Knockninny Hill
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Geology & landscape
Geological Feature: Karst · Geological Period: Carboniferous · Rock Type: Limestone
Landscape processes: Karst
Birds & fish recorded
Fish
| Species | Season |
|---|---|
| Grayling | Unknown |
Description
Knockninny Hill Higher plant assemblage, Invertebrate assemblage Calcareous grassland, Mixed ashwoods The area is of special scientific interest because of its limestone Karst features and flora and fauna. Karst features consist of localised exposures of limestone pavement. Biological interest is related to the quality and diversity of the base-rich woodland and grassland, and the rich assemblage of invertebrates. Several rare species are present. Knockninny Hill is a residual block of hard limestone from the Lower Carboniferous Age and includes the summit plateau and steep flanks of the hill, in addition to lower ground to the east. Limestone pavement occurs on the swnmit and northern flanks of the hill. This is a Karst feature that is rare in the British Isles generally, and in Northern Ireland is confined to County Fermanagh. It was formed by the scouring action of the ice during the last Ice Age, some 10,000 years ago. Water action then widened the cracks in the limestone to form a complex pattern of crevices known as grikes, between which are massive blocks of worn limestone called glints. The summit and northern slopes support a rich, limestone grassland plant community. This is characterised by a short, grazed sward that includes such plants as blue moor grass Sesleria caerulea, glaucous sedge Carex flacca, mouse_ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum, devils-bit scabious Succisa pratensis, ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, lady's bedstraw Galium verum, eyebright Euphrasia spp. and quaking grass Briza media. Common mosses include Ctenidium molluscum, Dicranum scoparium and Tortella tortuosa. In addition to its species-richmess, this grassland supports a number of notable plants including mountain everlasting Antennaria dioica and mossy saxifrage Saxifraga hypnoides, and a diverse orchid population with small-white orchid Pseudorchis albida, fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea, frog orchid Coeloglossum viride and pyramidal orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis. Of particular note, dense flowered orchid Neotinea maculata is present in only its second known Northern Ireland location. The steep, rocky flanks of the hill are covered by well-developed woodland that is characteristic of shallow, limestone soils. The canopy is dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior and hazel Corylus avellana. The ground flora is typically species-rich and contains such species as wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, ivy Hedera helix, barren strawberry Potentilla sterilis, primrose Primula vulgaris, lords and ladies Arum maculatum, pignut Conopodium majus and water avens Geum rivale. Lower plants are also well-represented and include mosses such as Cirriphyllum piliferum, Eurhynchium striatum, Eurhynchium praelongum, Thamnobryum alopecurum and Plagiomnium undulaturn. The woodland supports a number of notable species such as Columbine Aquilegia vulgaris and stone bramble Rubus saxatilis, and includes the very rare yellow birds nest Hypopitys monotropa. A series of old meadows occurs on the deeper, heavier clay soils around the lower slopes of the hill. Flushing by base-rich water from the upper slopes has produced a species-rich sward. Grasses such as sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, meadow foxtail Alopecurus pratensis, crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus and Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus are generally dominant. These are typically intermixed with sedges including glaucous sedge Carex flacca, wood sedge Carex sylvatica and oval sedge Carex leporina, and herbs such as common knapweed Centaurea nigra and lady's mantle Alchemilla glabra. Greater butterfly orchid Platanthera chlorantha occasionally occurs. Where flushing is more pronounced, sharp flowered rush Juncus acutiflorus becomes more frequent, in addition to sedges such as carnation sedge Carex panicea and flea sedge Carex pulicaris, and wetland herbs such as meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria, tormentil Potentilla erecta and devils-bit scabious Succisa pratensis. The moss Calliergonell cuspidatum forms an underlying mat. Knockninny Hill is also important for Lepidoptera, butterflies and moths, with 15 species of butterflies believed to breed there. Grayling Hipparchia semele is of particular note, as this is the only known inland breeding site for this species. Other notable invertebrates include the millipede Brachyiulus pusillus and the woodlouse Armadillidium pulchellum, both of which are very locally distributed in Northern Ireland. https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/knockninny-hill-assi
Species mentioned
Show the 48 species mentioned in the description, with red-list statusPlant communities
CG9 — Limestone pavement, Lowland calcareous grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Sesleria albicans-Galium sterneri grassland
Show 107 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Carex capillaris, Carex caryophyllea, Carex eragrostis, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Selaginella selaginoides, Rhodobryum roseum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia barbata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania aspera, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pocillum, Cladonia rangiformis, Cornicularia aculeata, Pimpinella saxifraga, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Carlina vulgaris, Cirsium vulgare, Leontodon hispidus, Pilosella officinarum, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cochlearia alpina, Draba incana, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia verna, Parnassia palustris, Helianthemum oelandicum icanum, Sedum acre, Anthyllis vulneraria, Hippocrepis comosa, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentiana verna, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala vulgaris, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Dryas octopetala, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Asperula cynanchica, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga hypnoides, Viola hirta, Viola riviniana, Viola rupestris, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Sesleria caerulea
CG10 — Brownfield, Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Thymus praecox grassland
Show 129 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex demissa, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pallens, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cetraria islandica, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Cirsium palustre, Hieraclium spp., Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Cardamine pratensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium repens, Gentianella campestris, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Euphrasia scottica, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla wichurae, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rubus idaeus, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Galium sterneri, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Aira praecox, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma
CG11 — Upland calcareous grassland
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Alchemilla alpina grass-heath
Show 115 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Viola canina, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria, Thelypteris limbosperma
CG13 — Limestone pavement, Upland calcareous grassland
Dryas octopetala-Carex flacca heath
Show 95 indicator speciesSalix repens, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rupestris, Schoenus nigricans, Luzula campestris, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens dubius, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Entodon concinnus, Homalothecium lutescens, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Neckera complanata, Neckera crispa, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhytidium rugosum, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tortella tortuosa, Frullania tamarisci, Plagiochila asplenioides, Scapania undulata, Cladonia rangiformis, Solorina saccata, Daucus carota, Antennaria dioica, Bellis perennis, Centaurea nigra, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Pilosella officinarum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Anthyllis vulneraria, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Gentianella amarella, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epipactis atrorubens, Neottia ovata, Orchis mascula, Euphrasia confusa, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago maritima, Plantago media, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Dryas octopetala, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Saxifraga aizoides, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Cynosurus cristatus, Danthonia decumbens, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Koeleria macrantha, Molinia caerulea, Polystichum aculeatum
M5 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush
Carex rostrata-Sphagnum squarrosum mire
Show 50 indicator speciesCarex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis
M10 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush
Carex dioica-Pinguicula vulgaris mire
Show 99 indicator speciesErica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum latifolium, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Schoenus ferrugineus, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus alpinoarticulatus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Catoscopium nigritum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum subnitens, Scapania aspera, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Minuartia stricta, Minuartia verna, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula lusitanica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Saxifraga aizoides, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea
M26 — Limestone pavement, Purple moor grass and rush pasture
Molinia caerulea-Crepis paludosa mire
Show 63 indicator speciesCarex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Aulacomnium palustre, Plagiomnium undulatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campylium elodes, Climacium dendroides, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Leontodon hispidus, Serratula tinctoria, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium repens, Menyanthes trifoliata, Rhinanthus minor, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus auricomus, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis
M27 — Limestone pavement, Lowland fen, Upland spring flush
Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire
Show 104 indicator speciesCarex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum
OV38 — Limestone pavement, Scree
Gymnocarpium robertianum-Arrhenatherum elatius community
Show 58 indicator speciesRosa spinosissima, Rubus saxatilis, Carex flacca, Bryum capillare, Dicranum scoparium, Distichium capillaceum, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Grimmia pulvinata, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Schistidium apocarpum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Campyliadelphus chrysophyllus, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidium rugosum, Tortella tortuosa, Cladonia pocillum, Centaurea nigra, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leontodon hispidus, Mycelis muralis, Pilosella officinarum, Tussilago farfara, Arabis hirsuta, Campanula rotundifolia, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium molle, Geranium robertianum, Origanum vulgare, Teucrium scorodonia, Oxalis acetosella, Aquilegia vulgaris, Thalictrum minus, Fragaria vesca, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Viola riviniana, Arrhenatherum elatius, Avenula pratensis, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Poa pratensis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Dryopteris filix-mas, Cystopteris fragilis, Gymnocarpium robertianum
OV39 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope
Asplenium trichomanes-Asplenium ruta-muraria community
Show 53 indicator speciesBryum capillare, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Schistidium apocarpum, Homalothecium sericeum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Neckera crispa, Syntrichia intermedia, Tortella tortuosa, Tortula muralis, Tortula ruralis, Tortula subulata, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Riccia sorocarpa, Targionia hypophylla, Cladonia pocillum, Dermatocarpon lachnaeum, Dermatocarpon miniatum, Squamarina cartilaginea, Toninia caeruleonigricans, Carlina vulgaris, Centaurea scabiosa, Pilosella officinarum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Hornungia petraea, Campanula rotundifolia, Scabiosa columbaria, Arenaria serpyllifolia, Silene nutans, Sedum acre, Medicago lupulina, Geranium molle, Acinos arvensis, Teucrium scorodonia, Thymus praecox, Veronica arvensis, Potentilla tabernaemontani, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Saxifraga tridactylites, Aira caryophyllea, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Aphanes arvensis, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Asplenium ceterach, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium trichomanes, Anogramma leptophylla
OV40 — Limestone pavement, Rocky slope
Asplenium viride-Cystopteris fragilis community
Show 35 indicator speciesPlagiobryum zieri, Pohlia cruda, Fissidens dubius, Encalypta streptocarpa, Ctenidium molluscum, Homalothecium sericeum, Isopterygiopsis pulchella, Neckera crispa, Orthothecium intricatum, Orthothecium rufescens, Anoectangium aestivum, Tortella tortuosa, Trichostomum crispulum, Weissia controversa, Plagiochila porelloides, Porella platyphylla, Reboulia hemisphaerica, Pellia endiviifolia, Solorina saccata, Campanula rotundifolia, Geranium robertianum, Thymus praecox, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium sterneri, Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca ovina, Koeleria macrantha, Asplenium ruta-muraria, Asplenium scolopendrium, Asplenium trichomanes, Asplenium viride, Polystichum aculeatum, Polystichum lonchitis, Anogramma leptophylla, Cystopteris fragilis
U4 — Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Festuca ovina-Agrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland
Show 82 indicator speciesCalluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex caryophyllea, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Lophocolea bidentata, Conopodium majus, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Taraxacum officianalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Poterium sanguisorba, Galium saxatile, Galium verum, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Avenula pratensis, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Lolium perenne, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Chara curta
U5 — Upland acid grassland, Upland calcareous grassland
Nardus stricta-Galium saxatile grassland
Show 79 indicator speciesEmpetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia uncialis, Cirsium palustre, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Equisetum palustre, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Trifolium repens, Narthecium ossifragum, Plantago lanceolata, Polygala serpyllifolia, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant
W9 — Altantic hazel wood, Limestone pavement, Upland mixed ash wood
Fraxinus excelsior-Sorbus aucuparia-Mercurialis perennis woodland
Show 136 indicator speciesHedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pallescens, Carex sylvatica, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens curnovii, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Ctenidium molluscum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium alopecuroides, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium succulentum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Adoxa moschatellina, Angelica sylvestris, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Arum maculatum, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Jacobaea vulgaris, Tussilago farfara, Cardamine flexuosa, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Vicia sepium, Geranium robertianum, Geranium sylvaticum, Ajuga reptans, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Circaea x intermedia, Epilobium montanum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica montana, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla xanthochlora, Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Potentilla erecta, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Cruciata laevipes, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Asplenium scolopendrium, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina