Ardwall Hill

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.8903, -4.2236

Condition (NatureScot)

Favourable (2)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
F1 Upland assemblage Favourable 2009-04-30
F2 Wet woodland Favourable 2017-02-10

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Peatland

Peat habitats store centuries of carbon and depend on a stable, waterlogged water table. Warmer, drier summers dry out peat, making it far more vulnerable to wildfire and to carbon release — a pressure that can undo years of restoration work regardless of how well the site is otherwise managed.

Geology & landscape

Landscape processes: Glacial, Peatland / Mire

Description

ARDWALL HILL This site lies approximately 2.5km northwest of Gatehouse of Fleet and is a nationally important example of a relatively undisturbed complex of low moorland, rough pasture, herb-rich meadow and wet woodland. A continuous belt of heather Calluna vulgaris occupies the highest part of the site. This grades into a glaciated low, hummocky terrace of wet acidic grasslands and heaths interspersed with bogs which are dominated by moss carpets including Sphagnum species. There are also flushes containing stands of bog myrtle Myrica gale or herb-rich communities including bog pimpernel Anagallis tenella, common butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris, round-leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia and quaking-grass Briza media. The lower parts of the site are dominated by herb-rich meadows and flushes with some scrub. The meadows and flushes include a range of sedge species; principally spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea, small-fruited yellow-sedge Carex viridula ssp. viridula, long stalked yellow sedge Carex viridula ssp. brachyrrhynca, dioecious sedge Carex dioica, star sedge C. echinata, oval sedge Carex leporina, carnation sedge C. panicea and flea sedge C. pulicaris. Also quaking-grass Briza media, whorled caraway Carum verticillatum, broad-leaved cottongrass Eriophorum latifolium, fairy flax Linum catharticum and orchids Dactylorhiza spp. Along the main burn to the east of Ardwall Hill there is wet alder woodland which is a habitat uncommon in Galloway.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
bog pimpernel Anagallis tenella Not listed in GB list herb primulaceae
whorled caraway Carum verticillatum Not listed in GB list herb apiaceae
round leaved sundew Drosera rotundifolia LC herb droceraceae
fairy flax Linum catharticum LC herb linaceae
butterwort Pinguicula vulgaris LC herb lentibulariaceae
spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea NT sedge cyperaceae
dioecious sedge Carex dioica LC sedge cyperaceae
oval sedge Carex leporina LC sedge cyperaceae
green sedge Carex viridula LC sedge cyperaceae
broad leaved cotton grass Eriophorum latifolium LC sedge cyperaceae
bell heather or ling Calluna vulgaris NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
bog myrtle Myrica gale NT shrub dwarf salicaceae

Plant communities

M1 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Sphagnum auriculatum bog pool community

Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Carex limosa, Eriophorum angustifolium, Rhynchospora alba, Rhynchospora fusca, Trichophorum cespitosum, Eleocharis multicaulis, Juncus bulbosus, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Utricularia intermedia, Utricularia minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Scheuchzeria palustris, Molinia caerulea

M2 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Sphagnum cuspidatum/recurvum bog pool community

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Carex canescens, Carex magellanica, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Aulacomnium palustre, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum tenellum, Cephalozia connivens, Cephalozia lunulifolia, Gymnocolea inflata, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera intermedia, Drosera rotundifolia, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

M3 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Eriophorum angustifolium bog pool community

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Erica tetralix, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Campylopus brevipilus, Drepanocladus fluitans, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum papillosum, Gymnocolea inflata, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Drosera rotundifolia, Agrostis canina, Molinia caerulea

M15 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Upland wet heath

Scirpus cespitosus-Erica tetralix wet heath

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex binervis, Carex demissa, Carex dioica, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus bulbosus, Juncus conglomeratus, Juncus effusus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Scorpidium revolvens, Scorpidium scorpioides, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Aneura pinguis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Succisa pratensis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Hypericum pulchrum, Triglochin palustre, Pinguicula vulgaris, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Euphrasia officinalis, Pedicularis palustris, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Trientalis europaea, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum

M17 — Blanket bog

Scirpus cespitosus-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex demissa, Carex echinata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Schoenus nigricans, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus setifolius, Campylopus shawii, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum imbricatum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum strictum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Pedicularis sylvatica, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

M18 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Erica tetralix-Sphagnum papillosum raised and blanket mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Andromeda polifolia, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Rhynchospora alba, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum magellanicum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum pulchrum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephalozia connivens, Cladopodiella fluitans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Hypogymnia physodes, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia uncialis, Drosera anglica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Narthecium ossifragum, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Molinia caerulea

M19 — Blanket bog, Raised bog

Calluna vulgaris-Eriophorum vaginatum blanket mire

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Betula nana, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Vaccinium microcarpum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex nigra, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum compactum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum tenellum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia anomala, Mylia taylorii, Ordontoschisma sphagni, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Cornus suecica, Drosera rotundifolia, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Pinguicula vulgaris, Narthecium ossifragum, Neottia cordata, Potentilla erecta, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant

M20 — Blanket bog, Raised bog, Valley mire

Eriophorum vaginatum blanket and raised mire

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fuscum, Sphagnum papillosum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Cephaloziella hampeana, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Kurzia pauciflora, Lophozia ventricosa, Mylia taylorii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Rubus chamaemorus, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina

M25 — Blanket bog, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Lowland fen, Purple moor grass and rush pasture, Upland acid grassland

Molinia caerulea-Potentilla erecta mire

Salix cinerea, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Carex echinata, Carex flacca, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Eriophorum angustifolium, Schoenus nigricans, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Aulacomnium palustre, Pohlia nutans, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum auriculatum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophozia ventricosa, Angelica sylvestris, Carum verticillatum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Pulicaria dysenterica, Serratula tinctoria, Cardamine pratensis, Lobelia urens, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Mentha aquatica, Scutellaria minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Narthecium ossifragum, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza maculata, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis curtisii, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Osmunda regalis

W1 — Wet woodland

Salix cinerea-Galium palustre woodland

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Salix purpurea, Salix viminalis, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus robur, Alnus glutinosa, Frangula alnus, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex nigra, Carex paniculata, Carex remota, Carex riparia, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Angelica sylvestris, Apium nodiflorum, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Iris pseudacorus, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Epilobium palustre, Callitriche stagnalis, Rumex acetosa, Rumex sanguineus, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Dactylis glomerata, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Dryopteris carthusiana

W2 — Wet woodland

Salix cinerea-Betula pubescens-Phragmites australis woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Salix fragilis, Betula pubescens, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Alnus glutinosa, Myrica gale, Viburnum opulus, Frangula alnus, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acuta, Carex acutiformis, Carex nigra, Carex paniculata, Carex remota, Carex vesicaria, Cladium mariscus, Juncus effusus, Juncus subnodulosus, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Plagiomnium undulatum, Pohlia nutans, Rhizomnium pseudopunctatum, Campylopus flexuosus, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Leptodictyum riparium, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Atrichum undulatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Pellia epiphylla, Humulus lupulus, Tamus communis, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Lonicera periclymenum, Valeriana officinalis, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Geranium robertianum, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium palustre, Lysimachia vulgaris, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Agrostis canina, Agrostis stolonifera, Calamagrostis canescens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma, Thelypteris palustris, Athyrium filix-femina

W3 — Turlough and fluctuation mere, Wet woodland

Salix pentandra-Carex rostrata woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Salix myrsinifolia, Salix pentandra, Salix phylicifolia, Salix viminalis, Betula pubescens, Alnus glutinosa, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex appropinquata, Carex echinata, Carex laevigata, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex rostrata, Carex vesicaria, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Aulacomnium androgynum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium elatum, Plagiomnium ellipticum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Fissidens adianthoides, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergon giganteum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Climacium dendroides, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Oxyrrhynchium speciosum, Sanionia uncinata, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Chiloscyphus pallescens, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Douinia ovata, Jungermannia obovata, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Plagiochila asplenioides, Saccogyna viticulosa, Conocephalum conicum, Marchantia polymorpha sens.lat., Pellia endiviifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Oenanthe crocata, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Myosotis laxa caespitosa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Parnassia palustris, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Pyrola rotundifolia, Ajuga reptans, Galeopsis tetrahit, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lemna minor, Menyanthes trifoliata, Epilobium palustre, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Veronica scutellata, Potamogeton polygonifolius, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Trollius europaeus, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Molinia caerulea, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris dilatata, Athyrium filix-femina

W4 — Raised bog, Upland birch wood, Wet woodland

Betula pubescens-Molinia caerulea woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix pentandra, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Crataegus monogyna, Carex laevigata, Carex nigra, Carex rostrata, Eriophorum angustifolium, Eriophorum vaginatum, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Drepanocladus fluitans, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Straminergon stramineum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum cuspidatum, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum papillosum, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Calypogeia fissa, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Angelica sylvestris, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Cirsium palustre, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Lotus pedunculatus, Menyanthes trifoliata, Chamerion angustifolium, Epilobium palustre, Oxalis acetosella, Rumex acetosa, Comarum palustre, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Galium uliginosum, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Athyrium filix-femina

W5 — Wet woodland

Alnus glutinosa-Carex paniculata woodland

Hedera helix, Salix aurita, Salix cinerea, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pubescens, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Viburnum opulus, Ribes nigrum, Ribes sylvestris, Ligustrum vulgare, Frangula alnus, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus monogyna, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex appropinquata, Carex elata, Carex elongata, Carex paniculata, Carex pseudocyperus, Carex remota, Carex riparia, Scirpus sylvaticus, Juncus effusus, Sparganium erectum, Bryum pseudotriquetrum, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergon cordifolium, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Atrichum undulatum, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Humulus lupulus, Angelica sylvestris, Berula erecta, Cicuta virosa, Oenanthe crocata, Thyselium palustre, Hydrocotyle vulgaris, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Impatiens capensis, Myosotis laxa, Myosotis scorpioides, Cardamine amara, Cardamine pratensis, Lonicera periclymenum, Valeriana dioica, Valeriana officinalis, Silene flos-cuculi, Calystegia sepium, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum palustre, Equisetum telmateia, Geranium robertianum, Hypericum tetrapterum, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Lycopus europaeus, Mentha aquatica, Lythrum salicaria, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium parviflorum, Callitriche stagnalis, Rumex hydrolapathum, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus lingua, Ranunculus repens, Thalictrum flavum, Filipendula ulmaria, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Scrophularia auriculata, Scutellaria galericulata, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Agrostis stolonifera, Calamagrostis canescens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Glyceria maxima, Holcus lanatus, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris carthusiana, Dryopteris cristata, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Osmunda regalis, Thelypteris palustris, Athyrium filix-femina

W6 — Brownfield, Wet woodland

Alnus glutinosa-Urtica dioica woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix fragilis, Salix viminalis, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Alnus glutinosa, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Solanum dulcamara, Carex acutiformis, Carex paniculata, Carex riparia, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Lophocolea heterophylla, Humulus lupulus, Angelica sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Oenanthe crocata, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Eupatorium cannabinum, Petasites hybridus, Taraxacum officianalis, Impatiens glandulifera, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria media agg., Equisetum arvense, Equisetum palustre, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris pseudacorus, Glechoma hederacea, Mentha aquatica, Stachys sylvatica, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium hirsutum, Epilobium montanum, Epilobium palustre, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica montana, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium uliginosum, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Agrostis stolonifera, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Phalaris arundinacea, Phragmites australis, Poa trivialis, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina

W7 — Wet woodland

Alnus glutinosa-Fraxinus excelsior-Lysimachia nemorum woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Salix cinerea, Salix pentandra, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus padus, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum opulus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Carex laevigata, Carex nigra, Carex pendula, Carex remota, Juncus acutiflorus, Juncus effusus, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Brachythecium rivulare, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Oxyrrhynchium hians, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium succulentum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum squarrosum, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Conocephalum conicum, Pellia endiviifolia, Pellia epiphylla, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Oenanthe crocata, Achillea ptarmica, Caltha palustris, Cirsium palustre, Crepis paludosa, Eupatorium cannabinum, Tussilago farfara, Myosotis secunda, Cardamine amara, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine pratensis, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Silene dioica, Silene flos-cuculi, Stellaria alsine, Stellaria holostea, Equisetum arvense, Equisetum fluviatile, Equisetum sylvaticum, Equisetum telmateia, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris pseudacorus, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Mentha aquatica, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium obscurum, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica montana, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus flammula, Ranunculus repens, Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium palustre, Galium saxatile, Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, Urtica dioica, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Phalaris arundinacea, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Athyrium filix-femina

W18 — Caledonian forest, Wet woodland

Pinus sylvestris-Hylocomium splendens woodland

Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Larix decidua, Picea abies, Picea sitchensis, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Aulacomnium palustre, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum russowii, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania trilobata, Calypogeia muelleriana, Calypogeia trichomanis, Diplophyllum albicans, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Scapania gracilis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia cornuta, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia macilenta, Cladonia pyxidata, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Goodyera repens, Neottia cordata, Oxalis acetosella, Trientalis europaea, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas