Far Arnside

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.1778, -2.8433

Condition (Natural England)

Unfavourable Recovering (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SD450761 Unfavourable Recovering 2.2 2014-03-28

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Geology & landscape

Geological Period: Carboniferous · Rock Type: Carboniferous Limestone, Limestone

Landscape processes: Coastal

Description

Area, 2.1 hectares 5.2 ac Description Far Arnside is located approximately seven kilometres north west of Carnforth, on the northcoast of Morecambe Bay, overlooking the Kent estuary. The site lies on low south west facing cliffs of Carboniferous Limestone, approximately 10 metres high, which rise directly from the saltmarshes of the Bay. The main habitat type is limestone grassland which includes an area of cliff top grassland interspersed with patches of scrub. The grassland has developed on a shallow soil and supports a rich variety of plants including several rare and endangered species, found only in a few scattered localities elsewhere in Britain. The grassland is similar to that found at Humphrey Head SSSI and is a habitat which is becoming increasingly scarce nationally and in South Cumbria. The grassland is grazed and supports an interesting low growing community with typical herbs such as salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba, wild thyme Thymus praecox, squinancywort Asperula cynanchica, horseshoe vetch Hippocrepis comosa, common rock rose Helianthemum nummularium, kidney vetch Anthyllis vulneraria and purging flax Linum catharticum. Associated grasses and sedges including quaking grass Briza media, red fescue Festuca rubra, carnation sedge Carex flacca and spring sedge Carex caryophyllea. Within this community more uncommon plants have been recorded, such as autumn lady's tresses Spiranthes spiralis, Sterner's bedstraw Galium sterneri, felwort Gentianella amarella, green winged orchid Anacamptis morio and rare spring sedge Carex ericetorum. On the upper slopes of the cliffs taller grassland occurs, dominated by blue sesleria Sesleria caeruleae, with herbs including dropwort Filipendula vulgaris, carline thistle Carlina vulgaris, milkwort Polygala vulgaris and small scabious Scabiosa columbaria. Pockets of deeper less lime rich soils give additional diversity to the cliff top flora and support the acid loving plants bell heather Erica cinerea, gorse Ulex europaeus, dwarf furze Ulex gallii, heath grass Danthonia decumbens and heath bedstraw Galium saxatile. Scattered individuals of the rare whitebeam Sorbus lancastriensis, as well as yew Taxus baccata, holly Ilex aquifolium and juniper Juniperus communis occur on the cliffs at the eastern end of the site.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
heath grass Danthonia decumbens NT grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
green-winged orchid Anacamptis morio NT herb orchidaceae
lady's fingers (kidney vetch) Anthyllis vulneraria NT herb fabaceae
squinancywort Asperula cynanchica VU herb rubiaceae
carline thistle Carlina vulgaris LC herb asteraceae
dropwort Filipendula vulgaris LC herb rosaceae
heath bedstraw Galium saxatile LC herb rubiaceae
limestone bedstraw Galium sterneri LC herb rubiaceae
autumn gentian Gentianella amarella LC herb gentianaceae
rock roses Helianthemum nummularium VU herb cistaceae
horseshoe vetch Hippocrepis comosa VU herb fabaceae
fairy flax Linum catharticum LC herb linaceae
common milkwort Polygala vulgaris VU herb polygalaceae
salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba VU herb rosaceae
small scabious Scabiosa columbaria LC herb caprifoliaceae
autumn lady's tresses Spiranthes spiralis LC herb orchidaceae
creeping thyme Thymus praecox Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea NT sedge cyperaceae
rare spring sedge Carex ericetorum VU sedge cyperaceae
glaucus sedge Carex flacca LC sedge cyperaceae
juniper Juniperus communis CR shrub cupressaceae
gorse Ulex europaeus LC shrub leguminosae
western gorse Ulex gallii LC shrub leguminosae
bell heather Erica cinerea NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
holly Ilex aquifolium LC tree aquifoliaceae
Lancaster whitebeam Sorbus lancastriensis LC tree rosaceae
yew Taxus baccata LC tree taxaceae

Plant communities

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas