Birkham Wood

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 53.9904, -1.4532

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (2)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SE359549 Favourable 17.59 2019-08-07
SE359552 Favourable 11.97 2019-08-07

Geology & landscape

Rock Type: Limestone

Landscape processes: Glacial

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
blackcap Breeding
garden warbler Breeding
redstart Breeding
sparrowhawk Breeding
spotted flycatcher Breeding
tree pipit Breeding
woodcock Breeding

Description

Area, 28.2 hectares 69.6 ac Description Birkham Wood which is situated on the south bank of the River Nidd near Knaresborough comprises one of the largest and most diverse examples of ancient semi natural broadleaved woodland remaining in the Vale of York. Two distinct types of woodland are present and their distribution reflects differences in substrate. On the one hand, soils are derived from the underlying Magnesian Limestone and, on the other, from superficial glacial drift. The boundary between the two is remarkably abrupt. Much of the northern part of the wood,, which lies on base rich soils derived from the limestone, has a canopy dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior with scattered silver birch Betula pendula and wych elm Ulmus glabra. Here there is a diverse shrub layer with species such as hazel Corylus avellana, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, spindle Euonymus europaeus, field maple Acer campestre, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and elder Sambucus nigra. The ground flora is largely dominated by dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis with other associates including false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum, enchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana, giant bellflower Campanula latifolia, wood avens Geum urbanum and common dog violet Viola riviniana. Of note is the occurrence of herb paris Paris quadrifolia, a local species which exhibits strong affinities with ancient woodland. In contrast, the southern section of the wood is on more acidic soils derived from glacial drift. The main tree and shrub species in this community are oak Quercus robur, birch and hazel. More locally rowan Sorbus aucuparia, crab apple Malus sylvestris and aspen Populus tremula occur. Typical components of the ground flora include wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata, bracken Pteridium aquilinum, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and bramble Rubus fruticosus. Within the northern section on steeper valley slopes running down to the River Nidd the canopy is dominated by sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus together with scattered elm and ash, but a series of small wet flushed gullies are characterised by alder Alnus glutinosa over a field layer composed of meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens, yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum and opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium. The wood has a varied breeding bird fauna with 52 species recorded. These include sparrowhawk, woodcock, great spotted woodpecker, marsh tit, treecreeper, redstart, blackcap, garden warbler, spotted flycatcher and tree pipit.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
treecreeper Certhia familiaris LC (Breeding) bird-creeper certhiidae
sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus NT (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
tree pipit Anthus trivialis LC (Breeding) bird-pipit motacillidae
spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata LC (Breeding) bird-robin muscicapidae
redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus LC (Breeding) bird-robin muscicapidae
marsh tit Poecile palustris VU (Breeding) bird-tit paridae
blackcap Sylvia atricapilla LC (Breeding) bird-warbler sylviidae
garden warbler Sylvia borin LC (Breeding) bird-warbler sylviidae
woodcock Scolopax rusticola LC (NonBreeding), VU (Breeding) bird-woodcock scolopacidae
great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major LC (Breeding) bird-woodpecker picidae
broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata LC fern dryopteridaceae
bracken Pteridium aquilinum LC fern dennstaedtiaceae
wood false brome Brachypodium sylvaticum LC grass poaceae
creeping soft grass Holcus mollis LC grass poaceae
giant bellflower Campanula latifolia VU herb campanulaceae
opposite-leaved golden- saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium LC herb saxifragaceae
enchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana LC herb onagraceae
meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria LC herb rosaceae
herb bennet Geum urbanum LC herb rosaceae
bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta LC herb liliaceae
yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum LC herb primulaceae
dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis LC herb euphorbiaceae
wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella LC herb oxalidaceae
herb paris Paris quadrifolia VU herb melanthiaceae
creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens LC herb ranunculaceae
bramble Rubus fruticosus LC herb rosaceae
common dog violet Viola riviniana LC herb violaceae
dogwood Cornus sanguinea LC shrub cornaceae
hawthorn Crataegus monogyna LC shrub rosaceae
spindle tree Euonymus europaeus LC shrub celastraceae
elder Sambucus nigra LC shrub caprifoliaceae
field maple Acer campestre LC tree aceraceae
sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Not listed in GB list tree aceraceae
alder Alnus glutinosa LC tree salicaceae
birch Betula pendula LC tree betulaceae
hazel Corylus avellana LC tree corylaceae
ash Fraxinus excelsior LC tree oleaceae
crab apple Malus sylvestris LC tree rosaceae
aspen Populus tremula LC tree salicaceae
common oak Quercus robur LC tree fagaceae
rowan Sorbus aucuparia LC tree rosaceae
wych elm Ulmus glabra LC tree ulmaceae

Plant communities

W25 — Bracken scrub

Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub

Matches 12 species from the description above: Acer pseudoplatanus, Circaea lutetiana, Crataegus monogyna, Dryopteris dilatata, Fraxinus excelsior, Holcus mollis, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Mercurialis perennis, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus robur, Sambucus nigra, Viola riviniana

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas

M27 — Limestone pavement, Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire

Matches 3 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Pteridium aquilinum, Ranunculus repens

Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum

M22 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture

Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Salix cinerea, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex disticha, Carex elata, Carex flacca, Carex hirta, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula multiflora, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Oenanthe lachenalii, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium dissectum, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria palustris, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Hypericum tetrapterum, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin palustre, Ajuga reptans, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Epipactis palustris, Pedicularis palustris, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla reptans, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Briza media, Calamagrostis canescens, Cynosurus cristatus, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Ophioglossum vulgatum, Thelypteris palustris

M24 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture

Molinia caerulea-Cirsium dissectum fen-meadow

Matches 2 species from the description above: Alnus glutinosa, Filipendula ulmaria

Salix cinerea, Salix repens, Alnus glutinosa, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum subnitens, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium dissectum, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Leontodon saxatilis, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Cerastium fontanum, Silene flos-cuculi, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Vicia cracca, Hypericum tetrapterum, Hypericum undulatum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Linum catharticum, Lythrum salicaria, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza maculata, Epipactis palustris, Gymnadenia conopsea, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago lanceolata, Polygala vulgaris, Rumex acetosa, Anagallis tenella, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Galium verum, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M28 — Lowland fen

Iris pseudacorus-Filipendula ulmaria mire

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex prostrata, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Geranium robertianum, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Galeopsis tetrahit, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Montia fontana, Epilobium palustre, Plantago lanceolata, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Dryopteris expansa

S14 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Sparganium erectum swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Holcus mollis

Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Sparganium erectum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Angelica sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Apium nodiflorum, Oenanthe crocata, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Hesperis matronalis, Nasturtium officinale, Butomus umbellatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Wolffia arrhiza, Lythrum salicaria, Nuphar lutea, Epilobium hirsutum, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Persicaria maculosa, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex crispus, Groenlandia densa, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis canina, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia

S15 — Lowland fen

Acorus calamus swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Holcus mollis, Ranunculus repens

Salix cinerea, Solanum dulcamara, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus bufonius, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Pohlia annotina, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Marchantia polymorpha sens.lat., Riccia fluitans, Acorus calamus, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Angelica sylvestris, Apium nodiflorum, Cirsium palustre, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Stellaria alsine, Crassula helmsii, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium adenocaulon, Mimulus guttatus, Persicaria maculosa, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex acetosa, Rumex hydrolapathum, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus repens, Galium palustre, Urtica dioica, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

S18 — Lowland fen

Carex otrubae swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Solanum dulcamara, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex acutiformis, Carex otrubae, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Leptodictyum riparium, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Angelica sylvestris, Sium latifolium, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Sonchus arvensis, Cardamine pratensis, Ceratophyllum demersum, Atriplex hastata, Atriplex patula, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum telmateia, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Geranium dissectum, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium hirsutum, Plantago major, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis stolonifera, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Phragmites australis, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Typha latifolia

S23 — Lowland fen

Other water-margin vegetation

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Sparganium erectum, Alisma lanceolatum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Apium nodiflorum, Berula erecta, Oenanthe fistulosa, Myosotis laxa, Nasturtium officinale, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Spirodelia polyrhiza, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium parviflorum, Veronica catenata, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Lysimachia vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus circinatus, Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus sceleratus, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Scrophularia auriculata, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Catabrosa aquatica, Elytrigia repens, Glyceria fluitans, Glyceria maxima, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

S24 — Lowland fen

Phragmites australis-Peucedanum palustris tall-herb fen

Matches 2 species from the description above: Alnus glutinosa, Filipendula ulmaria

Salix cinerea, Salix repens, Betula pubescens, Alnus glutinosa, Myrica gale, Frangula alnus, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex diandra, Carex elata, Carex lasiocarpa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex pseudocyperus, Carex riparia, Cladium mariscus, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Fissidens adianthoides, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium elodes, Aneura pinguis, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Cicuta virosa, Oenanthe fistulosa, Oenanthe lachenalii, Sium latifolium, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium dissectum, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Impatiens capensis, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria palustris, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus palustris, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Hypericum tetrapterum, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Epilobium parviflorum, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Epipactis palustris, Pedicularis palustris, Rhinanthus minor, Rumex hydrolapathum, Lysimachia vulgaris, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Thalictrum flavum, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Calamagrostis canescens, Calamagrostis epigejos, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Thelypteris palustris, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia

S25 — Lowland fen, Reedbed

Phragmites australis-Eupatorium cannabinum tall-herb fen

Matches 2 species from the description above: Alnus glutinosa, Filipendula ulmaria

Salix cinerea, Alnus glutinosa, Myrica gale, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acuta, Carex elata, Carex paniculata, Carex riparia, Cladium mariscus, Juncus subnodulosus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Myosotis scorpioides, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium hirsutum, Pedicularis palustris, Rumex crispus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Arrhenatherum elatius, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Thelypteris palustris, Athyrium filix-femina, Typha angustifolia

S26 — Lowland fen, Reedbed

Phragmites australis-Urtica dioica tall-herb fen

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Solanum dulcamara, Carex acuta, Carex otrubae, Carex riparia, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Apium nodiflorum, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Sonchus arvensis, Myosotis scorpioides, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Calystegia sepium, Dipsacus fullonum, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Typha latifolia

S27 — Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Potentilla palustris tall-herb fen

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Salix cinerea, Solanum dulcamara, Carex appropinquata, Carex aquatilis, Carex diandra, Carex elata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rivulare, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Apium nodiflorum, Sium latifolium, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine amara, Cardamine pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria palustris, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum elodes, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Epipactis palustris, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Veronica scutellata, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex hydrolapathum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris cristata, Typha latifolia

S28 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Phalaris arundinacea tall-herb fen

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Solanum dulcamara, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus effusus, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Nasturtium officinale, Atriplex hastata, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Mentha aquatica, Epilobium hirsutum, Callitriche stagnalis, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Deschampsia cespitosa, Elytrigia repens, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa trivialis, Puccinellia maritima, Typha angustifolia

S3 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Carex paniculata swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Dryopteris dilatata, Filipendula ulmaria

Solanum dulcamara, Carex paniculata, Carex riparia, Sparganium erectum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Equisetum fluviatile, Lotus pedunculatus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Rumex hydrolapathum, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris dilatata, Athyrium filix-femina, Typha latifolia

S5 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Glyceria maxima swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Solanum dulcamara, Carex acuta, Carex otrubae, Carex riparia, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Riccia fluitans, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Angelica sylvestris, Apium inundatum, Berula erecta, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Myosotis scorpioides, Nasturtium officinale, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium hirsutum, Callitriche stagnalis, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Rumex obtusifolius, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Urtica dioica, Alopecurus pratensis, Glyceria maxima, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis

S6 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Carex riparia swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Dryopteris dilatata, Filipendula ulmaria

Solanum dulcamara, Carex acuta, Carex elata, Carex riparia, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Calliergon giganteum, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Nasturtium officinale, Valeriana officinalis, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Callitriche stagnalis, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris dilatata, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia

S7 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen

Carex acutiformis swamp

Matches 2 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria, Ranunculus repens

Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex paniculata, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Sparganium erectum, Brachythecium rivulare, Angelica sylvestris, Cicuta virosa, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Cardamine amara, Valeriana officinalis, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum aviculare, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

M13 — Lowland fen

Schoenus nigricans-Juncus subnodulosus mire

Matches 1 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria

Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex diandra, Carex dioica, Carex elata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rostrata, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum latifolium, Isolepis setacea, Schoenus nigricans, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Philonotis calcarea, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Fissidens adianthoides, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Palustriella commutatum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Scorpidium revolvens, Sphagnum subnitens, Lophocolea bidentata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Riccardia chamedryfolia, Riccardia multifida, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium dissectum, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Leontodon saxatilis, Serratula tinctoria, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Triglochin palustre, Mentha aquatica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Utricularia spp., Linum catharticum, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza praetermissa, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Dactylorhiza traunsteinerioides, Epipactis palustris, Gymnadenia conopsea, Ophrys insectifera, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Plantago maritima, Polygala vulgaris, Potamogeton coloratus, Anagallis tenella, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M25 — Blanket bog, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland acid grassland

Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire

Matches 1 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria

Salix cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia urens, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Osmunda regalis

M9 — Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Calliergon cuspidatum/giganteum mire

Matches 1 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria

Salix cinerea, Salix repens, Betula pubescens, Carex appropinquata, Carex demissa, Carex diandra, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lasiocarpa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex limosa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex serotina, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus subnodulosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum inundatum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Aneura pinguis, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Pyrola rotundifolia, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Triglochin palustre, Mentha aquatica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Utricularia spp., Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Pedicularis palustris, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scutellaria galericulata, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

S11 — Lowland fen, Turlough and fluctuation mere, Upland spring flush

Carex vesicaria swamp

Matches 1 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria

Carex aquatilis, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus effusus, Calliergon cordifolium, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Myosotis scorpioides, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum fluviatile, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Veronica scutellata, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

S12 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Typha latifolia swamp

Matches 1 species from the description above: Ranunculus repens

Solanum dulcamara, Carex rostrata, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Acorus calamus, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Apium nodiflorum, Berula erecta, Cicuta virosa, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Nasturtium officinale, Chenopodium album, Equisetum fluviatile, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Callitriche obtusangula, Callitriche stagnalis, Persicaria maculosa, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Ranunculus sceleratus, Comarum palustre, Galium palustre, Urtica dioica, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea, Typha latifolia

S16 — Lowland fen

Sagittaria sagittifolia swamp

Matches 1 species from the description above: Ranunculus repens

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Sparganium emersum, Sparganium erectum, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Equisetum palustre, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Mentha aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Spirodela polyrhiza, Ranunculus repens, Galium palustre, Glyceria fluitans, Glyceria maxima

S19 — Lowland fen, Turlough and fluctuation mere, Upland spring flush

Eleocharis palustris swamp

Matches 1 species from the description above: Ranunculus repens

Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Juncus gerardii, Drepanocladus fluitans, Fontinalis antipyretica, Scorpidium scorpioides, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Trifolium repens, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Triglochin maritimum, Mentha aquatica, Utricularia minor, Littorella uniflora, Plantago maritima, Persicaria maculosa, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

S4 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake, Reedbed

Phragmites australis swamp and reed-beds

Matches 1 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria

Salix cinerea, Atriplex portulacoides, Solanum dulcamara, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex acuta, Carex lasiocarpa, Carex otrubae, Carex panicea, Carex pseudocyperus, Carex riparia, Carex rostrata, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Leptodictyum riparium, Sphagnum fallax, Suaeda maritima, Angelica sylvestris, Apium graveolens, Berula erecta, Cicuta virosa, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe fistulosa, Oenanthe lachenalii, Sium latifolium, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Atriplex hastata, Atriplex littoralis, Salicornia dolichostachya, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium hirsutum, Callitriche stagnalis, Hippuris vulgaris, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Limonium vulgare, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Ranunculus sceleratus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Puccinellia maritima, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia, Chara subspinosa

S8 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Scirpus lacustris ssp. lacustris swamp

Matches 1 species from the description above: Filipendula ulmaria

Solanum dulcamara, Carex canescens, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Schoenoplectus lacustris, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Ceratophyllum demersum, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Hydrocharis morsus-ranae, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Stachys palustris, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Spirodela polyrhiza, Utricularia minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nuphar lutea, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum bistorta, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Solanum nigrum, Agrostis canina, Glyceria fluitans, Phragmites australis, Typha latifolia

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

S1 — Lowland fen

Carex elata swamp

Salix cinerea, Solanum dulcamara, Carex elata, Carex nigra, Cladium mariscus, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus subnodulosus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Berula erecta, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Cardamine pratensis, Equisetum palustre, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Epipactis palustris, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus lingua, Comarum palustre, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis

S10 — Lowland fen

Equisetum fluviatile swamp

Solanum dulcamara, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Calliergon cordifolium, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Rorippa islandica, Equisetum fluviatile, Lemna minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Callitriche stagnalis, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Galium palustre

S13 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Typha angustifolia swamp

Solanum dulcamara, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Juncus effusus, Calliergon cordifolium, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Calystegia sepium, Elatine hydropiper, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Iris pseudacorus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium hirsutum, Callitriche obtusangula, Littorella uniflora, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex hydrolapathum, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton pectinatus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Agrostis stolonifera, Glyceria fluitans, Glyceria maxima, Glyceria notata, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia

S17 — Lowland fen

Carex pseudocyperus swamp

Solanum dulcamara, Carex pseudocyperus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Sparganium erectum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Anthriscus sylvestris, Berula erecta, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Stellaria alsine, Dipsacus fullonum, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Rumex crispus, Rumex hydrolapathum, Rumex obtusifolius, Ranunculus lingua, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

S2 — Lowland fen

Cladium mariscus swamp and sedge-beds

Salix cinerea, Myrica gale, Solanum dulcamara, Carex elata, Carex lasiocarpa, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Cladium mariscus, Juncus subnodulosus, Fissidens adianthoides, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Scorpidium scorpioides, Sphagnum subnitens, Riccardia multifida, Caltha palustris, Equisetum palustre, Mentha aquatica, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Hippuris vulgaris, Comarum palustre, Galium palustre, Phragmites australis, Chara subspinosa

S20 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Scirpus lacustris ssp. tabernaemontani swamp

Solanum dulcamara, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex otrubae, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Apium graveolens, Oenanthe lachenalii, Cochlearia anglica, Atriplex hastata, Chenopodium rubrum, Triglochin maritimum, Rumex hydrolapathum, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus sceleratus, Potentilla anserina, Ruppia maritima, Agrostis stolonifera, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima, Spartina anglica, Typha angustifolia, Typha latifolia

S21 — Lowland fen, Nutrient rich eutrophic lake

Scirpus maritimus swamp

Atriplex portulacoides, Bolboschoenus maritimus, Carex nigra, Carex otrubae, Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis uniglumis, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Juncus maritimus, Amblystegium serpens, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus aduncus, Suaeda maritima, Apium graveolens, Berula erecta, Oenanthe crocata, Oenanthe lachenalii, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Aster tripolium, Caltha palustris, Cirsium arvense, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia anglica, Cochlearia officinalis, Spergularia marina, Spergularia media, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex hastata, Salicornia dolichostachya, Calystegia sepium, Iris pseudacorus, Triglochin maritimum, Mentha aquatica, Epilobium parviflorum, Plantago maritima, Limonium vulgare, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Samolus valerandi, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus sceleratus, Potentilla anserina, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Ruppia maritima, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Glyceria maxima, Phragmites australis, Puccinellia distans, Puccinellia maritima, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Spartina anglica

S22 — Lowland fen

Glyceria fluitans water-margin vegetation

Solanum dulcamara, Carex otrubae, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus articulatus, Sparganium erectum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Apium nodiflorum, Myosotis scorpioides, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Rumex crispus, Ranunculus lingua, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Glyceria fluitans, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

S9 — Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata swamp

Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Calliergon giganteum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium palustre, Pedicularis palustris, Littorella uniflora, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Chara subspinosa

Insects to look out for

These moths and butterflies are known to feed on plants recorded at this site, and carry a notable UK conservation status — but a host-plant being present doesn't mean the insect has actually been recorded here. Treat this as "worth watching for," not a confirmed sighting.

SpeciesStatusVia host-plant
High brown fritillary
Fabriciana adippe
Critically Endangered Viola riviniana
Pearl-bordered fritillary
Boloria euphrosyne
Endangered Viola riviniana
Chequered skipper
Carterocephalus palaemon
Endangered Brachypodium sylvaticum
Oak lutestring
Cymatophorina diluta
Endangered Quercus robur
Figure of eight
Diloba caeruleocephala
Endangered Crataegus spp.
Dark bordered beauty
Epione vespertaria
Endangered Populus tremula
Maple pug
Eupithecia inturbata
Endangered Acer campestre
The lappet
Gastropacha quercifolia
Endangered Crataegus monogyna, Malus spp.
Scarce vapourer
Orgyia recens
Endangered Alnus glutinosa, Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Filipendula ulmaria, Quercus spp., Rubus fruticosus, Ulmus spp.
White-letter hairstreak
Satyrium w-album
Endangered Ulmus glabra, Ulmus spp.
Mouse moth
Amphipyra tragopoginis
Vulnerable Crataegus spp.
The sprawler
Asteroscopus sphinx
Vulnerable Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Populus spp., Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
Broom moth
Ceramica pisi
Vulnerable Betula spp., Pteridium aquilinum, Rubus fruticosus, Ulmus spp.
Scarce chocolate-tip
Clostera anachoreta
Vulnerable Populus spp., Populus tremula
Mottled umber
Erannis defoliaria
Vulnerable Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Populus tremula, Quercus spp., Sorbus aucuparia, Ulmus spp.
Satyr pug
Eupithecia satyrata
Vulnerable Filipendula ulmaria
Grayling
Hipparchia semele
Vulnerable Brachypodium sylvaticum
The lackey
Malacosoma neustria
Vulnerable Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Quercus spp., Rubus fruticosus, Ulmus spp.
Pale brindled
Phigalia pilosaria
Vulnerable Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula, Cornus sanguinea, Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Fraxinus excelsior, Populus spp., Quercus spp., Ulmus glabra
Grizzled skipper
Pyrgus malvae
Vulnerable Geum urbanum, Rubus fruticosus
Early moth
Theria primaria
Vulnerable Crataegus monogyna, Quercus spp.
Pale eggar
Trichiura crataegi
Vulnerable Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Malus sylvestris, Populus spp., Quercus spp., Rubus fruticosus
Oak hook-tip
Watsonalla binaria
Vulnerable Betula pendula, Quercus robur
Flounced chestnut
Agrochola helvola
Near Threatened Betula spp., Crataegus monogyna, Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
Beaded chestnut
Agrochola lychnidis
Near Threatened Crataegus monogyna, Ranunculus spp.
Grey chi
Antitype chi
Near Threatened Crataegus monogyna
Purple emperor
Apatura iris
Near Threatened Populus tremula
Garden tiger
Arctia caja
Near Threatened Pteridium aquilinum, Sorbus aucuparia
Small pearl-bordered
Boloria selene
Near Threatened Viola riviniana
Minor shoulder-knot
Brachylomia viminalis
Near Threatened Populus tremula
Light crimson underwing
Catocala promissa
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Dark crimson underwing
Catocala sponsa
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Dusky-lemon sallow
Cirrhia gilvago
Near Threatened Ulmus glabra
The sallow
Cirrhia icteritia
Near Threatened Populus spp., Ulmus glabra
Dingy mocha
Cyclophora pendularia
Near Threatened Alnus glutinosa
Heart moth
Dicycla oo
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Kentish glory
Endromis versicolora
Near Threatened Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula
Large thorn
Ennomos autumnaria
Near Threatened Acer pseudoplatanus, Alnus glutinosa, Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Populus spp., Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
September thorn
Ennomos erosaria
Near Threatened Betula spp., Quercus spp.
Dusky thorn
Ennomos fuscantaria
Near Threatened Fraxinus excelsior
Autumnal rustic
Eugnorisma glareosa
Near Threatened Betula spp., Hyacinthoides non-scripta
Grey pug
Eupithecia subfuscata
Near Threatened Crataegus monogyna, Populus tremula
White-spotted pug
Eupithecia tripunctaria
Near Threatened Sambucus nigra
Double dart
Graphiphora augur
Near Threatened Betula spp., Crataegus spp., Quercus spp., Ulmus spp.
Wall
Lasiommata megera
Near Threatened Brachypodium sylvaticum
Clay fan-foot
Paracolax tristalis
Near Threatened Quercus spp.
Common fan-foot
Pechipogo strigilata
Near Threatened Quercus robur
Frosted green
Polyploca ridens
Near Threatened Quercus robur
White prominent
Leucodonta bicoloria
Regionally Extinct Betula spp.

Hostplant data: Cook et al. (2025), Traits data for the butterflies and macro-moths of Great Britain and Ireland, 2024, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology / Butterfly Conservation (Open Government Licence). Contains data supplied by UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology.