Allt nan Caorach

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 57.6727, -4.4645

Condition (NatureScot)

Unfavourable Declining (1) Unfavourable Recovering (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
F1 Subalpine dry heath Unfavourable Declining 2009-10-29
F2 Upland birch woodland Unfavourable Recovering 2012-03-09

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Gorge / Ravine · Rock Type: Glacial Till

Landscape processes: Fluvial, Glacial

Description

Allt nan Caorach Burn The Allt nan Caorach burn originates on the eastern flank of the Ben Wyvis massif and flows eastwards to join the River Glass. The site is focussed on an incised gorge which has cut through different rock types and boulder clays resulting in a wide range of soil conditions. This is the only site in East Ross and Cromarty which shows the transition from valley woodlands through upland birch woods to the upland vegetation of Ben Wyvis. The lowest section of the gorge, close to its confluence with the River Glass, is dominated by a range of deciduous trees including wych elm, oak and downy birch. At higher altitudes Scots pine becomes increasingly common although birch is still the dominant tree. On rocky bluffs above the river there are stands of aspen, juniper and on richer soils, hazel. Much of the site is steep sided and the ground flora is very diverse and reflects the range of soil conditions. Notable species include wood fescue Festuca altissima, wood vetch Vicia sylvatica, intermediate wintergreen Pyrola media and serrated wintergreen Orthilia secunda. In the upper, more open parts of the gorge, particularly on the drier boulder clay banks, a range of sub alpine heath communities have developed. These are dominated by dwarf-shrubs including heather Calluna vulgaris, bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and cowberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea with less frequent cross leaved heath Erica cinerea and petty whin Genista anglica. Vascular plants such as common wintergreen Pyrola minor, slender St John’s wort Hypericum pulchrum, bitter vetch Lathyrus linilolius are present.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
wood fescue Festuca altissima Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
petty whin Genista anglica EN herb fabaceae
slender St John's-wort Hypericum pulchrum LC herb hypericaceae
serrated wintergreen Orthilia secunda VU herb ericaceae
intermediate wintergreens Pyrola media LC herb ericaceae
wintergreens Pyrola minor LC herb ericaceae
cowberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea LC herb ericaceae
wood vetch Vicia sylvatica Not listed in GB list herb fabaceae
bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi LC shrub ericaceae
bell heather or ling Calluna vulgaris NT shrub dwarf ericaceae
bell heather Erica cinerea NT shrub dwarf ericaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

CG12 — Alpine and subalpine calcareous grassland, High montane heath and snow bed

Festuca ovina-Alchemilla alpina-Silene acaulis dwarf-herb community

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex demissa, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Carex pulicaris, Juncus trifidus, Juncus triglumis, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Bartramia ithyphylla, Breutelia chrysocoma, Mnium hornum, Dicranum scoparium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Lescuraea incurvata, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Tortella tortuosa, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila asplenioides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania subalpina, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Hieraclium spp., Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Solidago virgaurea, Taraxacum officianalis, Myosotis alpestris, Cardamine pratensis, Draba norvegica, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Sedum rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Linum catharticum, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Euphrasia frigida, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago maritima, Veronica alpina, Veronica officinalis, Veronica serpyllifolia, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Potentilla crantzii, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga nivalis, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola lutea, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Poa pratensis, Botrychium lunaria

H13 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Cladonia arbuscula heath

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus trifidus, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Diplophyllum albicans, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Alectoria nigricans, Alectoria ochroleuca, Alectoria sarmentosa, Cetraria glauca, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Antennaria dioica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

H14 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Racomitrium lanuginosum heath

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula multiflora, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Andreaea rothii, Campylopus atrovirens, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichum piliferum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Hypogymnia physodes, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Platismatia glauca, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Solidago virgaurea, Succisa pratensis, Thymus praecox, Dactylorhiza maculata, Euphrasia micrantha, Polygala serpyllifolia, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris oreades, Hymenophyllum wilsonii

H15 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Juniperus communis ssp. nana heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Huperzia selago, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Herbertus stramineus, Pleurozia purpurea, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Solidago virgaurea, Succisa pratensis, Thymus praecox, Dactylorhiza maculata, Polygala serpyllifolia, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta

H16 — Montane dwarf shrub heath, Upland dry heath

Calluna vulgaris-Arctostaphylos uva-ursi heath

Betula pubescens, Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum jutlandicum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Ptilidium ciliare, Hypogymnia physodes, Cetraria glauca, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia cornuta, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia deformis, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Antennaria dioica, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Pyrola media, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Genista anglica, Lathyrus montanus, Lotus corniculatus, Hypericum pulchrum, Neottia cordata, Euphrasia officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina

H17 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Arctostaphylos alpinus heath

Empetrum nigrum, Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos alpinus, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus trifidus, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Scapania gracilis, Hypogymnia physodes, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria glauca, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Platismatia norvegica, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Solidago virgaurea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lotus corniculatus, Pinguicula vulgaris, Euphrasia frigida, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Nitella flexilis

H18 — Montane dwarf shrub heath, Upland dry heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Deschampsia flexuosa heath

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium fontanum, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Veronica officinalis, Polygala serpyllifolia, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

H19 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Cladonia arbuscula heath

Empetrum nigrum subsp.nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum longisetum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia ventricosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Antennaria dioica, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Armeria maritima, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

H20 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Racomitrium lanuginosum heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Breutelia chrysocoma, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranodontium uncinatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum tenellum, Tetraplodon mnioides, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Anthelia julacea, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania pearsonii, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Jungermannia atrovirens, Mastigophora woodsii, Mylia taylorii, Nardia scalaris, Plagiochila carringtonii, Plagiochila spinulosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nimbosa, Scapania ornithopodioides, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Sphaerophorus globosus, Antennaria dioica, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Hypericum pulchrum, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Oxalis acetosella, Plantago maritima, Armeria maritima, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Phegopteris connectilis, Thelypteris limbosperma

H21 — Montane dwarf shrub heath

Calluna vulgaris-Vaccinium myrtillus-Sphagnum capillifolium heath

Sorbus aucuparia, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex pilulifera, Trichophorum cespitosum, Luzula sylvatica, Breutelia chrysocoma, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranodontium uncinatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum tenellum, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania pearsonii, Bazzania tricrenata, Calypogeia muelleriana, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Herbertus aduncus, Kurzia pauciflora, Kurzia trichoclados, Lophozia ventricosa, Mastigophora woodsii, Mylia taylorii, Nowellia curvifolia, Plagiochila carringtonii, Plagiochila spinulosa, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nimbosa, Scapania ornithopodioides, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Solidago virgaurea, Succisa pratensis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Hypericum pulchrum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Neottia cordata, Oxalis acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Molinia caerulea, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas, Hymenophyllum wilsonii

H22 — Montane dwarf shrub heath, Upland dry heath

Vaccinium myrtillus-Rubus chamaemorus heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex bigelowii, Carex echinata, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Huperzia selago, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lepidozia pearsonii, Ptilidium ciliare, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Neottia cordata, Potentilla erecta, Rubus chamaemorus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Deschampsia flexuosa, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

U7 — High montane heath and snow bed

Nardus stricta-Carex bigelowii grass-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Eriophorum vaginatum, Trichophorum cespitosum, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Anastrepta orcadensis, Anastrophyllum donianum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia hatcheri, Bazzania tricrenata, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Pleurozia purpurea, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia leucophaea, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia tenuis, Cladonia uncialis, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Cornus suecica, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Narthecium ossifragum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U8 — High montane heath and snow bed

Carex bigelowii-Polytrichum alpinum sedge-heath

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum compactum, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia floerkeana, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia macrophylla, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U9 — High montane heath and snow bed

Juncus trifidus-Racomitrium lanuginosum rush-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Dicranum fuscescens, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cetraria nivalis, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Sphaerophorus globosus, Stereocaulon vesuvianum, Thamnolia vermicularis, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta, Nitella flexilis

U10 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Carex bigelowii-Racomitrium lanuginosum moss-heath

Empetrum nigrum, Kalmia procumbens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex panicea, Carex pilulifera, Juncus squarrosus, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Aulacomnium turgidum, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum hamulosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum juniperinum, Polytrichum longisetum, Polytrichum piliferum, Polytrichum strictum, Anastrepta orcadensis, Diplophyllum albicans, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Alectoria nigricans, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia cervicornis, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia crispata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia rangiferina, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Peltigera canina, Sphaerophorus globosus, Thamnolia vermicularis, Achillea millefolium, Antennaria dioica, Gnaphalium supinum, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Alchemilla alpina, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U11 — High montane heath and snow bed, Lowland dry acid grassland, Upland dry heath

Polytrichum sexangulare-Kiaeria starkei snow-bed

Empetrum nigrum, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Huperzia selago, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia drummondii, Pohlia ludwigii, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum fuscescens, Kiaeria falcata, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Anthelia juratzkana, Barbilophozia floerkei, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella emarginata, Moerckia blyttii, Nardia scalaris, Pleurocladula albescens, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Solorina crocea, Gnaphalium supinum, Cerastium cerastoides, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca vivipara, Nardus stricta, Cryptogramma crispa, Blechnum spicant, Athyrium distentifolium

U12 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Salix herbacea-Racomitrium heterostichum snow-bed

Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Juncus trifidus, Luzula spicata, Huperzia selago, Andreaea rupestris, Conostomum tetragonum, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichastrum sexangulare, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnomitrion concinnatum, Gymnomitrion corallioides, Lophozia sudetica, Marsupella brevissima, Nardia scalaris, Cetraria delisei, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia gracilis, Cladonia pyxidata, Cladonia uncialis, Cornicularia aculeata, Ochrolechia frigida, Gnaphalium supinum, Silene acaulis, Alchemilla alpina, Galium saxatile, Agrostis canina, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Nardus stricta

U13 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Deschampsia cespitosa-Galium saxatile grassland

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Pohlia nutans, Kiaeria starkei, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum commune, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum russowii, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia floerkei, Barbilophozia lycopodioides, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia gracilis, Peltigera canina, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Saussurea alpina, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Silene acaulis, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia frigida, Oxalis acetosella, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris dilatata

U14 — High montane heath and snow bed, Upland dry heath

Alchemilla alpina-Sibbaldia procumbens dwarf-herb community

Vaccinium myrtillus, Salix herbacea, Carex bigelowii, Carex pilulifera, Juncus trifidus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula spicata, Diphasiastrum alpinum, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Andreaea alpina, Pohlia nutans, Dicranum scoparium, Racomitrium aquaticum, Racomitrium canescens sens.lat., Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Pleurozium schreberi, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Oligotrichum hercynicum, Pogonatum urnigerum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Polytrichum piliferum, Barbilophozia floerkei, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophozia sudetica, Nardia scalaris, Ptilidium ciliare, Cetraria islandica, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia bellidiflora, Cladonia pyxidata, Achillea millefolium, Gnaphalium supinum, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Campanula rotundifolia, Cerastium alpinum, Cerastium fontanum, Minuartia sedoides, Sagina saginoides, Silene acaulis, Thymus praecox, Euphrasia officinalis, Armeria maritima, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Trollius europaeus, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla filicaulis, Alchemilla glabra, Potentilla erecta, Sibbaldia procumbens, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola palustris, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Blechnum spicant, Botrychium lunaria