Lower River Spey

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 57.6470, -3.0994

Also within

Moray County

Condition (NatureScot)

Favourable (1) Unfavourable No Change (2)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
F1 Fluvial Geomorphology of Scotland Favourable 2012-03-28
F2 River shingle/sand Unfavourable No Change 2005-03-31
F3 Wet woodland Unfavourable No Change 2015-02-18

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Peatland

Peat habitats store centuries of carbon and depend on a stable, waterlogged water table. Warmer, drier summers dry out peat, making it far more vulnerable to wildfire and to carbon release — a pressure that can undo years of restoration work regardless of how well the site is otherwise managed.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Floodplain

Landscape processes: Coastal, Fluvial, Peatland / Mire

Description

Lower River Spey The Lower River Spey is located 12 km east of Elgin. Geomorphology The Lower River Spey is unique within Scotland in comprising an actively braided channel right down to the river mouth. Within the site there are excellent examples of a range of shingle bar forms developed at a large scale for British rivers. These lower reaches of the Spey are characterised by unusually steep slopes, a wide potential floodplain over which the channel can migrate, cobble-size bed material and a flashy runoff regime. The neighbouring floodplain area has extensive palaeochannels, some of which can be attributed to the catastrophic 1829 flood event. The availability of diverse historical sources also makes it possible to examine fluctuations in the intensity of braiding over the last 200 years. Habitats The extensive area of river shingle deposits in the lower River Spey floodplain supports a range of shingle-related habitats on a scale which is exceptional in Britain. A wide variety of vegetation types has developed reflecting the succession from presently mobile, unstable conditions to those which have been stable for considerably longer. Alongside the present river channel itself there are extensive areas of largely bare shingle and sand which are still regularly flooded and/or have only recently been deposited. These support a diverse flora of rapidly colonising species including some more commonly associated with coastal habitats (e.g. sea campion Silene uniflora), or montane habitats (e.g. alpine lady's-mantle Alchemilla alpina). Willows are abundant, particularly around recently abandoned channels which are also rapidly colonised by fringing and aquatic plants including curled pondweed Potamogeton crispus, marestail Hippuris vulgaris, bottle and water sedge Carex rostrata and C. aquatilis. With increasing stability, drier shingles have developed a mosaic of mixed scrub (gorse, broom, rose etc) with a variety of heath plants and open grassland, which in places is species rich. In more stable damper situations there are large stands of floodplain valley alder woodland, with dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, ground ivy Glechoma hederacea and remote sedge Carex remota. This is considered to be one of the best areas of floodplain woodland in Britain. In the old river channels themselves a fen vegetation including greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata occurs below a canopy of alder and willows.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
lady's mantle Alchemilla alpina LC herb rosaceae
ground ivy Glechoma hederacea LC herb lamiaceae
mare's tail Hippuris vulgaris LC herb plantaginaceae
dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis LC herb euphorbiaceae
curled pondweed Potamogeton crispus LC herb potamogetonaceae
sea campion Silene uniflora LC herb carophyllaceae
greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata LC sedge cyperaceae
remote sedge Carex remota LC sedge cyperaceae
mire bottle sedge Carex rostrata LC sedge cyperaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

CG12 — Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland, High montane heath and snow bed

Festuca ovina-Alchemilla alpina-Silene acaulis dwarf-herb community

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex demissa, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus trifidus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Bartramia ithyphylla, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Lescuraea incurvata, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania subalpina, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cardamine pratensis, Draba norvegica, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Sedum rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago maritima, Veronica alpina, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga nivalis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Botrychium lunaria

M2 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Sphagnum cuspidatum/recurvum bog pool community

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Carex canescens, Carex magellanica, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum tenellum, Cephalozia connivens, Cephalozia lunulifolia, Gymnocolea inflata, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

M4 — Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Sphagnum recurvum mire

Carex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex limosa, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Aulacomnium palustre, Hypnum jutlandicum, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Lophocolea bidentata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Stellaria alsine, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum fluviatile, Hypericum elodes, Iris pseudacorus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Montia fontana, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Rumex acetosa, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Comarum palustre, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Galium uliginosum, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Glyceria fluitans, Molinia caerulea

M5 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Sphagnum squarrosum mire

Carex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M6 — Upland spring flush

Carex echinata-Sphagnum recurvum/auriculatum mire

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Carex canescens, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Lophocolea bidentata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Cirsium palustre, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Drosera rotundifolia, Lotus pedunculatus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

M7 — Upland spring flush

Carex curta-Sphagnum russowii mire

Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex aquatilis, Carex bigelowii, Carex canescens, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex rariflora, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Philonotis fontana, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum lindbergii, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum riparium, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Lophozia ventricosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania uliginosa, Scapania undulata, Pellia epiphylla, Cladonia arbuscula, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Epilobium palustre, Trientalis europaea, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta

M8 — Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Sphagnum warnstorfii mire

Salix aurita, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Carex bigelowii, Carex canescens, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rostrata, Carex saxatilis, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicrodontium palustris, Fissidens adianthoides, Brachythecium rivulare, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Ctenidium molluscum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorpidium revolvens, Straminergon stramineum, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tomentypnum nitens, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum subsecundum, Sphagnum teres, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia trichomanis, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Jungermannia atrovirens, Leiocolea bantriensis, Lophocolea bidentata, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania nemorea, Scapania undulata, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Harpanthus flotovianus, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Riccardia multifida, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Cardamine pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Cerastium fontanum, Parnassia palustris, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Triglochin palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Epilobium palustre, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Veronica scutellata, Polygonum viviparum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Trientalis europaea, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla glabra, Alchemilla vestita, Alchemilla vulgaris, Comarum palustre, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta

M9 — Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Calliergon cuspidatum/giganteum mire

Salix cinerea, Salix repens, Betula pubescens, Carex appropinquata, Carex demissa, Carex diandra, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lasiocarpa, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex limosa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex serotina, Cladium mariscus, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus subnodulosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Sphagnum contortum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum inundatum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Aneura pinguis, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Pyrola rotundifolia, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Triglochin palustre, Mentha aquatica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Utricularia spp., Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Dactylorhiza incarnata, Dactylorhiza purpurella, Pedicularis palustris, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Scutellaria galericulata, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phragmites australis

M10 — Limestone pavement, Upland spring flush

Carex dioica-Pinguicula vulgaris mire

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex capillaris, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum latifolium, Kobresia simpliciuscula, Schoenus ferrugineus, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus alpinoarticulatus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Catoscopium nigritum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Ditrichum flexicaule, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Tortella tortuosa, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum subnitens, Scapania aspera, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Leontodon saxatilis, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Minuartia stricta, Minuartia verna, Sagina nodosa, Parnassia palustris, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula lusitanica, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Bartsia alpina, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Plantago maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula farinosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Saxifraga aizoides, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Sesleria caerulea

M11 — Upland spring flush

Carex demissa-Saxifraga aizoides mire

Salix reticulata, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex hostiana, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus alpinoarticulatus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Selaginella selaginoides, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Philonotis calcarea, Philonotis fontana, Dicrodontium palustris, Fissidens adianthoides, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Blindia acuta, Scapania undulata, Conocephalum conicum, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cardamine pratensis, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Equisetum palustre, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Linum catharticum, Narthecium ossifragum, Euphrasia officinalis, Plantago maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

M12 — Upland spring flush, Valley mire

Carex saxatilis mire

Salix herbacea, Carex atrofusca, Carex bigelowii, Carex canescens, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex saxatilis, Carex vaginata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus articulatus, Juncus castaneus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Cinclidium stygium, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Pseudocalliergon trifarium, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum warnstorfii, Anthelia julacea, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Jungermannia obovata, Marsupella emarginata, Scapania irrigua, Scapania uliginosa, Scapania undulata, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Riccardia multifida, Cladonia arbuscula, Caltha palustris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cerastium fontanum, Equisetum palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Tofieldia pusilla, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia officinalis, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Alopecurus alpinus, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta

M20 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Eriophorum vaginatum blanket and raised mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia taylorii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina

M27 — Limestone pavement, Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Filipendula ulmaria-Angelica sylvestris mire

Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex disticha, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex paniculata, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium heterophyllum, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia pyrenaica, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria graminea, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus pedunculatus, Vicia cracca, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium obscurum, Epilobium palustre, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Rumex acetosa, Rumex crispus, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla reptans, Rubus fruticosus agg., Sanguisorba officinalis, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Phragmites australis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum

M29 — Upland spring flush, Valley mire

Hypericum elodes-Potamogeton polygonifolius soakway

Salix cinerea, Erica tetralix, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex hostiana, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Isolepis fluitans, Rhynchospora alba, Eleocharis multicaulis, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium angustifolium, Aulacomnium palustre, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Aneura pinguis, Baldellia ranunculoides, Apium inundatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Cirsium dissectum, Myosotis secunda, Succisa pratensis, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum elodes, Scutellaria minor, Utricularia minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis palustris, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Anagallis tenella, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Potentilla erecta, Galium constrictum, Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Pilularia globulifera

M31 — Upland spring flush

Anthelia julacea-Sphagnum auriculatum spring

Carex bigelowii, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Huperzia selago, Philonotis fontana, Pohlia ludwigii, Campylopus atrovirens, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum auriculatum, Anthelia julacea, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Marsupella emarginata, Mylia taylorii, Nardia scalaris, Scapania undulata, Aneura pinguis, Saussurea alpina, Taraxacum officianalis, Cerastium fontanum, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Plantago maritima, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

M32 — Upland spring flush

Philonotis fontana-Saxifraga stellaris spring

Carex bigelowii, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Selaginella selaginoides, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Bryum weigelii, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicrodontium palustris, Brachythecium plumosum, Brachythecium rivulare, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hygrohypnum ochraceum, Palustriella commutatum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorpidium revolvens, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Jungermannia exsertifolia, Jungermannia sphaerocarpa, Nardia scalaris, Scapania uliginosa, Scapania undulata, Marchantia polymorpha sens.lat., Aneura pinguis, Pellia epiphylla, Bellis perennis, Caltha palustris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Myosotis stolonifera, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina procumbens, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Montia fontana, Epilobium alsinifolium, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Epilobium palustre, Euphrasia frigida, Veronica serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla glabra, Geum rivale, Galium palustre, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus alpinus, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Poa annua, Poa trivialis

M33 — Upland spring flush

Pohlia wahlenbergii var. glacialis spring

Bryum weigelii, Philonotis fontana, Pohlia ludwigii, Pohlia wahlenbergii, Dicrodontium palustris, Hygrohypnum luridum, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Sphagnum squarrosum, Scapania nemorea, Scapania uliginosa, Scapania undulata, Marchantia polymorpha sens.lat., Cerastium cerastoides, Stellaria alsine, Montia fontana, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Veronica serpyllifolia, Rumex acetosa, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Saxifraga stellaris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Poa annua

M34 — Upland spring flush

Carex demissa-Koenigia islandica flush

Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex nigra, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula spicata, Philonotis fontana, Dicrodontium palustris, Racomitrium heterostichum, Scorpidium revolvens, Blindia acuta, Sphagnum auriculatum, Marsupella emarginata, Scapania undulata, Cochlearia officinalis, Sagina saginoides, Pinguicula vulgaris, Euphrasia frigida, Koenigia islandica, Ranunculus acris, Saxifraga stellaris, Deschampsia cespitosa

M35 — Upland spring flush

Ranunculus omiophyllus-Montia fontana rill

Carex echinata, Carex microglochin, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Philonotis fontana, Brachythecium rivulare, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hamatocaulis vernicosus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Warnstorfia exannulata, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Scapania irrigua, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Chamaemelum nobile, Myosotis secunda, Cardamine pratensis, Sagina procumbens, Stellaria alsine, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium repens, Montia fontana, Epilobium palustre, Callitriche stagnalis, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus omiophyllus, Ranunculus repens, Galium palustre, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Poa annua, Poa trivialis

M37 — Upland spring flush

Cratoneuron commutatum-Festuca rubra spring

Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex flacca, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Philonotis fontana, Dicrodontium palustris, Brachythecium rivulare, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Gymnostomum aeruginosum, Hymenostylium recurvirostrum, Blindia acuta, Jungermannia exsertifolia, Conocephalum conicum, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Caltha palustris, Crepis paludosa, Taraxacum officianalis, Tussilago farfara, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia officinalis, Cerastium fontanum, Sagina nodosa, Sagina procumbens, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum variegatum, Hypericum pulchrum, Triglochin palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Montia fontana, Epilobium alsinifolium, Euphrasia officinalis, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla glabra, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Saxifraga aizoides, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis

M38 — Upland spring flush

Cratoneuron commutatum-Carex nigra spring

Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex lepidocarpa, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pulicaris, Carex rostrata, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus triglumis, Selaginella selaginoides, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Cinclidium stygium, Philonotis calcarea, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium elatum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Oncophorus virens, Fissidens adianthoides, Fissidens osmundoides, Brachythecium rivulare, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Cratoneuron filicinum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Palustriella commutatum, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium delicatulum, Gymnostomum aeruginosum, Meesia uliginosa, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Jungermannia atrovirens, Leiocolea alpestris, Leiocolea bantriensis, Moerckia hibernica, Aneura pinguis, Pellia endiviifolia, Achillea millefolium, Achillea ptarmica, Bellis perennis, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Cochlearia officinalis, Valeriana dioica, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia verna, Sagina nodosa, Sagina procumbens, Parnassia palustris, Sedum villosum, Equisetum palustre, Trifolium repens, Triglochin palustre, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium alsinifolium, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Epilobium brunnescens, Epilobium palustre, Euphrasia confusa, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica beccabunga, Veronica scutellata, Veronica serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Primula vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla erecta, Galium palustre, Saxifraga hirculus, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Briza media, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Poa subcaerulea, Poa trivialis

MC6 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Hard cliff and cliff slope

Atriplex prostrata-Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima sea-bird cliff community

Daucus carota, Sonchus oleraceus, Taraxacum officianalis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cochlearia officinalis, Silene uniflora, Spergularia rupicola, Atriplex hastata, Malva arborea, Plantago coronopus, Armeria maritima, Polygonum aviculare, Rumex crispus, Bromus hordeaceous, Catapodium marinum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra

S9 — Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata swamp

Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Calliergon giganteum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Eriocaulon aquaticum, Mentha aquatica, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea alba, Epilobium palustre, Pedicularis palustris, Littorella uniflora, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Chara subspinosa

S11 — Lowland fen, Turlough and fluctuation mere, Upland spring flush

Carex vesicaria swamp

Carex aquatilis, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus effusus, Calliergon cordifolium, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Myosotis scorpioides, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum fluviatile, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Veronica scutellata, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

S19 — Lowland fen, Turlough and fluctuation mere, Upland spring flush

Eleocharis palustris swamp

Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eleocharis palustris, Eleocharis quinqueflora, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus effusus, Juncus gerardii, Drepanocladus fluitans, Fontinalis antipyretica, Scorpidium scorpioides, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Myosotis laxa, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Trifolium repens, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Triglochin maritimum, Mentha aquatica, Utricularia minor, Littorella uniflora, Plantago maritima, Persicaria maculosa, Polygonum amphibium, Potamogeton natans, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Glaux maritima, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla anserina, Galium palustre, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus geniculatus, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa trivialis, Typha latifolia

S27 — Lowland fen, Upland spring flush

Carex rostrata-Potentilla palustris tall-herb fen

Salix cinerea, Solanum dulcamara, Carex appropinquata, Carex aquatilis, Carex diandra, Carex elata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eleocharis palustris, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Sparganium erectum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rivulare, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cratoneuron filicinum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Apium nodiflorum, Sium latifolium, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Senecio aquaticus, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine amara, Cardamine pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria palustris, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum elodes, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Epipactis palustris, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Veronica scutellata, Polygonum amphibium, Rumex hydrolapathum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Lysimachia thyrsiflora, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Holcus lanatus, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris cristata, Typha latifolia

SD1 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Rumex crispus-Glaucium flavum shingle community

Solanum dulcamara, Crithmum maritimum, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Helminthotheca echioides, Hypochaeris radicata, Jacobaea vulgaris, Lactuca serriola, Leontodon saxatilis, Senecio viscosus, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Crambe maritima, Cerastium fontanum, Honckenya peploides, Sagina apetala, Silene uniflora, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Euphorbia paralias, Lathyrus japonicus, Geranium robertianum, Glaucium flavum, Plantago coronopus, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia atherica, Elytrigia juncea, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium perenne

SD2 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Honkenya peploides-Cakile maritima strandline community

Salsola kali, Achillea millefolium, Cirsium arvense, Eryngium maritimum, Hypochaeris radicata, Senecio vulgaris, Sonchus arvensis, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Cakile maritima, Cerastium diffusum, Honckenya peploides, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex laciniata, Atriplex littoralis, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Sedum acre, Polygonum oxyspermum subsp. Raii, Rumex crispus, Potentilla anserina, Agrostis stolonifera, Ammophila arenaria, Arrhenatherum elatius, Elytrigia juncea, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

SD3 — Coastal vegetated shingle, Sand dune

Matricaria maritima-Galium aparine strandline community

Bolboschoenus maritimus, Juncus bufonius, Juncus gerardii, Ligusticum scoticum, Matricaria discoidea, Sonchus arvensis, Sonchus asper, Tripleurospermum maritimum, Mertensia maritima, Cakile maritima, Cochlearia officinalis, Honckenya peploides, Stellaria media agg., Atriplex glabriuscula, Atriplex patula, Atriplex prostrata, Triglochin maritimum, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Rumex crispus, Glaux maritima, Galium aparine, Agrostis stolonifera, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Leymus arenarius, Poa annua

U7 — High montane heath and snow bed

Nardus stricta-Carex bigelowii grass-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Narthecium ossifragum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U8 — High montane heath and snow bed

Carex bigelowii-Polytrichum alpinum sedge-heath

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum compactum, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia macrophylla, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U9 — High montane heath and snow bed

Juncus trifidus-Racomitrium lanuginosum rush-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum fuscescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus globosus, Stereocaulon vesuvianum, Thamnolia vermicularis, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Nitella flexilis

U10 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Carex bigelowii-Racomitrium lanuginosum moss-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum longisetum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Anastrepta orcadensis, Diplophyllum albicans, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia cervicornis, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Peltigera canina, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U11 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Polytrichum sexangulare-Kiaeria starkei snow-bed

Empetrum nigrum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Huperzia selago, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia drummondii, Pohlia ludwigii, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Kiaeria falcata, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Anthelia juratzkana, Barbilophozia floerkei, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella emarginata, Moerckia blyttii, Nardia scalaris, Pleurocladula albescens, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Solorina crocea, Gnaphalium supinum, Cerastium cerastoides, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Athyrium distentifolium

U12 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Salix herbacea-Racomitrium heterostichum snow-bed

Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Andreaea rupestris, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Gymnomitrion corallioides, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella brevissima, Nardia scalaris, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Gnaphalium supinum, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U13 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Deschampsia cespitosa-Galium saxatile grassland

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Pohlia nutans, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum russowii, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Saussurea alpina, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia frigida, Oxalis acetosella, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

U14 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Alchemilla alpina-Sibbaldia procumbens dwarf-herb community

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium aquaticum, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas