtail Gomphus vulgatissimus NT dragonfly gomphaxaea
black-tailed skimmer Orthetrum cancellatum LC dragonfly libellulidae
Allis shad Alosa alosa CR fish clupeidae
Twaite shad Alosa fallax VU fish clupeidae
eel Anguilla anguilla CR fish anguillidae
bullhead Cottus gobio Not listed in GB list fish cottidae
pike Esox lucius LC fish esocidae
ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus LC fish percidae
dace Leuciscus leuciscus LC fish cyprinidae
perch Perca fluviatilis LC fish percidae
roach Rutilus rutilus LC fish cyprinidae
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar EN fish salmonidae
sea trout Salmo trutta trutta Not listed in GB list fish salmonidae
chub Squalius cephalus LC fish cyprinidae
grayling Thymallus thymallus LC fish salmonidae
couch Elytrigia repens Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea LC grass poaceae
wild chives Allium schoenoprasum LC herb liliaceae
sea aster Aster tripolium Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
black knapweed Centaurea nigra LC herb asteraceae
hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum LC herb ceratophyllaceae
great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum LC herb onagraceae
sea milkwort Glaux maritima Not listed in GB list herb primulaceae
water forget-me-nots Myosotis scorpioides LC herb boraginaceae
spiked water-milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum LC herb haloragaceae
whorled water milfoil Myriophyllum verticillatum EN herb haloragaceae
amphibious bistort Polygonum amphibium Not listed in GB list herb polygonaceae
curled pondweed Potamogeton crispus LC herb potamogetonaceae
fennel pondweed Potamogeton pectinatus Not listed in GB list herb potamogetonaceae
perfoliate pondweed Potamogeton perfoliatus LC herb potamogetonaceae
water crowfoots Ranunculus fluitans LC herb ranunculaceae
common meadow rue Thalictrum flavum LC herb ranunculaceae
nettle Urtica dioica LC herb urticaceae
brooklime Veronica beccabunga LC herb plantaginaceae
river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis LC lamprey petromyzontidae
brook lamprey Lampetra planeri LC lamprey petromyzontidae
sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus LC lamprey petromyzontidae
yellow mayfly Potamanthus luteus EN mayfly potamanthidae
snail Mercuria similis Not listed in GB list mollusc hydrobiidae
waved carpet Hydrelia sylvata Not listed in GB list moth geometridae
no common name Mompha langiella Not listed in GB list moth momphidae
branched bur reed Sparganium erectum LC reed typhaceae
water vole Arvicola amphibius EN rodent cricetidae
sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Not listed in GB list tree aceraceae
alder Alnus glutinosa LC tree salicaceae
ash Fraxinus excelsior LC tree oleaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

MC6 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community

Daucus carota, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Malva arborea, Plantago coronopus, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra

SD1 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Rumex crispus-Glaucium flavum shingle community

Solanum dulcamara, Crithmum maritimum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Helminthotheca echioides, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon saxatilis, Senecio viscosus, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Crambe maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Lathyrus japonicus, Geranium robertianum, Glaucium flavum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne

SD2 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Honkenya peploides-Cakile maritima strandline community

Salsola kali, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex littoralis, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SD3 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Matricaria maritima-Galium aparine strandline community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Ligusticum scoticum, Matricaria discoidea, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Mertensia maritima, Cakile maritima, Cochlearia officinalis, Honckenya peploides, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SM1 — Salt marsh

Zostera communities

Zostera angustifolia, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei, Spartina anglica, Porphyra umbilicalis, Chondria dasyphylla, Polysiphonia nigra, Chara aspera, Chaetomorpha linum, Chaetomorpha tortuosa, Cladophora battersii, Cladophora retroflexa, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Fucus spiralis

SM2 — Salt marsh

Ruppia maritima salt-marsh community

Ruppia maritima

SM3 — Salt marsh

Eleocharis parvula salt-marsh community

Eleocharis parvula

SM4 — Salt marsh

Spartina maritima salt-marsh community

Suaeda maritima, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima

SM5 — Salt marsh

Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh community

Puccinellia maritima, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina anglica

SM6 — Salt marsh

Spartina anglica salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Catenella caespitosa, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus vesiculosus ecad volubilis

SM7 — Salt marsh

Arthrocnemum perenne stands

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides

SM8 — Salt marsh

Annual Salicornia salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM9 — Salt marsh

Suaeda maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM10 — Salt marsh

Transitional low-marsh vegetation with Puccinellia maritima annual Salicornia species and Suaeda maritima

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM11 — Salt marsh

Aster tripolium var. discoideus salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata

SM12 — Salt marsh

Rayed Aster Tripolium on slat marshes

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM13 — Salt marsh

Puccinellia maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus cottonii

SM14 — Salt marsh

Halimione portulacoides salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM15 — Salt marsh

Juncus maritimus-Triglochin maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex extensa, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Oenanthe lachenalii, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Fucus cottonii

SM16 — Salt marsh

Festuca rubra salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex flacca, Juncus gerardii, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Puccinellia maritima

SM17 — Salt marsh

Artemisia maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Hordeum marinum, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima

SM18 — Salt marsh

Juncus maritimus salt-marsh community

Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex otrubae, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Amblystegium serpens, Kindbergia praelonga, Oenanthe lachenalii, Cirsium arvense, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus

SM19 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh

Blysmus rufus salt-marsh community

Blysmus rufus, Carex extensa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Amblystegium serpens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus polygamus, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima

SM20 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh

Eleocharis uniglumis salt-marsh community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Atriplex hastata, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra

SM21 — Salt marsh

Suaeda vera-Limonium binervosum salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Sagina maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium bellidifolium, Limonium binervosum, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima

SM22 — Salt marsh

Halimione portulacoides-Frankenia laevis salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima

SM23 — Salt marsh

Spergularia marina-Puccinellia distans salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima

SM24 — Salt marsh

Elymus pycnanthus salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Sonchus arvensis, Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Beta vulgaris sp maritima, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima

SM25 — Salt marsh

Suaeda vera drift-line community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex littoralis, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Pelvetia canaliculata

SM26 — Salt marsh

Inula crithmoides stands

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides

SM28 — Salt marsh

Elymus repens salt-marsh community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus gerardii, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Calystegia sepium, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus altissima, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Puccinellia maritima, Schedonorus arundinaceus

W1 — Wet woodland

Salix cinerea-Galium palustre woodland

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Salix purpurea, Salix viminalis, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus robur, Alnus glutinosa, Frangula alnus, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex nigra, Carex paniculata, Carex remota, Carex riparia, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Apium nodiflorum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Epilobium palustre, Callitriche stagnalis, Rumex acetosa, Rumex sanguineus, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Dactylis glomerata, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana

W2 — Wet woodland

Salix cinerea-Betula pubescens-Phragmites australis woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Salix fragilis, Betula pubescens, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus glutinosa, Myrica gale, Viburnum opulus, Frangula alnus, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acuta, Carex acutiformis, Carex nigra, Carex paniculata, Carex remota, Carex vesicaria, Cladium mariscus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Plagiomnium undulatum, Pohlia nutans, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Campylopus flexuosus, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Leptodictyum riparium, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Atrichum undulatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Pellia epiphylla, Humulus lupulus, Tamus communis, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Lonicera periclymenum, Valeriana officinalis, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Geranium robertianum, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Lysimachia vulgaris, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Calamagrostis canescens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Thelypteris palustris, Athyrium filix-femina

W3 — Turlough and fluctuation mere, Wet woodland

Salix pentandra-Carex rostrata woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Salix myrsinifolia, Salix pentandra, Salix phylicifolia, Salix viminalis, Betula pubescens, Alnus glutinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex appropinquata, Carex echinata, Carex laevigata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Aulacomnium androgynum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Fissidens adianthoides, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Oxyrrhynchium speciosum, Sanionia uncinata, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Douinia ovata, Jungermannia obovata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Plagiochila asplenioides, Saccogyna viticulosa, Conocephalum conicum, Marchantia polymorpha sens.lat., Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Myosotis laxa caespitosa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Pyrola rotundifolia, Ajuga reptans, Galeopsis tetrahit, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Veronica scutellata, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris dilatata, Athyrium filix-femina

W4 — Raised bog, Upland birch wood, Wet woodland

Betula pubescens-Molinia caerulea woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix pentandra, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Crataegus monogyna, Carex laevigata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Cirsium palustre, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium palustre, Oxalis acetosella, Rumex acetosa, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Galium uliginosum, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Athyrium filix-femina

W5 — Wet woodland

Alnus glutinosa-Carex paniculata woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pubescens, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Viburnum opulus, Ribes nigrum, Ribes sylvestris, Ligustrum vulgare, Frangula alnus, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex elata, Carex elongata, Carex paniculata, Carex pseudocyperus, Carex remota, Carex riparia, Scirpus sylvaticus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Atrichum undulatum, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Humulus lupulus, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Cicuta virosa, Oenanthe crocata, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Impatiens capensis, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine amara, Cardamine pratensis, Lonicera periclymenum, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum telmateia, Geranium robertianum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium parviflorum, Callitriche stagnalis, Rumex hydrolapathum, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Filipendula ulmaria, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Calamagrostis canescens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Osmunda regalis, Thelypteris palustris, Athyrium filix-femina

W6 — Brownfield, Wet woodland

Alnus glutinosa-Urtica dioica woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix fragilis, Salix viminalis, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Alnus glutinosa, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex paniculata, Carex riparia, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Lophocolea heterophylla, Humulus lupulus, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Petasites hybridus, Taraxacum officianalis, Impatiens glandulifera, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria media agg., Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha aquatica, Stachys sylvatica, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium montanum, Epilobium palustre, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica montana, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina

W7 — Wet woodland

Alnus glutinosa-Fraxinus excelsior-Lysimachia nemorum woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix pentandra, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Carex laevigata, Carex nigra, Carex pendula, Carex remota, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rivulare, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium succulentum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Conocephalum conicum, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Oenanthe crocata, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Tussilago farfara, Myosotis secunda, Cardamine amara, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria holostea, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum sylvaticum, Equisetum telmateia, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Mentha aquatica, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium obscurum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica montana, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina

W18 — Caledonian forest, Wet woodland

Pinus sylvestris-Hylocomium splendens woodland

Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Picea sitchensis, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Aulacomnium palustre, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum russowii, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania trilobata, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Diplophyllum albicans, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Scapania gracilis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia cornuta, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia macilenta, Cladonia pyxidata, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Goodyera repens, Neottia cordata, Oxalis acetosella, Trientalis europaea, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum