Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 53.0775, -4.1709

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Also within

Gwynedd County Eryri / Snowdonia National Park

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Peatland

Peat habitats store centuries of carbon and depend on a stable, waterlogged water table. Warmer, drier summers dry out peat, making it far more vulnerable to wildfire and to carbon release — a pressure that can undo years of restoration work regardless of how well the site is otherwise managed.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Habitats

Blanket bog, Fast flowing river and stream

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Floodplain, Gorge / Ravine · Geological Period: Cambrian, Ordovician, Precambrian · Rock Type: Alluvium, Glacial Till

Landscape processes: Coastal, Fluvial, Glacial, Peatland / Mire, Volcanic / Igneous

Birds & fish recorded

Fish

SpeciesSeason
Arctic charr Passage
Arctic charr Spawning
Arctic charr Unknown
Atlantic salmon Passage
Atlantic salmon Spawning
Atlantic salmon Unknown
European eel Spawning
River lamprey Passage
River lamprey Spawning
Sea trout Spawning

Description

Description Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn is of special scientific interest for its geological and biological features. Features of special interest on this site are running and standing water, aquatic plant assemblage, floating water-plantain Luronium natans, Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and otter Lutra lutra. The predominantly linear site follows the Afon Gwyrfai from its mouth at Y Foryd bay near Caernarfon, includes Llyn Cwellyn near Betws Garmon, and extends upstream to include its source at Llyn y Gader. The river is comparatively short, being 21km from source to mouth, and has a catchment area of 47.9km2. The site also includes a tributary of the Afon Gwyrfai, the Afon Treweunydd, which flows off the flanks of Yr Wyddfa from its source at the reservoir in Cwm Treweunydd to join the Afon Gwyrfai at Pont Cwellyn. Near the outflow of the Afon Gwyrfai from Llyn Cwellyn a small trial working and associated spoil heaps have been included for their geological interest. Geology This small trial working on the shore of Llyn Cwellyn contains a unique occurrence of fluorite mineralization in the Welsh Caledonides. The steeply-inclined, NNW-striking vein lies within the thermal aureole of the peralkaline Mynydd Mawr microgranite intrusion and is hosted by coarse clastic sedimentary rocks belonging to the Cambrian Marchlyn Formation. Within the vein, magnetite-bearing rock clasts are cemented by massive, white, purple and green fluorite with a high rare earth element content, which is cut and locally brecciated by a late-stage injection of quartz-ferroan carbonate-sulphide mineralization. Additional interest is provided by the presence of minor amounts of lead-and bismuth-bearing telluride minerals which occur both as composite grains and, unusually, as intergrowths with pyrrhotite. Biology Llyn Cwellyn Llyn Cwellyn is an important example of a large, deep oligotrophic (type 3) to mesotrophic lake (mean depth 23m, maximum depth 36m). The clear water of the lake is typical of nutrient poor conditions with low alkalinity throughout the year. The lake stratifies during the summer period with a thermocline developing at a depth of 10-15m. It is one of three remaining natural localities in Wales for the Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, a glacial relict species and the Cwellyn population is genetically different from those that occur in Llynnau Padarn and Bodlyn. Spawning occurs in shallow, marginal waters of 2 – 6m depth on a wide size range of substrate at five distinct areas along the north-west end of the lake and around the area where the Afon Gwyrfai flows in to the lake. Brown trout Salmo trutta, and salmon Salmo salar have been recorded in Llyn Cwellyn, and the lake is accessible to eels Anguilla anguilla and sea trout. The lake supports only sparse emergent vegetation, but submerged plants occur mainly in a narrow band to c4-5m in depth, particularly on the sloping shoreline. Cwellyn supports an abundance of isoetids, its Littorella – Lobelia vegetation community being characteristic of the lake’s nutrient poor status. Quillwort Isoetes lacustris (occurring to a depth of 5.5m), water lobelia Lobelia dortmanna, shoreweed Littorella uniflora are all present. The acidophilous moss Sphagnum auriculatum occurs occasionally and the moss Fontinalis antipyretica is locally abundant in the south where bulbous rush Juncus bulbosus grows most prolifically. The nationally scarce species awlwort Subularia aquatica is abundant in places. Other nationally scarce species present are six-stamened waterwort Elatine hexandra, occurring in shallow water near the north shore and spring quillwort Isoetes echinospora. The Littorella – Lobelia community is dominant in shallow water around most of the lakes perimeter and includes awlwort, intermediate water-starwort Callitriche brutia ssp. hamulata, Juncus bulbosus var. fluitans, alternate water-milfoil Myriophyllum alterniflorum and shoreweed. In deeper water the Isoetes community occurs. The area is considered to be one of the best in the United Kingdom for floating water-plantain Luronium natans, a nationally scarce plant. The lake supports a diverse zooplankton community in the littoral zone and open water, with Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Sida crystallina and Alona affinis occurring in both areas. The macroinvertebrate fauna is dominated by insects typically of stony, wave washed lake shores. It is rich in flatworm species (microturbellaria) including Macrostomum johni and locally uncommon species of stonefly, Zwicknia bifrons, and caddisfly, Cyrnus flavidus, have been recorded. Two nationally scarce beetles have been recorded in Llyn Cwellyn, namely Laccobius atratus a scavenger water beetle, and Oulimnius troglodytes a riffle beetle. Afon Gwyrfai The Afon Gwyrfai is considered to have very good chemical and biological water quality. The river is bordered predominantly by unimproved and semi-improved grassland and substantial areas of broadleaved woodland. In its lower reaches improved grassland abuts it. The solid geology of the site consists of Precambrian tuffs, Cambrian grits, Ordovician shales and tuffs, and a doleritic intrusion. The drift geology consists of areas of glacial till with alluvium along the floodplain and river bed. The Afon Gwyrfai is considered to be one of the best examples in the United Kingdom of an oligotrophic to mesotrophic river with submerged beds of aquatic plants, especially its Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation community. In the Gwyrfai this is composed primarily of extensive beds of intermediate water-starwort Callitriche brutia ssp. hamulata, water mosses Fontinalis antipyretica and Fontinalis squamosa, alternate water-milfoil Myriophyllum alterniflorum. More localized patches of bog pondweed Potamogeton polygonifolius occur in the upper reaches, and stream water-crowfoot Ranunculus penicillatus spp. penicillatus in the lower reaches. Shoreweed, characteristically a lake species, is quite common along the river. Much of the aquatic plant interest is concentrated in the section between Betws Garmon and Waunfawr, where a relatively low gradient encourages some outstanding macrophyte beds. Emergent plants include reed canary-grass Phalaris arundinacea, yellow flag iris Iris pseudacorus, bulbous rush, lesser marshwort Apium inundatum, lesser spearwort Ranunculus flammula, round-leaved crowfoot Ranunculus omiophyllus, water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile and hemlock water-dropwort Oenanthe crocata. Aquatic lower plant communities are well represented including Scapania undulata, Sphagnum auriculatum, Isothecium holtii, Hygrohypnum ochraceum, Rhyncostegium riparioides, and Leptodictyum riparium. The Atlantic speciality Porella pinnata occurs along the river near Waunfawr. The river supports a good example of a small, relatively unexploited population of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. As is typical for small, short rivers, the fish are mainly grilse (salmon that spend only one winter at sea). Around 200 adult fish return to the Afon Gwyrfai each year, and spawning occurs along most of the rivers length, the most upstream redds being situated around the Rhyd Ddu area. The fish will lay eggs on gravelly substrate up to around cobble size. Some of the best spawning beds are at Glan–yr–Afon and Salem Ford. Small populations of both river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and brook lamprey Lampetra planeri are present in the river. Nursery habitat supporting abundant ammocoetes is found in several of the smaller streams joining the river below Waunfawr. The Afon Gwyrfai supports a significant population of otters. Two otter holts, and other potential holts, have been recorded. Six spraint sites have been found. Parts of the Afon Treweunydd are ideal otter habitat. Water vole Arvicola amphibius occur on some stretches of the river. The Afon Treweunydd has a gorge section which is very rich in ferns and bryophytes. Remarks: 1. Parts of the site lie within the Snowdonia National Park. 2. Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn SSSI is part of Afon Gwyrfai a Llyn Cwellyn Special Area of Conservation, being host to the following habitats listed in Annex I of the EC Habitats Directive: (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora). ‘Oligotrophic to mesotrophic standing waters with vegetation of the Littorelletea uniflorae and /or of the Isoeto-Nanojunctea’. ‘Water courses of plain to montane levels with the Ranunculus fluitans and Callitricho-Batrachion vegetation’. 3. The site is also host to the following species which are listed in Annex II of the EC Habitats Directive: (Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of Natural habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora). Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Otter Lutra lutra. Floating water-plantain Luronium natans. 4. This site supports a genetically distinct race of Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus. 5. Otter and water vole are listed species in the Wildlife and Countyside Act 1981 (asamended).

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
beetle Oulimnius troglodytes Not listed in GB list beetle elmidae
otter Lutra lutra LC carnivore mustelidae
spring quillwort Isoetes echinospora LC fern isoetaceae
lake quillwort Isoetes lacustris LC fern isoetaceae
eel Anguilla anguilla CR fish anguillidae
Atlantic salmon Salmo salar EN fish salmonidae
brown trout Salmo trutta LC fish salmonidae
alpine char Salvelinus alpinus VU fish salmonidae
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea LC grass poaceae
lesser marshwort Apium inundatum Not listed in GB list herb apiaceae
intermediate water-starwort Callitriche brutia ssp. hamulata Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
six-stamened waterwort Elatine hexandra LC herb elatinaceae
water horsetail Equisetum fluviatile LC herb equisetaceae
yellow iris or flag Iris pseudacorus LC herb iridaceae
shoreweed Littorella uniflora LC herb plantaginaceae
water lobelia Lobelia dortmanna LC herb campanulaceae
floating water plantain Luronium natans LC herb alismataceae
alternate water-milfoil Myriophyllum alterniflorum LC herb haloragaceae
hemlock water-dropwort Oenanthe crocata LC herb apiaceae
bog pond weed Potamogeton polygonifolius LC herb potamogetonaceae
lesser spearwort Ranunculus flammula DD herb ranunculaceae
water crowfoots Ranunculus fluitans LC herb ranunculaceae
round leaved crowfoot Ranunculus omiophyllus LC herb ranunculaceae
stream water crowfoot Ranunculus penicillatus LC herb ranunculaceae
awlwort Subularia aquatica LC herb brassicaceae
Zwicknia bifrons LC insect capniidae
river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis LC lamprey petromyzontidae
brook lamprey Lampetra planeri LC lamprey petromyzontidae
pinnate scalewort Porella pinnata LC liverwort jungermanniales
water earwort Scapania undulata LC liverwort jungermanniales
greayer water moss Fontinalis antipyretica LC moss hypnales
Alpine water moss Fontinalis squamosa LC moss hypnales
claw brook moss Hygrohypnum ochraceum Not listed in GB list moss hypnales
Holt's mouse-tail moss Isothecium holtii LC moss hypnales
Kneiff's feather-moss Leptodictyum riparium LC moss hypnales
long beaked water feather moss Rhyncostegium riparioides Not listed in GB list moss brachytheciaceae
cow horn bog moss Sphagnum auriculatum Not listed in GB list moss sphagnales
water vole Arvicola amphibius EN rodent cricetidae
bulbous rush Juncus bulbosus LC rush juncaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

M1 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex limosa, Eriophorum angustifolium, Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora fusca, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus bulbosus, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Scheuchzeria palustris, Molinia caerulea

M2 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Sphagnum cuspidatum/recurvum bog pool community

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Carex canescens, Carex magellanica, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum tenellum, Cephalozia connivens, Cephalozia lunulifolia, Gymnocolea inflata, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

M3 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Campylopus brevipilus, Drepanocladus fluitans, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum papillosum, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera rotundifolia, Agrostis canina, Molinia caerulea

M15 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Upland wet heath

Scirpus cespitosus-Erica tetralix wet heath

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Aneura pinguis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Succisa pratensis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Hypericum pulchrum, Triglochin palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Trientalis europaea, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum

M17 — Blanket bog

Scirpus cespitosus-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus setifolius, Campylopus shawii, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum imbricatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum strictum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

M18 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephalozia connivens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Narthecium ossifragum, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

M19 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Betula nana, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Vaccinium microcarpum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex nigra, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Cornus suecica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Neottia cordata, Potentilla erecta, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant

M20 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Eriophorum vaginatum blanket and raised mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia taylorii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina

M25 — Blanket bog, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland acid grassland

Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire

Salix cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia urens, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Osmunda regalis