Ben More - Stob Binnein

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 56.3656, -4.5520

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Stirling and Falkirk County LochLomond National Park National Park 07. Ben More - Ben Ledi Wild Land Area

Condition (NatureScot)

Favourable (5)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
F1 Lichen assemblage Favourable — 2018-09-24
F2 Alpine heath Favourable — 2017-03-17
F3 Alpine moss heath and associated vegetation Favourable — 2024-03-25
F4 Tall herb ledge Favourable — 2017-03-16
F5 Vascular plant assemblage Favourable — 2011-03-17

Habitats

High montane heath and snow bed, Montane dwarf shrub heath

Geology & landscape

Landscape processes: Karst, Periglacial

Description

BEN MORE – STOB BINNEIN Ben More - Stob Binnein Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) is a hill massif within, but at the southern edge of, the Breadalbane range of hills. The site lies at the western end of Loch Doine in Balquhidder glen, 11 km west of the village of Balquhidder, and within the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park. There are 8 summits rising above 800 metres, the highest being Ben More (1174 m), Stob Binnein (1165 m), Cruach Ardrain (1045 m) and Beinn Tulaichean (945 m). Together they form the most southerly hills in the highlands exceeding 1070m and possess many notable montane features such as well-developed solifluction terraces. The underlying rocks and soils are predominantly nutrient-poor but there are limited outcrops of nutrient-rich mica-schists supporting the range of associated species-rich flora for which the Breadalbane Hills are internationally important. Ungrazed ledges support tall herb communities in which an exceptionally large number of alpine species occur. This is one of a series of high altitude sites with outstanding base-rich outcrops and associated plant communities and species developed on Dalradian schists in the Breadalbane Hills, and this site supports an unusually large range of montane habitats and species. Many of the communities are unusual so far south in the Scottish Highlands and indicate the severe montane climate of the massif. The tall herb community is found mainly at the south western side of the massif, in the vicinity of Creag Artair and Stob Invercarnaig. This community comprises luxuriant herb-rich vegetation on more lightly grazed basic cliffs and hillsides and is characterised by species such as great wood-rush Luzula sylvatica and water avens Geum rivale as well as species such as lady’s mantle Alchemilla glabra and wild thyme Thymus polytrichus. The alpine heath vegetation is largely restricted to areas on the western slopes of Stob Coire an Lochain. This type of heath is an important part of the natural altitudinal sequence of vegetation in the British uplands, replacing heather Calluna where snow lies moderately late in spring. It is dominated by blaeberry Vaccinium myrtillus and wavy hair-grass Deschampsia flexuosa, with other grasses such as sheep’s-fescue Festuca ovina, common bent Agrostis capillaris and sweet vernal-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum also occurring. The alpine moss heath and associated vegetation communities are generally to be found across the site on the summits and ridges that are most exposed, and at the heads of corries and steep slopes where snow tends to accumulate in winter. They are dominated by mat-grass Nardus stricta and stiff sedge Carex bigelowii, with woolly hair-moss Racomitrium lanuginosum also occurring in some areas. These near-natural climax vegetation communities represent some of the best examples of their type in the Stirling Council area. The site supports an outstanding assemblage of upland vascular plants, many of them nationally scarce. Species present include russet sedge Carex saxatilis, rock whitlowgrass Draba norvegica, two-flowered rush Juncus biglumis, alpine mouse-ear Cerastium alpinum and sibbaldia Sibbaldia procumbens. The lichen assemblage on Ben More Stob Binnein is also considered to be of national importance, particularly for the range of species associated with the nutrient-rich rock outcrops. These rocks are known to support a number of rare and scarce species, including Pannaria hookeri, Koerberiella wimmeriana, Miriquidica complanata and Tylothallia biformigera.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
common bent Agrostis capillaris LC grass poaceae
sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum LC grass poaceae
wavy hair grass Deschampsia flexuosa Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
mat grass Nardus stricta LC grass poaceae
lady's mantle Alchemilla glabra LC herb rosaceae
alpine mouse ear Cerastium alpinum VU herb carophyllaceae
rock whitlow grass Draba norvegica LC herb brassicaceae
water avens Geum rivale LC herb rosaceae
sibaldia Sibbaldia procumbens NT herb rosaceae
wild thyme Thymus polytrichus Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
Hooker’s matted lichen Pannaria hookeri NT lichen pannariaceae
wooly fringe moss Racomitrium lanuginosum LC moss grimmiales
two flowered rush Juncus biglumis LC rush juncaceae
great wood rush Luzula sylvatica LC rush juncaceae
stiff sedge Carex bigelowii LC sedge cyperaceae
russet sedge Carex saxatilis LC sedge cyperaceae
billberry Vaccinium myrtillus LC shrub ericaceae

Plant communities

CG12 — Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland, High montane heath and snow bed

Festuca ovina-Alchemilla alpina-Silene acaulis dwarf-herb community

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex demissa, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus trifidus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Bartramia ithyphylla, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Lescuraea incurvata, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania subalpina, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cardamine pratensis, Draba norvegica, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Sedum rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago maritima, Veronica alpina, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga nivalis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Botrychium lunaria

H13 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Cladonia arbuscula heath

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus trifidus, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Diplophyllum albicans, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Alectoria nigricans, Alectoria ochroleuca, Alectoria sarmentosa, Cetraria glauca, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Antennaria dioica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

H14 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Racomitrium lanuginosum heath

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Andreaea rothii, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichum piliferum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Hypogymnia physodes, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Platismatia glauca, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Solidago virgaurea, Succisa pratensis, Thymus praecox, Dactylorhiza maculata, Euphrasia micrantha, Polygala serpyllifolia, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris oreades, Hymenophyllum wilsonii

H15 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Juniperus communis ssp. nana heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Huperzia selago, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Herbertus stramineus, Pleurozia purpurea, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Solidago virgaurea, Succisa pratensis, Thymus praecox, Dactylorhiza maculata, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

H16 — Montane dwarf shrub heath, Upland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi heath

Betula pubescens, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cetraria glauca, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia cornuta, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia deformis, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Antennaria dioica, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Pyrola media, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Genista anglica, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Neottia cordata, Euphrasia officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina

H17 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Arctostaphylos alpinus heath

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus trifidus, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Scapania gracilis, Hypogymnia physodes, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria glauca, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Platismatia norvegica, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Solidago virgaurea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lotus corniculatus, Pinguicula vulgaris, Euphrasia frigida, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Nitella flexilis

H18 — Montane dwarf shrub heath, Upland dry heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Deschampsia flexuosa heath

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

H19 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Cladonia arbuscula heath

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum longisetum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Antennaria dioica, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Armeria maritima, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

H20 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Racomitrium lanuginosum heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranodontium uncinatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum tenellum, Tetraplodon mnioides, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Anthelia julacea, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania pearsonii, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Jungermannia atrovirens, Mastigophora woodsii, Mylia taylorii, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila carringtonii, Plagiochila spinulosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nimbosa, Scapania ornithopodioides, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma

H21 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus-Sphagnum capillifolium heath

Sorbus aucuparia, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Luzula sylvatica, Breutelia chrysocoma, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranodontium uncinatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum tenellum, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania pearsonii, Bazzania tricrenata, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Herbertus aduncus, Kurzia pauciflora, Kurzia trichoclados, Lophozia ventricosa, Mastigophora woodsii, Mylia taylorii, Nowellia curvifolia, Plagiochila carringtonii, Plagiochila spinulosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nimbosa, Scapania ornithopodioides, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Solidago virgaurea, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Hypericum pulchrum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Neottia cordata, Oxalis acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas, Hymenophyllum wilsonii

H22 — Montane dwarf shrub heath, Upland dry heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Rubus chamaemorus heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex echinata, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Huperzia selago, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lepidozia pearsonii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Neottia cordata, Potentilla erecta, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

U7 — High montane heath and snow bed

Nardus stricta-Carex bigelowii grass-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Narthecium ossifragum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U8 — High montane heath and snow bed

Carex bigelowii-Polytrichum alpinum sedge-heath

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum compactum, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia macrophylla, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U9 — High montane heath and snow bed

Juncus trifidus-Racomitrium lanuginosum rush-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum fuscescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus globosus, Stereocaulon vesuvianum, Thamnolia vermicularis, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Nitella flexilis

U10 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Carex bigelowii-Racomitrium lanuginosum moss-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum longisetum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Anastrepta orcadensis, Diplophyllum albicans, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia cervicornis, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Peltigera canina, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U11 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Polytrichum sexangulare-Kiaeria starkei snow-bed

Empetrum nigrum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Huperzia selago, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia drummondii, Pohlia ludwigii, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Kiaeria falcata, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Anthelia juratzkana, Barbilophozia floerkei, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella emarginata, Moerckia blyttii, Nardia scalaris, Pleurocladula albescens, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Solorina crocea, Gnaphalium supinum, Cerastium cerastoides, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Athyrium distentifolium

U12 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Salix herbacea-Racomitrium heterostichum snow-bed

Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Andreaea rupestris, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Gymnomitrion corallioides, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella brevissima, Nardia scalaris, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Gnaphalium supinum, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U13 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Deschampsia cespitosa-Galium saxatile grassland

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Pohlia nutans, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum russowii, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Saussurea alpina, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia frigida, Oxalis acetosella, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

U14 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Alchemilla alpina-Sibbaldia procumbens dwarf-herb community

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium aquaticum, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria