Foulness

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 51.6128, 0.9458

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Essex County King Charles Way - Southend to Wallasea Island National Trail

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (11) Unfavourable Recovering (27) Unfavourable Declining (5) Unfavourable No Change (2)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
TQ929840 — Favourable 6.21 2013-03-22
TQ939890 — Unfavourable Recovering 6.16 2010-08-27
TQ947907 — Unfavourable Recovering 150.59 2010-03-31
TQ948902 — Unfavourable Recovering 152.79 2010-08-27
TQ949893 — Favourable 26.89 2013-03-20
TQ952899 — Unfavourable Recovering 150.59 2010-03-31
TQ953837 — Unfavourable Recovering 1195.2 2010-03-16
TQ955887 — Unfavourable Recovering 4.8 2010-09-17
TQ957897 — Favourable 14.89 2013-03-20
TQ961885 — Unfavourable Recovering 25.61 2010-03-25
TQ962901 — Unfavourable Recovering 150.59 2010-03-31
TQ963880 — Favourable 12.39 2013-01-07
TQ964884 — Favourable 41.86 2009-03-30
TQ965870 — Unfavourable Recovering 88.08 2013-03-21
TQ970885 — Unfavourable Recovering 28.01 2010-01-14
TQ970896 — Favourable 23.36 2010-03-09
TQ970905 — Unfavourable Recovering 19.7 2013-03-17
TQ971918 — Unfavourable Recovering 32.29 2012-12-24
TQ973921 — Unfavourable Recovering 25.66 2010-08-27
TQ974906 — Unfavourable Recovering 60.55 2010-08-27
TQ974910 — Unfavourable Declining 295.24 2013-03-17
TQ976881 — Unfavourable Recovering 42.99 2010-09-17
TQ983906 — Unfavourable Declining 295.24 2013-03-17
TQ985832 — Unfavourable No Change 2.09 2010-03-22
TQ985902 — Unfavourable Declining 295.24 2013-03-17
TQ987891 — Unfavourable Recovering 42.1 2013-03-22
TQ988895 — Unfavourable Recovering 13.43 2012-12-24
TQ990910 — Unfavourable Declining 295.24 2013-03-17
TQ992930 — Favourable 12.4 2013-03-17
TQ993898 — Unfavourable Recovering 73.15 2012-12-24
TR004897 — Unfavourable Recovering 444.5 2010-03-18
TR008946 — Unfavourable Recovering 141.09 2010-01-14
TR012945 — Favourable 14.23 2009-03-30
TR018925 — Unfavourable Recovering 46.16 2012-12-24
TR019947 — Favourable 14.23 2009-03-30
TR023948 — Favourable 14.23 2009-03-30
TR032950 — Favourable 6.8 2009-03-31
TR035951 — Unfavourable Recovering 16.22 2012-12-24
TR037941 — Unfavourable Recovering 33.12 2012-12-24
TR040945 — Unfavourable Recovering 32.29 2012-12-24
TR041950 — Unfavourable Recovering 32.29 2012-12-24
TR042911 — Unfavourable Declining 7788.56 2023-03-09
TR043945 — Unfavourable Recovering 59.02 2010-03-31
TR043949 — Unfavourable Recovering 32.29 2012-12-24
TR051956 — Unfavourable No Change 2.09 2010-03-22

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Habitats

Mixed scrub, Montane scrub, Salt marsh, Sand dune

Geology & landscape

Landscape processes: Coastal

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
bar-tailed godwit Unknown
curlew Breeding
curlew Unknown
dunlin Breeding
dunlin Unknown
grey plover Unknown
knot Unknown
oystercatcher Unknown
redshank Unknown
ringed plover Breeding
ringed plover Roosting
shelduck Breeding

Description

Area, 10,702 ha. 26,433.9 ac. Description Foulness lies on the north shore of the Thames Estuary between Southend in the southand the Rivers roach and Crouch in the north. It comprises extensive intertidal sand silt flats, saltmarsh, beaches, grazing marshes, rough grass and scrubland. The flats are of national and international importance as winter feeding grounds for nine species of wildfowl and wader, with the islands, creeks and grazing land forming an integral part as sheltered feeding and roosting sites. The shell banks support nationally important breeding colonies of little terns, common terns and Sandwich terns. The complex matrix of habitats also supports nationally important numbers of breeding avocets along with plants and invertebrates. Numerous species are locally restricted in their distribution and nationally uncommon or rare. During the winter months Foulness is a refuge for tens of thousands of waders and wildfowl, which migrate from breeding grounds to overwintering sites. These include over 13,000 dark bellied brent geese 14.7 percent of the British population and 7.8 percent of the world population. This is a reflection of the abundance of their favoured food plant, the rare dwarf eelgrass Zostera noltii, which unlike the more common eelgrass Zostera marina, does not lose its leaves in autumn before the brent arrive from their breeding grounds in Siberia. The uncommon narrow leaved eelgrass Zostera angustifolia is also present. Once this food source is exhausted by the brent geese, alternative feeding is provided by the adjacent fields on New England and Foulness Islands. The site also supports nationally important numbers of shelduck on average 826, 1.1 percent of the British population. Of the waders, curlew and dunlin occur in nationally important numbers, whilst five species, bar-tailed godwit, grey plover, knot, redshank and oystercatcher, occur in internationally important numbers. This is due to the rich invertebrate food supply in the mud flats, such as Hydrobia snails on the surface of the mud which are favoured by dunlin. Mud hopper crustaceans, Corophium, inhabit the upper surface layers and are preferred by redshank, whilst knot and grey plover take the small bivalve mollusc, Macoma and deeper in the mud, ragworm Neris and Nepthys provide food for the curlew. On sandier areas, the lugworm Arenicola supports the bartailed godwit and oystercatchers feed on cockles Cerastoderma edule. Empty cockle shells are washed up at Foulness Point to form the most extensive shell beach in Britain. Additionally, during work associated with proposals to create an airport on the Maplin Flats in the 1970s an artificial island was created towards the south west of the site. Together these areas support nationally important breeding colonies of little, common and Sandwich terns. Breeding pairs of little tern fluctuate from a high of 87 in 1987 to none in 1990, with an average in excess of 26 pairs between 1987 and 1991. Sandwich terns have increased steadily and now over 500 pairs breed on the artificial island created over three percent of the total British population. Large numbers of ringed plover also breed across the site. In recent years the Island has become a favoured breeding ground for avocets. Presently there are four sites with an average of about 30 breeding pairs. At present this represents almost six percent of the British breeding population. The beach at Foulness Point also forms an important high tide roost for waders and wildfowl, not only from Foulness but also from the neighbouring Crouch Estuary and the Dengie Flats. The beach flora at Foulness Point includes yellow horned poppy Glaucium flavum, sea rocket Cakile maritima and prickly saltwort Salsola kali subsp. kali. Further south, along the beach of Pig's Bay, typical colonisers include abundant sea holly Eryngium maritimum together with sea rocket, sand sedge Carex arenaria, sea sandwort Honckenya peploides and sea bindweed Calystegia soldanella. The low natural cliff line has a strong colony of the rare Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon. The saltmarsh and hinterland also provides high tide roosting sites for the birds. The dominant saltmarsh plants include common saltmarsh grass Puccinellia maritima, sea purslane Atriplex portulacoides and common sea lavender Limonium vulgare, with sea aster Aster tripolium and annual sea blite Suaeda maritima at the lower levels. There are a number of uncommon plants associated with the saltmarshes, including borrer's saltmarsh grass Puccinellia fasciculata and stiff saltmarsh grass Potentilla rupestris, lax flowered sea lavender Limonium humile and annual beard grass Polypogon monspeliensis. On the upper saltings, uncommon plants include two glassworts Salicornia perennis and S. pusilla, together with golden samphire Inula crithmoides and shrubby sea blite Suaeda vera; the latter two particularly favour the drift line at the foot of the seawall. The seawalls are generally dominated by coarse grasses, especially sea couch Elytrigia atherica. However, they also provide suitable conditions for a number of plants with a restricted distribution, for example, slender hare's ear Bupleurum tenuissimum, sea barley Hordeum marinum, upright chickweed Moenchia erecta and sea clover Trifolium squamosum. The accompanying borrow dykes and island ditches also support a distinctive flora. Sea club rush Bolboschoenus maritimus and common reed Phragmites australis are generally dominant, whilst nationally uncommon plants include soft hornwort Ceratophyllum submersum and spiral tasselwood Ruppia cirrhosa. In 1987 a plant previously considered extinct in Britain was discovered. Foulness is now the only known locality for annual sea purslane Atriplex pedunculata. At Gunners Park, unimproved grassland has developed over relict sand dunes and in consequence supports a flora which is unique in Essex. There are large stands dominated by grass and sedge communities, with rushes in damp hollows, together with low growing vegetation maintained by rabbit grazing. The tall grassland is dominated by false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius, cock's foot Dactylis glomerata, red fescue Festuca rubra and Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus, amongst which are found the locally uncommon distant sedge Carex distans and divided sedge C. divisa. The shorter turf is unusually rich in lichens, with the more compacted areas also supporting suffocated clover Trifolium suffocatum, curved hard grass Parapholis incurva and stiff saltmarsh grass Puccinellia rupestris, all three of local distribution in Britain. On loose sand, particularly near rabbit burrows, dune fescue Vulpia fasciculata and bulbous meadow grass Poa bulbosa grow alongside more frequent dune species such as sea fern grass Catapodium marinum, sand cat's tail Phleum arenarium and sand sedge. Marram Ammophila arenaria, sea bindweed and yellow horned poppy provide further evidence of the sand dune origin of the area. Foulness, in addition to its bird and plant interest, is also of prime importance for its invertebrates. The combination of saltmarsh, ditches, long grass on the sea walls, lightly grazed marshes and scrub such as found at Wakering Stairs, provides habitats for numerous species. There are no less than 71 listed as of notable occurrence or nationally rare, including such Red Data Book species as the scarce emerald damselfly Lestes dryas, the beetles Tachys scutellaris and Berosus fulvus and the flies Stratiomys longicornis and Paragus albifrons.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
beetle Tachys scutellaris LC beetle ground carabidae
shelduck Tadorna tadorna EN (NonBreeding), EN (Breeding) bird-duck anatidae
little tern Sternula albifrons VU (Breeding) bird-tern laridae
dunlin Calidris alpina EN (NonBreeding) bird-wader scolopacidae
knot Calidris canutus LC (NonBreeding) bird-wader scolopacidae
ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula VU (NonBreeding) bird-wader charadriidae
oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus LC (Breeding) bird-wader haematopodidae
bar-tailed godwit Limosa lapponica LC (NonBreeding) bird-wader scolopacidae
curlew Numenius arquata EN (Breeding) bird-wader scolopacidae
grey plover Pluvialis squatarola VU (NonBreeding) bird-wader charadriidae
redshank Tringa totanus EN (NonBreeding) bird-wader scolopacidae
cockle Cerastoderma edule Not listed in GB list bivalve cardiidae
scarce emerald damselfly Lestes dryas NT damselflies lestidae
fly Paragus albifrons CR fly syrphidae
long horned general fly Stratiomys longicornis LC fly stratiomyidae
marram grass Ammophila arenaria LC grass poaceae
false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius LC grass poaceae
sea fern grass Catapodium marinum LC grass poaceae
Bermuda-grass Cynodon dactylon Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
cock's foot Dactylis glomerata LC grass poaceae
sea couch Elytrigia atherica Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus LC grass poaceae
sea barley Hordeum marinum VU grass poaceae
curved hard grass Parapholis incurva LC grass poaceae
sand cat's tail Phleum arenarium LC grass poaceae
common reed Phragmites australis LC grass poaceae
bulbous meadowgrass Poa bulbosa LC grass poaceae
annual beard grass Polypogon monspeliensis LC grass poaceae
Borrer's saltmarsh grass Puccinellia fasciculata VU grass poaceae
saltmarsh grass Puccinellia maritima LC grass poaceae
stiff saltmarsh grass Puccinellia rupestris VU grass poaceae
dune fescue Vulpia fasciculata LC grass poaceae
sea aster Aster tripolium Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
annual sea purslane Atriplex pedunculata CR herb chaenopodiaceae
slender hare's ear Bupleurum tenuissimum LC herb apiaceae
sea rocket Cakile maritima LC herb brassicaceae
sea bindweed Calystegia soldanella LC herb convolvulaceae
soft hornwort Ceratophyllum submersum LC herb ceratophyllaceae
sea holly Eryngium maritimum LC herb asteraceae
yellow horned poppy Glaucium flavum LC herb papaveraceae
sea sandwort Honckenya peploides LC herb carophyllaceae
golden samphire Inula crithmoides Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
lax flowered sea lavender Limonium humile LC herb plumbaginaceae
common sea lavender Limonium vulgare NT herb plumbaginaceae
upright chickweed Moenchia erecta VU herb carophyllaceae
rock cinquefoil Potentilla rupestris EN herb rosaceae
spiral tassel-weeds Ruppia cirrhosa Not listed in GB list herb ruppiaceae
perennial glasswort Salicornia perennis Not listed in GB list herb chenopodiaceae
saltwort Salsola kali VU herb amaranthaceae
common seablite Suaeda maritima LC herb amaranthaceae
shrubby seablite Suaeda vera LC herb amaranthaceae
sea clover Trifolium squamosum VU herb fabaceae
suffocated clover Trifolium suffocatum LC herb fabaceae
narrow leaved eelgrass Zostera angustifolia Not listed in GB list herb zosteraceae
eelgrass Zostera marina VU herb zosteraceae
sea club rush Bolboschoenus maritimus LC sedge cyperaceae
sand sedge Carex arenaria LC sedge cyperaceae
distant sedge Carex distans VU sedge cyperaceae
sea purslane Atriplex portulacoides LC shrub dwarf chenopodiaceae

Plant communities

SD1 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Rumex crispus-Glaucium flavum shingle community

Solanum dulcamara, Crithmum maritimum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Helminthotheca echioides, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon saxatilis, Senecio viscosus, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Crambe maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Lathyrus japonicus, Geranium robertianum, Glaucium flavum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne

SD2 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Honkenya peploides-Cakile maritima strandline community

Salsola kali, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex littoralis, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SD3 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Matricaria maritima-Galium aparine strandline community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Ligusticum scoticum, Matricaria discoidea, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Mertensia maritima, Cakile maritima, Cochlearia officinalis, Honckenya peploides, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SD4 — Sand dune

Elymus farctus ssp. boreali-atlanticus foredune community

Salsola kali, Artemisia maritima, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Matricaria chamomilla, Senecio squalidus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex prostrata, Euphorbia paralias, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius

SD5 — Sand dune

Leymus arenarius mobile dune community

Bryum algovicum, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Cakile maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex prostrata, Chamerion angustifolium, Rumex crispus, Galium aparine, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa pratensis

SD6 — Sand dune

Ammophila arenaria mobile dune community

Lupinus arboreus, Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium albicans, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio squalidus, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cynoglossum officinale, Cakile maritima, Honckenya peploides, Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Calystegia soldanellla, Euphorbia paralias, Euphorbia portlandica, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium repens, Eriodium cicutarium, Chamerion angustifolium, Linaria vulgaris, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus repens, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

SD7 — Sand dune

Ammophila arenaria-Festuca rubra semi-fixed dune community

Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Bryum argenteum, Bryum capillare, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Tortella flavovirens, Lophocolea bidentata, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiformis, Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Taraxacum officianalis, Tragopogon pratensis, Tussilago farfara, Myosotis ramosissima, Erophila verna, Campanula rotundifolia, Valerianella locusta, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Calystegia soldanellla, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Euphorbia portlandica, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium repens, Vicia lathyroides, Vicia sativa, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Chamerion angustifolium, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Acaena novae-zelandiae, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Viola canina, Viola riviniana, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Phleum arenarium, Poa pratensis

SD8 — Machair sand dune, Sand dune

Festuca rubra-Galium verum fixed dune grassland

Salix repens, Rosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Brachythecium albicans, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Lophocolea bidentata, Cladonia rangiformis, Odontites verna, Peltigera canina, Peltigera rufescens, Angelica sylvestris, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis arvensis, Myosotis ramosissima, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium arvense, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Sedum acre, Equisetum arvense, Anthyllis vulneraria, Astragalus danicus, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Ononis repens, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia lathyroides, Gentianella amarella, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Neottia ovata, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Plantago maritima, Veronica arvensis, Veronica chamaedrys, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum minus, Potentilla anserina, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pubescens, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Trisetum flavescens

SD9 — Sand dune

Ammophila arenaria-Arrhenatherum elatius dune grassland

Rosa spinosissima, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Heracleum sphondylium, Pimpinella saxifraga, Torilis japonica, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis arvensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Silene latifolia, Equisetum arvense, Astragalus danicus, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia sativa, Geranium sanguineum, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Primula veris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla reptans, Poterium sanguisorba, Cruciata laevipes, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Leymus arenarius, Poa pratensis, Trisetum flavescens, Pteridium aquilinum

SD10 — Sand dune

Carex arenaria dune community

Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Achillea millefolium, Jacobaea vulgaris, Senecio vulgaris, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Astragalus danicus, Chamerion angustifolium, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla anserina, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha

SD11 — Sand dune

Carex arenaria-Cornicularia aculeata dune community

Calluna vulgaris, Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Brachythecium albicans, Hypnum cupressiforme, Rhytidium rugosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia foliacea, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia rangiformis, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Logfia minima, Teesdalia nudicaulis, Campanula rotundifolia, Sedum acre, Astragalus danicus, Eriodium cicutarium, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosella, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola canina, Viola tricolor, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Corynephorus canescens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Phleum arenarium

SD12 — Sand dune

Carex arenaria-Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris dune grassland

Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Carex arenaria, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranum scoparium, Brachythecium albicans, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Polytrichum juniperinum, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia furcata, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium fontanum, Astragalus danicus, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium repens, Vicia lathyroides, Geranium molle, Thymus praecox, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica officinalis, Rumex acetosa, Rumex acetosella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Poa pratensis

SD13 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Sagina nodosa-Bryum pseudotriquetrum dune-slack community

Salix repens, Hippophae rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex serotina, Juncus articulatus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Amblystegium serpens, Didymodon tophaceus, Moerckia hibernica, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium erythraea, Mentha aquatica, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Rubus caesius, Galium verum, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

SD14 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Salix repens-Campylium stellatum dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Hippophae rhamnoides, Carex arenaria, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex serotina, Cladium mariscus, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Leiocolea badensis, Lophocolea bidentata, Moerckia hibernica, Preissia quadrata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Eupatorium cannabinum, Jacobaea erucifolia, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Succisa pratensis, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium fragiferum, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Blackstonia perfoliata, Centaurium pulchellum, Gentianella amarella, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Epipactis palustris, Gymnadenia conopsea, Liparis loeselii, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Polygala vulgaris, Anagallis tenella, Glaux maritima, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Viola riviniana, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum

SD15 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Salix repens-Calliergon cuspidatum dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Solanum dulcamara, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Juncus subnodulosus, Brachythecium mildeanum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Homalothecium lutescens, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium palustre, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Epipactis palustris, Plantago lanceolata, Anagallis tenella, Glaux maritima, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Arrhenatherum elatius, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Ophioglossum vulgatum

SD16 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Salix repens-Holcus lanatus dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Betula pubescens, Quercus robur, Carex arenaria, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex serotina, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus maritimus, Luzula campestris, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Lophocolea bidentata, Moerckia hibernica, Pellia endiviifolia, Petalophyllum ralfsii, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Erigeron acris, Eupatorium cannabinum, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Leontodon saxatilis, Pilosella officinarum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Pyrola rotundifolia, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Mentha aquatica, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Epipactis helleborine, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Anagallis tenella, Primula vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium verum, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis

SD17 — Dune slack, Sand dune

Potentilla anserina-Carex nigra dune-slack community

Salix caprea, Salix repens, Carex arenaria, Carex disticha, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Plagiomnium rostratum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Drepanocladus sendtneri, Homalothecium lutescens, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Lophocolea bidentata, Odontites verna, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Bellis perennis, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Mentha aquatica, Linum catharticum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Epipactis palustris, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Persicaria maculosa, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Rubus caesius, Galium palustre, Galium verum, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis

SD18 — Sand dune

Hippophae rhamnoides dune scrub

Salix repens, Sambucus nigra, Hippophae rhamnoides, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex arenaria, Ceratodon purpureus, Brachythecium albicans, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia furcata, Daucus carota, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon saxatilis, Sonchus arvensis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cynoglossum officinale, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina procumbens, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia soldanellla, Convolvulus arvensis, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Glechoma hederacea, Montia perfoliata, Chamerion angustifolium, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Plantago lanceolata, Rubus caesius, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Phleum arenarium, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis

SD19 — Sand dune

Phleum arenarium-Arenaria serpyllifolia dune annual community

Carex arenaria, Luzula campestris, Brachythecium albicans, Homalothecium lutescens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Syntrichia ruraliformis, Tortella flavovirens, Tortella tortuosa, Peltigera canina, Cirsium arvense, Crepis capillaris, Hypochaeris glabra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Logfia minima, Erophila verna, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Cerastium diffusum, Cerastium semidecandrum, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Trifolium arvense, Trifolium campestre, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium repens, Centaurium erythraea, Eriodium cicutarium, Geranium molle, Thymus praecox, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Galium verum, Viola tricolor, Aira caryophyllea, Aira praecox, Ammophila arenaria, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Catapodium marinum, Festuca rubra, Mibora minima, Phleum arenarium, Poa pratensis, Vulpia fasciculata

SM1 — Salt marsh

Zostera communities

Zostera angustifolia, Zostera marina, Zostera noltei, Spartina anglica, Porphyra umbilicalis, Chondria dasyphylla, Polysiphonia nigra, Chara aspera, Chaetomorpha linum, Chaetomorpha tortuosa, Cladophora battersii, Cladophora retroflexa, Ulva intestinalis, Ulva lactuca, Fucus spiralis

SM2 — Salt marsh

Ruppia maritima salt-marsh community

Ruppia maritima

SM3 — Salt marsh

Eleocharis parvula salt-marsh community

Eleocharis parvula

SM4 — Salt marsh

Spartina maritima salt-marsh community

Suaeda maritima, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima

SM5 — Salt marsh

Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh community

Puccinellia maritima, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina anglica

SM6 — Salt marsh

Spartina anglica salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Catenella caespitosa, Fucus vesiculosus, Fucus vesiculosus ecad volubilis

SM7 — Salt marsh

Arthrocnemum perenne stands

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides

SM8 — Salt marsh

Annual Salicornia salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM9 — Salt marsh

Suaeda maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Salicornia europaea, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM10 — Salt marsh

Transitional low-marsh vegetation with Puccinellia maritima annual Salicornia species and Suaeda maritima

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM11 — Salt marsh

Aster tripolium var. discoideus salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus vesiculosus, Pelvetia canaliculata

SM12 — Salt marsh

Rayed Aster Tripolium on slat marshes

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM13 — Salt marsh

Puccinellia maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Suaeda maritima, Aster tripolium, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Spartina maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Fucus cottonii

SM14 — Salt marsh

Halimione portulacoides salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica

SM15 — Salt marsh

Juncus maritimus-Triglochin maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex extensa, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Oenanthe lachenalii, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium humile, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Festuca rubra, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Fucus cottonii

SM16 — Salt marsh

Festuca rubra salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Carex distans, Carex flacca, Juncus gerardii, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Cynosurus cristatus, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Puccinellia maritima

SM17 — Salt marsh

Artemisia maritima salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Hordeum marinum, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima

SM18 — Salt marsh

Juncus maritimus salt-marsh community

Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex otrubae, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Amblystegium serpens, Kindbergia praelonga, Oenanthe lachenalii, Cirsium arvense, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Atriplex hastata, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus

SM19 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh

Blysmus rufus salt-marsh community

Blysmus rufus, Carex extensa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Amblystegium serpens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus polygamus, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cochlearia anglica, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima

SM20 — Saline lagoon, Salt marsh

Eleocharis uniglumis salt-marsh community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex distans, Carex extensa, Carex nigra, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus gerardii, Leptodictyum riparium, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Atriplex hastata, Trifolium repens, Triglochin maritimum, Triglochin palustre, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra

SM21 — Salt marsh

Suaeda vera-Limonium binervosum salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Sagina maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium bellidifolium, Limonium binervosum, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima

SM22 — Salt marsh

Halimione portulacoides-Frankenia laevis salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Frankenia laevis, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago coronopus, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia maritima

SM23 — Salt marsh

Spergularia marina-Puccinellia distans salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus bufonius, Suaeda maritima, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Atriplex hastata, Salicornia europaea, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Glaux maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima

SM24 — Salt marsh

Elymus pycnanthus salt-marsh community

Atriplex portulacoides, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Hypnum cupressiforme, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Aster tripolium, Sonchus arvensis, Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Beta vulgaris sp maritima, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Parapholis strigosa, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia maritima

SM25 — Salt marsh

Suaeda vera drift-line community

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda vera, Artemisia maritima, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia danica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia media, Atriplex littoralis, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Glaux maritima, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Bostrychia scorpioides, Pelvetia canaliculata

SM26 — Salt marsh

Inula crithmoides stands

Atriplex portulacoides, Suaeda maritima, Inula crithmoides, Spergularia media, Salicornia europaea, Salicornia perennis, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Elytrigia atherica, Festuca rubra, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Bostrychia scorpioides

SM28 — Salt marsh

Elymus repens salt-marsh community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus gerardii, Kindbergia praelonga, Odontites verna, Anthriscus sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Torilis japonica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Calystegia sepium, Lotus corniculatus, Medicago lupulina, Melilotus altissima, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis, Puccinellia maritima, Schedonorus arundinaceus

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas