Mariandyrys

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 53.3076, -4.0990

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Gwynedd County

Geology & landscape

Mining / Industrial: Quarry · Geological Period: Carboniferous · Rock Type: Carboniferous Limestone, Limestone

Description

Description This site is of special interest for its heathland and grassland communities as well as for its vascular plants. It occupies a south facing escarpment on Carboniferous Limestone which forms a prominent feature in the landscape of south-east Anglesey, 5 km north of Beaumaris, and encompasses a small disused quarry. Mariandyrys supports a rare example of heather Calluna vulgaris -western gorse Ulex gallii heath of the salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba sub-community. This unusual vegetation comprises a mixture of both acid and lime tolerant plants in close association, often as a complex mosaic with tussocks of low ericaceous shrubs such as heather, bell heather Erica cinerea or western gorse interspersed with such lime loving plants as the common rockrose Helianthemum nummularium and thyme Thymus praecox. This mix of calcicole (lime loving) and calcifuge (lime hating) plants appears to be related to thin deposits of drift or wind blown silt (loess) partially masking the underlying limestone rock, but the balance is a delicate one in which management by grazing and burning has also played a role. The heath is accompanied by a small area of sheep’s fescue Festuca ovina -meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis grassland of the Dicranum scoparium subcommunity and patches of sheep’s fescue Festuca ovina -carline thistle Carlina vulgaris grassland of the crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha subcommunity. Associated species include quaking grass Briza media, glaucous sedge Carex flacca and spring squill Scilla verna. Fringing areas of scrub provide sheltered conditions for grazing stock and nest sites for birds. This is the main site in Anglesey for the nationally scarce spring cinquefoil Potentilla tabernaemontani which occurs alongside populations of wild onion Allium vineale, columbine Aquilegia vulgaris, mountain everlasting Antennaria dioica, small scabious Scabiosa columbaria, fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea, autumn lady's-tresses Spiranthes spiralis and pale flax Linum bienne. The site also supports a diverse range of invertebrates including molluscs and a number of uncommon insects such as the weevil Otiorhynchus desertus, Ashworth’s rustic moth Xestia ashworthii and the fly Cnemacantha muscaria.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
beetle weevil Otiorhynchus desertus Not listed in GB list beetle weevil curculionidae
meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha NT grass poaceae
crow garlic Allium vineale LC herb liliaceae
mountain everlasting Antennaria dioica VU herb asteraceae
columbine Aquilegia vulgaris LC herb ranunculaceae
carline thistle Carlina vulgaris LC herb asteraceae
fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea NT herb orchidaceae
rock roses Helianthemum nummularium VU herb cistaceae
pale flax Linum bienne LC herb linaceae
spring cinquefoil Potentilla tabernaemontani Not listed in GB list herb rosaceae
salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba VU herb rosaceae
small scabious Scabiosa columbaria LC herb caprifoliaceae
spring squill Scilla verna LC herb liliaceae
autumn lady's tresses Spiranthes spiralis LC herb orchidaceae
creeping thyme Thymus praecox Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
broom fork moss Dicranum scoparium LC moss dicranales
Ashworth's rustic Xestia ashworthii Not listed in GB list moth noctuidae
glaucus sedge Carex flacca LC sedge cyperaceae
western gorse Ulex gallii LC shrub leguminosae
bell heather or ling Calluna vulgaris NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
bell heather Erica cinerea NT shrub dwarf ericaceae

Plant communities

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas