Mappp.co geology and wildlife sites

The Cliffs of Magho

… nidus-avis. The main canopy species are ash Fraxinus excelsior and goat willow Salix caprea, with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium in the understorey. The field layer is dominated in places by bramble Rubus fruticosus and soft shield fern Polystichum setifer…

Belmore Mountain

… the cliffs are dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior with occasional goat willow Salix caprea and downy birch Betula pubescens. There is a well-developed understorey of hazel Corylus avellana and varying amounts of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rarely rowa…

Waterperry Wood

…de edges includes birch, aspen, hazel, bramble Rubus fruticosus and goat willow Salix caprea. The growth of these is kept in check by deer browsing. The ground flora of the glades and certain areas of rides contain species normally associated with ancient woodland in southern Eng…

Misson Training Area

…ying Triassic Sherwood Sandstones. Downy birch Betula pubescens and grey willow Salix cinerea, together with occasional pedunculate oak Quercus robur and aspen Populus tremula, form what is very often a discontinuous canopy above a ground flora characterised by common reed Phragm…

Cam Loch

…us aucuparia, holly Ilex aquifolium and species of willow including goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and eared willow Salix aurita. Some of the smaller islands support alder Alnus glutinosa, bird cherry Prunus padus and juniper Juniperus communis. The islands h…

Loch a' Mhuilinn

… Sorbus aucuparia, aspen Populus tremula, hazel, Corylus avellana. Eared willow Salix aurita, goat willow S. caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and creeping willow Salix repens are also found on the site. There is also an intermediate type of oak, with characteristics of both the …

Chilton Foliat Meadows

…the site is occupied by an extensive wet area of dense willow carr. goat willow Salix caprea and grey willow Salix cinerea predominate, with occasional purple willow Salix purpurea, a species uncommon in the county. Open areas occur within the dense scrub containing stands of com…

Ousdale Burn

… in areas where the soil is enriched by the base-rich rocks whilst eared willow Salix aurita, grey willow Salix cinerea and goat willow Salix caprea grow on the banks of the burn. The woodland understorey includes dog rose Rosa canina and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum. The si…

Hayburn Wyke

…f shrubs includes hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea and there is a rich ground flora with sanicle Sanicula europaea, opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, wood millet Milium effusum, male fern Dryopteris filix-mas…

Downton Gorge

…slands however have a much greater diversity. Alder Alnus glutinosa and willows Salix caprea, Salix cinerea and S. fragilis fringe the bank and a wide variety of riparian plants includes such characteristic species as yellow iris Iris pseudacorus, water plantain Alisma plantago-a…

Llwyn

…ula and Betula pubescens becomes co-dominant in the canopy whereas crack willow Salix fragilis occupies a corner of the southern block. Throughout both blocks there are localised occurrences of sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus in the canopy. There is a rich and often dense shrub laye…

Salcey Forest

…us laevigata, field maple Acer campestre, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and sallows Salix caprea and Salix cinerea. The ground flora is characteristically diverse, varying with differences in soil chemistry, drainage and canopy shade. Widespread species include bluebell Hyacinthoides…

Oakhanger Moss

…y lesser pond sedge Carex acutiformis, over which willow carr, with goat willow Salix caprea, sallow Salix cinerea and downy birch Betula pubescens, has developed. In the south west, where inundation from the drains has less effect on water level and nutrient supply, sedges give …

Gosling's Corner

…a and Crataegus laevigata, wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, goat and grey willows Salix caprea and Salix cinerea, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and dog and field rose Rosa canina and Rosa arvensis. Goslings Corner, although small, has a very rich ground flora, with the dominant species …

Orlestone Forest

… Quercus robur and hornbeam Carpinus betulus with other trees including sallows Salix caprea and Salix cinerea, aspen Populus tremula, birches Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, field maple Acer campestre and wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. The woodland floor supports bram…

Loch Ussie

…is dominated by alder Alnus glutinosa, hairy birch Betula pubescens and willows Salix caprea and Salix cinerea. The woodland is generally densest to the west and east of the loch and sparsest on the northern shore. The ground flora is very variable and frequently merges with the …

Torrs Moss

…te in the northern and central parts of the site, whilst elsewhere willow carr, Salix caprea and Salix cinerea, are dominant. The northern fen is complemented by common cottongrass Eriophorum angustifolium, bottle sedge Carex rostrata, bog bean Menyanthes trifoliata, marsh marigo…

Bentley Station Meadow

…orn, blackthorn, pedunculate oak Quercus robur and rose. Willows, in particular Salix caprea and Salix cinerea, are found alongside the stream and are the food plant for larvae of the purple emperor butterfly. The dense patches of scrub are also important for nesting, feeding and…

Hen-allt Common

…a, ash Fraxinus excelsior, holly Ilex aquifolium, oak Quercus spp., goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and bramble Rubus fruticosus are all locally prominent. Remarks: The common is vested in the care of Powys County Council. It lies within the Brecon Beacons Na…

Bishop Middleham Quarry

…Epipactis atrorubens. Scrub containing hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinereand common gorse Ulex europaeus is widely developed in the quarry and at the southern edge of the site there is an area of secondary woodland dominated by sycamor…

Sheephouse Wood

…pen Populus tremula and areas of silver birch Betula pendula, while goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and crab apple Malus sylvestris are well distributed throughout. Very locally a small amount of coniferous planting has taken place. The shrub layer is diverse …

Dilty Moss

…uccisa pratensis and sundew Drosera rotundifolia. Woodland dominated by willows Salix aurita, S. caprea, Salix cinerea occurs on the Moss in old, flooded peat diggings. The wet-ground flora in these areas is characterised by Sphagnum mosses and plants such as broad and narrow buc…

Hesketh Golf Links

…cum occur. There are a few hollows, or dune slacks dominated by creeping willow Salix repens and Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus but only one is seasonally wet. This is part of a fairway around a pond and supports glaucous sedge Carex flacca, sand sedge and marsh pennywort Hydrocoty…

Howe Park Wood

…nundated soils the woodland is dominated by aspen Populus tremula, while sallow Salix caprea and willow Salix cinerea are common, reflecting the heavy and generally waterlogged soils of this wood. In recent decades there has been a neglect of the coppice and a removal of many of …

Salt Lake Quarry

…allow pools. In some areas it is being colonised by scrub consisting of willows Salix caprea, S. nigricans, Salix phylicifolia, ash Fraxinus excelsior, bird cherry Prunus padus and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Associated with the pools there is a marsh community dominated by soft…

Swan Pool & The Swag

…folia and reed sweet grass Glyceria maxima with scattered clumps of goat willow Salix caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The north western end of The Swag has similar emergent vegetation. This grades into areas of wet neutral grassland with tufted …

Stubbers Green Bog

…maxima. It grades into a zone of damp continuous scrub dominated by goat willow Salix caprea and sallow Salix cinerea. Acidic grassland has formed on part of the site where it slopes down to the bog. An area of tall herb vegetation dominated by reed canary grass Phalaris arundina…

Coed Gwempa

…aegus monogyna, elder Sambucus nigra, guelder-rose Viburnum opulus, goat willow Salix caprea and grey willow Salix cinerea. Over large areas the ground flora comprises dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, which is sometimes very abundant, along with enchanter's-nightshade Circaea …

Farndale

…frequently supports carr woodland comprising alder Alnus glutinosa, goat willow Salix caprea and grey willow Salix cinerea with aground flora which include remote sedge Carex remota and marsh hawk's beard Crepis paludosa. Marshy grassland which is widespread is invariably dominat…

Breary Marsh

…branched bur reed and yellow iris. This is being colonised by a scrub of willow Salix cinerea and Salix caprea. The fen grades southwards into a neglected coppice predominantly of alder. This 'carr' contains marshy pools with common reed, reed canary grass, water mint, marsh mari…

Bryn Marsh & Ince Moss

…ern Dryopteris carthusiana occur. The carr woodland is dominated by goat willow Salix caprea and grey willow Salix cinerea often with a sparse understorey, though locally, greater pond sedge Carex riparia is found. Woodland and scrub comprised of both silver Betula pendula and d…

Milton Loch

…also contains a number of wetland habitats including willow carr of grey willow Salix cinerea and sallow Salix caprea. The marsh area contains globeflower Trollius europaeus.

Weir Wood Reservoir

…nd is otherwise poorly drained, woodland of alder Alnus glutinosa, crack willow Salix fragilis, goat willow Salix caprea and downy birch Betula pubescens has developed. On drier ground pedunculate oak Quercus robur, hazel Corylus avellana, ash Fraxinus excelsior and downy birch a…

Chiddingfold Forest

…ense hazel birch scrub along with occasional aspen Populus tremula, grey willow Salix cinerea, goat willow Salix caprea, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and dogwood Cornus sanguinea. A few mature pedunculate oak standards have been left. Also included are a small number of recently fe…

Round Lough and Lough Fadda

…tion, but is characteristically comprised of alder Alnus glutinosa, grey willow Salix cinerea, goat willow Salix caprea and downy birch Betula pubescens with occasional ash Fraxinus excelsior. The notable greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata occurs frequently along the transiti…

Edgbaston Pool

…lamus. This grades into carr woodland at the northwestern end with crack willow Salix fragilis, goat willow S. caprea, grey willow Salix cinerea and alder Alnus glutinosa. The eastern shore has a narrow poor fen community with yellow iris Iris pseudacorus, skullcap Scutellaria ga…

Kippenrait Glen

…ter flushed areas there are patches of alder woodland with frequent grey willow Salix cinerea and goat willow Salix caprea. On sloping ground where there is pronounced water movement, carpets of opposite-leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium and bugle Ajuga reptan…

Bowdown and Chamberhouse Woods

…herry and, locally, wych elm. Where the ground becomes wetter alder and willows Salix fragilis, Salix cinerea and S. caprea appear but below this onto the clay the woodland is dominated by ash and contains field maple, English elm, aspen, crab apple, blackthorn, dogwood, guelder …

Chyenhal Moor

… dense willow carr reaches a height of 5 metres and is dominated by grey willow Salix cinerea with the occasional goat willow Salix caprea. The ground flora includes lesser spearwort Ranunculus flammula, marsh thistle Cirsium palustre, soft rush Juncus effusus and yellow flag Iri…

Magilligan

…with Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus, red fescue Festuca rubra and creeping willow Salix repens becoming dominant. In other areas, a taller vegetation, more typical of marshes and fens, has developed. Here, the dominant species are often sedges and rushes such as brown sedge Carex d…

Witton Lime Beds

…re and more typical of dune ‘slacks’. Scattered birch Betula pendula and willow Salix cinerea and S. caprea cover most of the site and creeping willow Salix repens is dominant in the scrub layer. Seven species and hybrids of orchids occur and of particular interest is the hybrid …

Attenborough Gravel Pits

…ities are extensive stands of willow scrub characterised largely by grey willow Salix cinerea, common osier Salix viminalis and sallow S. caprea. Older stands of wet, seasonally flooded woodland occur on the former silt beds, peninsulas and islands in the north of the complex, fo…

Udford Low Moss

…ide and alder woodland especially on the rather drier northern side. Bay willow Salix pentandra characterises the willow carr, where it occurs with grey willow Salix cinerea, birch esp. Betula pubescens and occasional goat willow Salix caprea, guelder rose and young ash trees. Th…

Big Waters

…ws remain, whilst there are also areas of willow scrub composed of crack willow Salix fragilis, common sallow Salix cinerea and goat willow S. caprea. A relatively young plantation of alder Alnus glutinosa and downy birch Betula pubescens is present in the south corner of the sit…

Minwear Wood

…field-layer. More recently coppiced areas have much downy birch and grey willow Salix cinerea, with some alder Alnus glutinosa near the minor streams. Goat willow Salix caprea occurs on the margins of two coppiced areas. The woodland on the slopes above the Eastern Cleddau estuar…

Coleshill and Bannerly Pools

…places the bog is being invaded by downy birch Betula pubescens and grey willow Salix cinerea. Coleshill Pool and its bog are surrounded by mature woodland of pedunculate oak Quercus robur and silver birch Betula pendula in which there are some planted Scot's pines Pinus sylvestr…

Lea Marsh

…at grass Arrhenatherum elatius. Less species rich banks are dominated by osier Salix viminalis, white willow S. alba, grey willow Salix cinerea. goat willow S. caprea and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. Snipe and curlew occasionally breed on the site at one of their few localities…

Silver Tarn, Hollas and Harnsey Mosses

…lt almost completely surrounding the mire. Here is comprises mainly grey willow Salix cinerea withdown birch Betula pubescens and at Silver Tarn east alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea are also included. Silver Tarn west only supports a broad strip of grey willow.…

Rhos Goch (Rhos Goch Common)

…hment of this species onto the mire itself. In the woodland proper rusty willow Salix cinerea subs. oleifolia is the most common woody associate, although alder Alnus glutinosa is prominent locally and rowan Sorbus aucuparia and goat willow Salix caprea are scattered throughout, …

Tow River Wood

… enters the main valley by way of a small rock gorge and waterfall. goat willow Salix caprea is the prominent tree cover of the wet woodland on the valley floor, with carpets of marsh marigold Caltha palustris below. The flushed woodland above has a mixed canopy of alder Alnus gl…

Hallow Hill

…nary grass Phalaris arundinacea and reed mace Typha latifolia with goat willows Salix caprea are present. Herb rich swards of unimproved neutral grassland fringe the marshy vegetation. Here red fescue Festuca rubra, brown bent Agrostis canina, crested dog’s tail Cynosurus cristat…

Caledon and Tynan

…ore Acer pseudoplatanus, horse chestnut Aesculus hippocastanum and crack willow Salix fragilis. There are occasional specimens of species such as walnut Juglans regia, Wellingtonia Sequoiadendron giganteum and hornbeam Carpinus betulus. There are also some spectacular avenues of …

Pyllau Machynys (Machynys Ponds)

…in south-west Wales, amongst taller vegetation of bulrush and young grey willow Salix cinerea; various-leaved water-starwort Callitriche platycarpa, brackish water-crowfoot Ranunculus baudotii and stonewort Chara vulgaris are also found here. On the open water there are dense dr…

Langford Heathfield

…ed by pockets of dense scrub dominated by hawthorn, downy birch and goat willow Salix caprea and by large areas of bracken Pteridium aquilinum. The rich and diverse fauna provides additional interest. To date 26 different species of resident breeding butterfly have been recorded.…

Saltburn Gill

… Pteridium aquilinum dominated clearing with scattered hawthorn and goat willow Salix caprea has developed over a boggy area dominated by meadowsweet, hard rush Juncus inflexus and great willow herb Epilobium hirsutum with a small population of spotted orchids Dactylorhiza fuchsi…

Kenmure Holms

…ottle sedge Carex rostrata and carr (marsh with trees) of alder and goat willow Salix caprea. Several rare or localised plant species occur, including purple iris Iris versicolor, elongated sedge Carex elongata, water sedge Carex aquatilis, purple small-reed Calamagrostis canesce…

Cavendish Woods

…leaved lime Tilia cordata, wych elm Ulmus glabra, aspen Populus tremula, sallow Salix caprea and some suckering elm. In addition, this is one of the few sites in West Suffolk for the wild service tree Sorbus torminalis. The ground flora is dominated mainly by dog's mercury Mercur…

East Coppice

…s hazel Corylus avellana with small amounts of birch Betula sp. and goat willow Salix caprea and there are other shrubs such as alder buckthorn Frangula alnus, red currant Ribes sylvestris and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. Pedunculate oak Quercus robur standards are sparsely dist…

Honeypot Wood, Wendling

…axinus excelsior, hazel Corylus avellana, field maple Acer campestre and willow Salix caprea agg. as well as smaller shrubs such as dogwood Cornus sanguinea, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. There are some standard trees, mostly oak Quercus robur and ash…

Hoplands Wood

…a is within a species rich shrub layer of dogwood Cornus sanguinea, goat willow Salix caprea, holly Ilex aquifolium, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. Dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis is locally abundant. Elsewhere brambles Rubus spp. are found with bl…

Brookhouse Moss

…d dominated by birch Betula pendula, with alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea locally abundant. Alder buckthorn Frangula alnus, which is scarce in Cheshire, is present especially in the southern part of this area. The carr woodland grades into drier oak Quercus rob…

Fakenham Wood and Sapiston Great Grove

…s are present both as standard trees and coppice together with hazel and sallow Salix caprea agg. Associated shrubs include spindle tree Euonymus europaeus, wild crab apple Malus sylvestris, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. The ground flora is dominated…

Sea Wood

… present including privet Ligustrum vulgare, holly Ilex aquifolium, goat willow Salix caprea and spindle Euonymus europaeus. Wych elm Ulmus glabra becomes common towards the north and west of the wood, forming mixed stands of ash, sessile oak, hairy birch Betula pubescens, sycamo…

Broad Green

… In recent years some scrub, mainly hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and goat willow Salix caprea, has become established over parts of the site.

Robin Hood's Bay: Maw Wyke to Beast Cliff

… rush Schoenoplectus lacustris and are fringed by alder Alnus glutinosa, willow Salix spp. and greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata. North of Beast Cliff the vegetation is more open and reflects alternating strata of rich and poor base status. Typical of more calcareous clays a…

Brown's Close Meadow

…us excelsior, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, elder Sambucus nigra and goat willow Salix caprea. The invertebrate fauna includes small skipper Thymelicus sylvestris, meadow brown Maniola jurtina and ringlet Aphantopus hyperantus butterflies and the chimney sweeper moth Odezia atrat…

Ithon Valley Woodlands

… rowan Sorbus aucuparia, birch Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, goat willow Salix caprea and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The drier areas are intermediate in character between the oak-birch-wood sorrel (Quercus-Betula-Oxalis acetosella) vegetation type and the more base-rich …

Straidkilly Wood

…orn Crataegus monogyna. Taller standards of ash Fraxinus excelsior, goat willow Salix caprea and downy birch Betula pubescens occur only occasionally throughout most of the wood, becoming most prominent at the western end. The woodland ground flora displays a well-developed trans…

Altmover Glen

… canopy is characterised by a mixture of ash Fraxinus excelsior and goat willow Salix caprea with occasional sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and Betula pubescens. The understorey is dominated by Corylus avellana, with frequent hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The major constituents of t…

Cleaves Wood

…In the valley bottom wetter soils support alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea, which also occurs in wet areas elsewhere in the wood. The ground layer is dominated by dog’s mercury but other plants attaining local dominance include bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta…

Dunaree Hill

…dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior, with alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea occurring in the wetter areas. Aspen Populus tremula is scattered throughout the woodland. The shrub layer is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with occasional hawthorn Crataegus monogy…

Whitecross Green and Oriel Woods

… while other trees and shrubs include birch, aspen Populus tremula, goat willow Salix caprea, wild service Sorbus torminalis, midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata, spindle Euonymus europaeus, buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, dogwood Cornus sanguinea, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and…

Quants

…to occur. Secondary woodland of silver birch, pedunculate oak, ash, goat willow Salix caprea and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus has developed on areas to the south of the site that were common land. The various habitats together with the generally sheltered and damp conditions prov…

Middle Wood, Offton

…axinus excelsior, field maple Acer campestre, hazel Corylus avellana and sallow Salix caprea, with areas of small leaved lime Tilia cordata to the north west and Ash, wych elm Ulmus glabra and numerous aspen Populus tremula on wetter ground to the south west. Other species includ…

Brent Eleigh Woods

… excelsior and maple Acer campestre standards. Wild pear Pyrus pyraster, sallow Salix caprea, woodland and hedgerow hawthorns Crataegus monogyna and Crataegus laevigata are also present. The ground flora is dominated by dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, with a good population o…

Hedenham Wood

…of oak Quercus robur, ash and hornbeam. Other woody species include goat willow Salix caprea, aspen Populus tremula, spindle Euonymus europaeus, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata. On lighter soils hornbeam and ash copp…

Blackwater Valley

…occasional ash, hawthorn, holly, hazel, spindle Euonymus europaeus, goat willow Salix caprea and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum in the shrub layer. the ground flora includes dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, bugle Ajuga reptans and moschatel Ad…

Glenariff Glen

…river and consists of a canopy dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior, goat willow Salix caprea and hazel Corylus avellana. Close to the river, there are occasional wych elm trees Ulmus glabra and non-native sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus. Holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucupa…

Glyme Valley

…e river and supports ash, field maple Acer campestre and goat and crack willows Salix caprea and S. fragilis. Scattered hawthorn scrub is present on the limestone grassland together with occasional field maple and mature oaks. Birds recorded from the site include corn bunting, l…

Gamston & Eaton Woods & Roadside Verges

…us avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, privet Ligustrum vulgare, goat willow Salix caprea and field maple Acer campestre and there is a strong development of woody climbing and rambling plants, notably honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum, bramble Rubus fruticosus and rose Rose s…

Dancersend

…more, wild cherry, whitebeam Sorbus aria, horse chestnut, holly and goat willow Salix caprea, as well as all the scrub species noted in the previous paragraph. rowan, oak and occasional aspen mark the more acid soils of the higher slopes. There are mixed plantations of beech both…

Cage Brook Valley

…ccur in the areas immediately adjacent to the Cage Brook, together with willows Salix caprea and S. fragilis. In the drier parts of the woodland the ground flora is dominated by such characteristic species as dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, enchanter’s nightshade Circaea lute…

Aston Clinton Ragpits

…ating dogwood to well established trees of birch Betula pendula and goat willow Salix caprea and includes hawthorn which constitutes the bulk of the hedge, wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana, buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica, hazel, old man's beard Clematis vitalba and others. Of intere…

Sherburn Willows

…sedge warbler. The remainder of the site largely comprises areas of goat willow Salix caprea and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna scrub and a small piece of woodland containing ash Fraxinus excelsior. Other Information Part of this site is managed as a nature reserve by the Yorkshire…

Northpark Copse

…nated by derelict hazel Corylus avellana coppice often with mature goat willows Salix caprea and in better drained areas such as on the wood banks, old coppiced field maple Acer campestre. In places the shrub layer is very sparse or absent being composed of scattered low bramble …

Crockaghole Wood

…llana with frequent regenerating canopy species and very occasional goat willow Salix caprea, holly Ilex aguifolium and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The ground flora present is typical of calcifuge woodlands and is characterised by a predominance of bryophytes and an abundance of…

Owenkillew and Glenelly Woods

…aucuparia, hazel Corylus avellana, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus and goat willow Salix caprea are all occasional. The understorey is quite variable through the wood both in cover and composition, and is composed of holly Ilex aquifolium and regenerating canopy species. The most wi…

Lurgan River Wood

…raxinus excelsior, downy birch Betula pubescens and more occasional goat willow Salix caprea form an open canopy. The dense shrub layer is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. is the main com…

Barking Woods

…le Acer campestre, hazel Corylus avellana, hornbeam Carpinus betulus and sallow Salix caprea, with various types of elm woodland, notably at Titley Hill. Priestley Wood also contains cherry Prunus avium, aspen Populus tremula and small leaved lime Tilia cordata and is one of the …

Loch Glencoul

…avellana with some wych elm Ulmus glabra, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea. Honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum and dog rose Rosa canina are well established throughout the woodland. Because of this unusually diverse understory, this is the best example of this ty…

Kingcup Meadows and Oldhouse Wood

…peaty wet soils alongside the river and here alder woodland with birch, willows Salix caprea and S. fragilis, alder buckthorn Frangula alnus and some planted poplar hybrids Populus spp. occur, along with a diverse field layer typical of such wet conditions. Herb paris Paris quadr…

Eye Brook Valley Woods

…land hawthorn Crataegus laevigata, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and goat willow Salix caprea. The ground vegetation is dominated by dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis and, locally, by bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and contains species typical of ancient clay woods including…

Burgh Hill Farm Meadow

…ataegus monogyna, hornbeam Carpinus betulus, aspen Populus tremula, goat willow Salix caprea and blackthorn Prunus spinosa. The ditch and two small ponds either end of it, are heavily shaded but some hemlock water dropwort Oenanthe crocata and marsh bedstraw Galium palustre fring…

Pockerley Farm Pond

…orpioides and lesser spearwort Ranunculus flammula. Small areas of willow scrub Salix caprea have invaded the pond. Damp grassland surrounds the pond. This is dominated by creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera and marsh foxtail Alopecurus geniculatus and includes such herbs as marsh…

Math and Elsea Wood

… sylvestris, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, spindle Euonymus europaeus, goat willow Salix caprea, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. Both woodlands have a rich ground flora, with the species composition tending to vary with soil drainage. The well drained area…

Holystone Burn Woods

…Alnus glutinosa, with hazel Corylus avellana, rowan Sorbus aucuparia and sallow Salix caprea in the shrub layer. On freely drained soils creeping soft grass Holcus mollis, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, broad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata and dog violet Viola riviniana are fre…

Shimna River

…hrubs include downy birch Betula pubescens, hazel Corylus avellana, goat willow Salix caprea and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. However, in a few locations, impressive mature sessile oak Quercus petraea line the river. The field layer is a mixture of bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. a…

Radipole Lake

…t scrub, with blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and sallow Salix caprea being the principal species. The river edge and flood meadows support various wetland–marsh plants. More than 50 bird species breed at this site, including a very large population of ree…

Old Copse, Beenham

…f birch also occur. The shrub layer is dominated by hazel with some goat willow Salix caprea, holly Ilex aquifolium guelder, rose Viburnum opulus and occasional elder Sambucus nigra and dogwood Cornus sanguinea. The ground flora is rich and varied and includes several species ind…

Flintsham & Titley Pools

…dland around the pools is mainly dominated by alder Alnus glutinosa and willows Salix caprea and S. alba with some birch Betula pendula and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. In the winter the pools provide a refuge for large numbers of waterfowl including mallard Anas platyrhynchos, teal A…

Lough Scolban

…la pubescens, and more occasionally sessile oak Quercus petraea and goat willow Salix caprea form an open canopy. The dense shrub layer is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana with hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and holly Ilex aquifolium. Bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. is the main com…

Littlemarsh Common

…ng of the Common has allowed some scrub colonisation to take place, with willow Salix caprea and S. alba, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and blackthorn Prunus spinosa being dominant. Other interesting species include spindle Euonomus europaeus and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. This …

Stowell Meadow

…d by small areas of woodland dominated by alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea. The stream supports lesser water parsnip Berula erecta and fool's water cress Apium nodiflorum, while dense stands of hemlock water dropwort Oenanthe crocata occur along the sides of the…

Breen Wood

…inated by downy birch Betula pubescens, occasionally accompanied by grey willow Salix cinerea. Below the canopy the wood has a rather simple structure, with tussocks of purple moor grass Molinia caerulea and more localised soft rush Juncus effusus growing over a carpet of Sphagnu…

Kings and Bakers Wood and Heaths

…robur, hazel Corylus avellana, birch Betula spp., aspen Populus tremula, sallow Salix caprea, ash Fraxinus excelsior and hornbeam Carpinus betulus both as high forest and coppice. This type shows much variation associated with differing drainage characteristics. Mixed woodland m…

Lewes Brooks

…ater dock Rumex hydrolapathum. Occasional hawthorns Crataegus monogyna, sallows Salix caprea and crack willows S. fragilis also occur. In the ditches a range of aquatic species rapidly recolonise after they have been cleaned out, including both rigid and the rarer soft hornworts …

Wolford Wood and Old Covert

…s avellana and birch are the most abundant understorey species, but goat willow Salix caprea and aspen Populus tremula predominate in the wetter areas. Field maple is fairly local in its distribution in the woods. Other species present include dogwood Cornus sanguinea, wild prive…

Bisham Woods

…ur. Examples include small patches of hazel coppice, alder woodland with sallow Salix caprea along the watercourse at the foot of the slope, some hornbeam on wood banks and occasional wild service trees Sorbus torminalis. The ground flora is one of the richest recorded from any B…

Sexton Wood

…fly hornbeam with ash Fraxinus excelsior, field maple Acer campestre and sallow Salix caprea. Other shrub species present include midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata, spindle tree Euonymus europaeus and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. Coppicing is still continued in the wood and…

Knavenhill Wood

…ash, silver birch Betula pendula and pedunculate oak Quercus robur. Goat willow Salix caprea, wild cherry Prunus avium and wych elm Ulmus glabra are also present. The understorey includes hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana, wild privet Ligustrum vulgare, dogwood …

Cromford Canal

…undary there are scrubby areas with hazel, elder Sambucus nigra and goat willow Salix caprea and occasionally guelder rose Viburnum opulus. For much of its length the canal has the character of a woodland ride, attracting insects from the woodland to feed on the canal flora. A st…

Creag nan Gamhainn

…s a variety of tree species, in particular downy birch Betula pubescens, sallow Salix caprea and hazel Corylus avellana, along with rowan Sorbus aucuparia, bird cherry Prunus padus, aspen Populus tremula and wych elm Ulmus glabra. Much of the woodland is rich in calcicole herbs, …

Mercaston Marsh and Muggington Bottoms

…the whole site scrub is encroaching in several places, particularly goat willow Salix caprea and alder Alnus glutinosa. The site is important in lowland Derbyshire for breeding and wintering snipe. Limited invertebrate survey on part of Mercaston Marsh has identified three nati…

Wyre Forest

…her species includes ash Fraxinus excelsior, alder Alnus glutinosa, goat willow Salix caprea, guelder rose Viburnum opulus and small leaved lime Tilia cordata. The ground flora is also correspondingly richer with ramsons Allium ursinum, wild daffodil Narcissus pseudonarcissus and…

Gaer House Woods

…species include hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium, goat-willow Salix caprea and hazel Corylus avellana which is co-dominant with alder in some areas. The ground flora is characteristic of this plateau type alder woodland with meadow-sweet Filipendula ulmaria, opp…

Hatton's Hey Wood, Whittle's Corner and Bank Rough

… the base of the slope on alluvial silts, alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea are present with a typical wetland flora of yellow iris Iris pseudacorus, common reed Phragmites australis, marsh marigold Caltha palustris and great willowherb Epilobium hirsutum. Less a…

Gelt Woods

…tter areas. Associated trees and shrubs include hazel, hairy birch, goat willow Salix caprea, rowan and hawthorn, again with some planted or self sown 'alien' trees such as sycamore and Scot's pine. The woodland is not grazed and the ground flora is luxuriant with much dog's merc…

Birch Spinney and Mawsley Marsh

…r a shrub layer of hazel Corylus avellana, elder Sambucus nigra and goat willow Salix caprea. The ground flora is notable for the abundance of ferns. Ragsdale Spinney is by contrast a heavy soil form of wet ash wych elm woodland. Its situation on a spring line gives rise to a ric…

Upper Wye Gorge

…tinosa woodland occurs along a stream side, associated with ash and goat willow Salix caprea. Opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium is present in the herb layer. Lady Park Wood, in the south western part of the site, is especially important for woodland r…

Strother Hills

… This has more recently been invaded by young birch Betula spp. and goat willow Salix caprea. Adjacent areas of sessile oak Quercus petraea woodland with scattered silver birch Betula pendula are present on free draining sandstones on the steeper slopes along the northern side of…

Bredon Hill

…er Sambucus nigra, gorse Ulex europaeus, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, goat willow Salix caprea and roses Rosa spp. This scrub provides important breeding sites for many species of bird, such as whitethroat Sylvia communis, lesser whitethroat Sylvia curruca, linnet Carduelis cannabi…

Greatwood and Cliff Copses

… maple Acer campestre, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and in wetter areas goat willow Salix caprea. The woodland floor is very varied in form and flora. Its upper slopes are punctuated by a series of old stone quarries which are interspersed with a number of mounds, probably composed o…

Quendon Wood

…sh Fraxinus excelsior, aspen Populus tremula, birch Betula spp. and goat willow Salix caprea. hazel Corylus avellana and field maple Acer campestre are abundant, often as overgrown coppice. There is also a small area of planted conifers within the wood. There is a gradient of var…

Ridley Gill

…erous shales, consists of stands of alder Alnus glutinosa with some goat willow Salix caprea and birch Betula pubescens over wet flushes supporting a wide range of plant species including much reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea, tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa, marsh …

Redhill Wood

…he woodland is composed. Both the heavy soil variant in which Rosa spp., sallow Salix caprea, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and aspen Populus tremula are common and the light soil variant, in which elder Sambucus nigra becomes prominent, occur at the site, but the former is particular…

Felbrigg Woods

… hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium, elder Sambucus nigra and sallow Salix caprea. Many of the rides are narrow but they support occasional wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella and yellow pimpernel Lysimachia nemorum. Acidic grassland has developed on some of the wider woodla…

Burnfoot River Shingle and Wydon Nabb

…ssland, which has been colonised by downy birch Betula pubescens, common sallow Salix caprea and alder Alnus glutinosa, supports a population of narrow lipped helleborine Epipactis leptochila, an uncommon plant which has its only known localities in northern Britain on heavy meta…

The Bog

…oad buckler fern Dryopteris dilatata occur. rowan Sorbus aucuparia, goat willow Salix caprea and a single yew Taxus baccata have also become established in the scrub.

Chanstone Wood

…s including hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and goat willow Salix caprea. The south eastern part of the wood is dominated by coppiced small leaved lime Tilia cordata and sessile oak. Some hazel is also present. The ground vegetation is rich and varied and refl…

Lower Woods

…t. There is a wide range of small trees and under shrubs, including goat willow Salix caprea, field maple Acer campestre, holly Ilex aquifolium, midland hawthorn Crataegus laevigata and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, with silver birch Betula pendula on the more acid soils and dogwo…

Hill Hole Dingle

…he valley bottoms, alder Alnus glutinosa is common, associated with goat willow Salix caprea and guelder rose Viburnum lantana. In the wet areas bordering the Humber brook, the vegetation includes uncommon species such as small teasel Dipsacus pilosus and the alternate leaved gol…

Halesend Wood

…ub layer includes hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea as well as several characteristic calcicole species such as dogwood Cornus sanguinea, spindle Euonymus europaeus and wild privet Ligustrum vulgare. Amongst the locally uncommon plants fou…

Annachullion Lough

…woodland, dominated by downy birch Betula pubescens with occasional goat willow Salix caprea, and cut-over bog. https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/annachullion-lough-assi

Rostrevor Wood

…opy species such as ash Fraxinus excelsior and to a leesser extent, goat willow Salix caprea and wych elm Ulmus glabra. spindle Euonymus europaeus occurs in the understorey. The field layer is more diverse, with increased frequency of soft shield fern Polystichum setiferum and th…

Cogley Wood

…m Ulmus glabra and wild cherry Prunus avium. Alder Alnus glutinosa, goat willow Salix caprea and downy birch Betula pubescens are common along the banks of the streams. The understorey is dominated by hazel Corylus avellana, with field maple Acer campestre also abundant. hawthorn…

Gallt Llanerch - Coed Gelli-deg

…requent in the shrub layer, with occasional rowan Sorbus aucuparia, goat willow Salix caprea and spindle Euonymus europaeus. The typical ground flora, with many species indicative of ancient woodland, includes moschatel Adoxa moschatellina, woodruff Galium odoratum, sanicle Sanic…

Aston Rowant Woods

…gh forest with some low sycamore ash and tall ash wych elm coppice. Goat willow Salix caprea is common in wet sites, but the shrub layer is otherwise not prominent and in some places lacking altogether. Below gaps in the canopy the field layer is dominated by dog’s mercury Mercur…

Pipershill Common

…ataegus monogyna, hazel Corylus avellana, holly Ilex aquifolium and goat willow Salix caprea present. The ground flora also reflects the calcareous nature of the soil with abundant dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis and enchanter’s nightshade Circaea lutetiana. The woodland also …

Longhorsley Moor

…nd. The dry heath is dominated by heather Calluna vulgaris with creeping willow Salixrepens, bell heather Erica cinerea, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, purple moor grass Molinia caerulea and wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa. At the margins this is being colonised by gorse Ulex…

Moor Park

… site. The wetland is dominated by alder Alnus glutinosa with some crack willow Salix fragilis. The swamp, to the north east of the site is dominated by common reed Phragmites australis although other wetland species such as great pond sedge Carex riparia, bur reed Sparganium ere…

Westhall Wood and Meadow

…asional field maple Acer campestre, silver birch Betula pendula and goat willow Salix caprea. Shrub species present include Midland and common hawthorn Crataegus laevigata and Crataegus monogyna, spindle Euonymus europaeus, crab apple Malus sylvestris and guelder rose Viburnum o…

Torboll Woods

…an Sorbus aucuparia, bird cherry Prunus padus and willows including goat willow Salix caprea are all present. Alder Alnus glutinosa occurs on the steep, wet slopes. The woodland vegetation benefits from the high humidity maintained by the steep-sided ravine and its waterfalls. Th…

Bould Wood

…derstorey layers of both types include hawthorn, crab apple, elder, goat willow Salix caprea and raspberry Rubus idaeus. A few areas of mature oak hazel coppice have an understorey of birch, rowan and regenerating oak and there are also blocks of lowland birch pedunculate oak woo…

Pengelli Forest and Pant-teg Wood

…n Populus tremula, wild cherry Prunus avium, wych elm Ulmus glabra, goat willow Salix caprea and native crab apple Malus sylvestris ssp sylvestris also occur. The rare bastard balm Melittis melissophyllum grows on the roadside verge adjacent to the wood and on another length near…

Hense Moor

…eral wooded streams. Under a mixed canopy of alder Alnus glutinosa, goat willow Salix caprea, birch Betula spp. and pedunculate oak Quercus robur, the damp and shaded ground flora contains golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, ramsons Allium ursinum and enchanter’s nigh…

Lower Wood, Ashwellthorpe

…ulus and coppiced hazel Corylus avellana, field maple Acer campestre and sallow Salix caprea. The ground is wet, due to the poorly drained soils and the field layer is dominated by dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis. A number of uncommon species are present, including herb paris …

Bach Howey Gorge

…of hazel Corylus avellana and wych elm Ulmus glabra with occasional goat willow Salix caprea. The ground beneath is dominated by carpets of ramsons Allium ursinum, but several other characteristic plants occur here, such as dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, lesser celandine Fic…

Bulmoor Pastures & Coppice

…onogyna, but with holly Ilex aquifolium, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, goat willow Salix caprea and honeysuckle Lonicera periclymenum also present. The ground flora is particularly diverse, and contains 26 species indicative of ancient semi-natural woodland. In spring, the woodland …

Pleasley Vale Railway

…ds have a rich shrub layer with abundant hazel Corylus avellana and goat willow Salix caprea, while the ground flora is characterised by the abundance offalse brome Brachypodium sylvaticum, wood melick Melica uniflora, sanicle Sanicula europaea, sweet woodruff Asperula odorata, y…

Rievaulx Woods

…end there is a well established colony of alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea. Both the neutral grassland and the limestone grassland are species rich the latter particularly so towards the top of the slope in the east. The neutral grassland contains lady's mantle …

Wayland Wood, Watton

…pen canopy consists of hazel Corylus avellana, bird cherry Prunus padus, sallow Salix caprea, ash, hornbeam Carpinus betulus and field maple Acer campestre. Some very large coppice stools are present. Yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon is very abundant with water avens Geum …

Oak Mere

…land dominated by birch Betula pubescens, alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea with a ground flora dominated by purple moor grass and soft rush. A large heronry (heron) is established in the remains of a Scot's pine Pinus sylvestris plantation. The fringing band of…

Williamston River Shingle

…rub, comprising gorse Ulex europaeus, downy birch Betula pubescens, goat willow Salix caprea and alder Alnus glutinosa is present along much of the riverbank and is encroaching on the grassland in places. It has developed into secondary birch woodland where long established and h…

Ten Wood

…to the Middle Ages. Other tree species include aspen Populus tremula and sallow Salix caprea. The rich ground flora includes bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, ramsons Allium ursinum, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella and water avens Geum rivale. …

Old Burghclere Lime Quarry

…nated by hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa and goat willow Salix caprea, with typical calcicole shrubs such as dogwood Cornus sanguinea and wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana, is already beginning to exhibit early indications of an eventual succession to woodlan…

Willoughby Wood

…er includes dogwood Cornus sanguinea, guelder rose Viburnum opulus, goat willow Salix caprea and the occasional thicket of blackthorn Prunus spinosa. The more open canopy has a ground flora dominated by bramble Rubus fruticosus but there is an abundance of ferns, including male …

Clough Woods

…of wet valley alder wood characterised by alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea with great horsetail Equisetum telmateia and wild angelica Angelica sylvestris. To the south of the site, where glacial clays have slumped over shales and limestones, oak remains the domi…

West Fermanagh Scarplands

…ominates the canopy, with frequent downy birch Betula pubescens and goat willow Salix caprea. The under storey is mainly composed of hazel Corylus avellana. The ground flora on strongly flushed slopes is characterised by species such as enchanter's nightshade Circaea lutetiana, b…

Owenkillew River

…s petraea, downy birch Betula pubescens, ash Fraxinus excelsior and goat willow Salix caprea, with a shrub layer of hazel Corylus avellana, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia. Ferns and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. are common over a gro…

Glynn Woods

…e woodland canopy remains dominated by ash Fraxinus excelsior, with goat willow Salix caprea, alder Alnus glutinosa, downy birch Betula pubescens and occasional wych elm Ulmus glabra, with an understorey of hazel Cotylus avellana with occasional holly Ilex aqufolium and rowan Sor…

Hesley Moss

…s been colonised by downy birch Betula pubescens and the occasional goat willow Salix caprea. The ground flora of this wet woodland has retained elements of the mire from which it has developed, with heather, purple moor grass, bog myrtle Myrica gale, marsh violet Viola palustris…

West Dean Woods

…ore restricted. Holly Ilex aquifolium, dogwood Cornus sanguinea and goat willow Salix caprea form an intermittent shrub layer. The ground flora varies with the current state of management but is often rich, dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis and enchanter's nightshade Circaea lut…

Lough Macrory

…atural, mixed and conifer woodland surrounds much of the lough with goat willow Salix caprea and common alder Alnus glutinosa fringing the shore around most of the perimeter. https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/publications/lough-macrory-assi

Hintlesham Woods

…usually frequent in these woods and in wetter areas, field maple, aspen, sallow Salix caprea and alder are common. The coppice layer consists mainly of ash, silver birch and hazel with areas of field maple, hornbeam, small leaved lime, elm and oak. Beneath, are a variety of shru…

Rowardennan Woodlands

…s excelsior, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, wych elm Ulmus glabra and goat willow Salix caprea occur on the flushed shoreline, stream sides, inaccessible crags and localised areas of nutrient-rich soil. hazel Corylus avellana is common in open areas. The steep terrain with many roc…

Coedydd Dyffryn Alwen

…lusively comprised of hazel Corylus avellana, with small amounts of goat willow Salix caprea and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna. The ground flora is more diverse, containing species such as dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis, enchanter’s-nightshade Circaea lutetiana, and a range of …

Vallis Vale

…arts. Valley alder wood characterised by alder Alnus glutinosa and goat willow Salix caprea occurs along the streams. Bankside vegetation includes angelica Angelica sylvestris, meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria and yellow flag Iris pseudacorus. Vallis Vale supports large populati…

Aston Grove & Withycombe Wood

… and the shrub layer here includes downy birch Betula pubescens and goat willow Salix caprea which are adapted to these damp conditions. The ground flora throughout is dominated by dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta and male fern Dryopteris fil…

Plashett Park Wood

…out, including the coniferous plantations. These rides are lined by goat willow Salix caprea, aspen Populus tremula, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and birch Betula pendula. Alder Alnus glutinosa and ash Fraxinus excelsior line the small ditches and the oc…

Wrightington Bar Pasture

…rataegus monogyna and gorse Ulex europaeus on the drier slopes with goat willow Salix caprea and alder Alnus glutinosa in the valley bottom.

Stawardpeel Woods

…, bird cherry Prunus padus form a typical river – margin community. Goat willow Salix caprea also occurs in more flushed areas and occasionally yew Taxus baccata. Introduced non native species throughout the wood, include beech, sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, larch Larix sp., west…

South Woodburn

…sa. In places, the margins of the reservoirs have been colonised by grey willow Salix cinerea scrub, with species such as reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea, common sedge Carex nigra, bladder sedge Carex vesicaria, silverweed Potentilla anserina, marsh ragwort Senecio aquatic…

Bonds Glen

…wood club rush Scirpus sylvaticus which occurs in the wet woodland. Goat willow Salix caprea is dominant in the wet woodland on the valley floor. Fen vegetation occurs on the woodland floor and in the open glades and clearings, with such species as marsh marigold Caltha palustris…

Haile Great Wood

… streams merge, form a closed canopy across the valley bottom. hazel and willow Salix cinerea and S. caprea combine to give a dense understorey and there is a notable abundance of wych elm. The ground flora in these wetter areas is dominated by tall herbs and wetland plants which…

Hurcott and Podmore Pools

…ing ash Fraxinus excelsior, silver birch Betula pendula, crack and goat willows Salix fragilis and S. caprea and guelder rose Viburnum opulus. The ground flora includes characteristic wetland species such as marsh marigold Caltha palustris, marsh thistle Cirsium palustre, marsh b…

Willow Burn Pasture

… monogyna, gorse Ulex europaeus and dog rose Rosa canina. Scattered grey willow Salix cinerea, goat willow S. caprea and alder Alnus glutinosa occur along the margins of the Willow Burn.

Hook Wood

…currence of stands of aspen Populus tremula, alder Alnus glutinosa, grey willow Salix cinerea, goat willow S. caprea and crab apple Malus sylvestris spp sylvestris. Much of the low cliffs are covered with great wood-rush almost to shore level. More open cliffs have ledges and cre…

Wormbridge Common

…occurred in the northern part of the area. This consists mainly of white willow Salix alba and goat willow S. caprea.

Barrow Gravel Pits

…h willow carr formed by various species of willows and sallows, including osier Salix viminalis and goat willow S. caprea. The site as a whole supports a varied breeding bird community and invertebrate fauna and includes many species characteristic of river flood plain habitats.

Burton Park

…a carr on all but the north and north western margins with abundant grey willow Salix cinerea and goat willow S. caprea. This wet woodland has a rich ground flora dominated by greater tussock sedge Carex paniculata and includes species such as fools water cress Apium nodiflorum, …

Hetton Bogs

…ellow flag Iris pseudacorus, beneath a canopy of carr dominated by white willow Salix alba with some goat willow S. caprea, which provide dense cover for breeding reed bunting and sedge warbler. Himalayan balsam Impatiens glandulifera has colonised the banks of Hetton Burn. An …

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