Castle Hill Deer Park and Windy Pits

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.2372, -1.1040

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North Yorkshire County NORTH YORK MOORS National Park

Condition (Natural England)

Unfavourable Recovering (13) Unfavourable Declining (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SE571832 — Unfavourable Recovering 15.18 2024-03-26
SE575834 — Unfavourable Recovering 17.36 2024-03-26
SE575835 — Unfavourable Recovering — 2024-03-26
SE579827 — Unfavourable Recovering 5.02 2024-03-26
SE579832 — Unfavourable Recovering 13.49 2024-03-26
SE581828 — Unfavourable Recovering 12.3 2024-03-26
SE582829 — Unfavourable Recovering — 2012-04-27
SE583827 — Unfavourable Recovering 10.66 2024-03-26
SE585830 — Unfavourable Recovering 4.64 2024-03-26
SE588822 — Unfavourable Recovering 11.39 2024-03-26
SE588828 — Unfavourable Declining 12.22 2024-03-26
SE589824 — Unfavourable Recovering 5.07 2024-03-26
SE592820 — Unfavourable Recovering 9.74 2024-03-26
SE598819 — Unfavourable Recovering 23.18 2024-03-26

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Habitats

Fast flowing river and stream, Wood pasture

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Cave / Cavern · Rock Type: Limestone

Landscape processes: Coastal, Fluvial, Karst

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
crane Breeding

Description

Description Castle Hill Deer Park and Windy Pit's SSSI is nationally important for its population of veteran trees present over an extensive area formerly managed as wood pasture, assemblages of wood and fungal feeding saproxylic invertebrates, population of oak polypore Piptoporus quercinus a fungal species listed in Schedule 8 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981, mixed assemblages of hibernating and swarming bats and the static geomorphological features of Buckland’s Windy Pit. General description Castle Hill Deer Park and Windy Pit's SSSI comprises a series of deeply incised valleys, lying south of the River Rye, interspersed with high ridges which are covered with scattered veteran trees. Many of the original trees have survived recent conifer planting and date from much earlier times. There is evidence that much of the area was managed as woodland/wood pasture for many centuries and may well date back to a deer park thought to have been in existence at the time of the Norman Helmsley Castle. The woodlands and former wood pasture are dominated by both pedunculate Quercus robur and sessile oak Q. petraea and hybrids, followed by small leaved Tilia cordata and large leaved lime Tilia platyphyllos. Birch Betula sp. is a ‘pioneer’ species often acting as a useful ‘nurse’ crop to saplings of the more dominant trees, protecting them from local deer browsing. Other woody species on more base rich soils include ash Fraxinus excelsior, wych elm Ulmus glabra, beech Fagus sylvatica and sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus, whilst holly Ilex aquifolium and rowan Sorbus aucuparia occur on the more acid soils. Alder Alnus glutinosa dominates alongside the River Rye. Past planting has left a varied mix of Scot’s pine Pinus sylvestris, western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla, sitka spruce Picea sitchensis and beech. The ground flora is mixed depending on local soil type being dominated by wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus, foxglove Digitalis purpurea, sheep’s fescue Festuca ovina and tormentil Potentilla erecta in more acid areas and by species such as dog’s mercury Mercurialis perennis in more base rich areas. Veteran trees The trees at Castle Hill Deer Park are relict wood pasture occurring on both limestone and more acid rocks. There are over 450 veteran trees, mainly of oak and lime with some important riverside alders and this represents a huge resource in combination with the similar population at the adjacent Duncombe Park SSSI. The trees appear to largely be older and more gnarled than those at Duncombe Park and may well reflect a long term, less intensive management policy for this area. Recent management has concentrated on gradually releasing the veteran trees from the shading effects of planted conifers by ‘haloing’ and thinning, whilst natural regeneration of oak, rowan and ash saplings has been retained. The great age of many of the trees provides an abundance of dead and fallen timber. Inside these trees there is a succession of fungi associated with dead and decaying wood, such as chicken of the woods Laetiporus sulphureus and other decay fungi which actively break down the heartwood into cellulose and lignin, producing a rich internal wood mould. This habitat, often deep within a large living tree, can provide a stable environment for many rare and specialised saproxylic wood feeding invertebrate species for many years. Invertebrates The veteran trees and associated habitats support a nationally important assemblage of wood and fungal feeding saproxylic invertebrates associated with heartwood decay, bark and sapwood decay and with fungal fruiting bodies. Many of these invertebrate species are nationally rare and are thought to represent a fauna that was once much more widespread in southern lowland forests and wood pasture but which has declined due to the loss of veteran trees. They appear now to only be found on sites where there has been long term continuity of veteran trees. Typical species found at Castle Hill Deer Park include the six spotted longhorn beetle Anoplodera sexguttata, the Melandryid beetle Hypulus quercinus and the soldier beetle Malthodes crassicornis. The New Forest is the only other British site which supports all three of these species. A further rare species, the lime bark beetle Ernoporicus caucasicus, is present within the plantation areas and is similarly at its northernmost British site here. This species is not known to occur in the New Forest and so the four species combine as an assemblage unique in Britain. There is also an extensive list of nationally scarce and otherwise uncommon saproxylic beetles such as the darkling beetle Prionychus ater, the false darkling beetle Abdera flexuosa and the hairy fungus beetle Mycetophagus piceus and the uncommon beetles the hairy fungus beetle Pseudotriphyllus suturalis, the sap beetle Omosita discoidea, the rove beetle Quedius xanthopus and the shining fungus beetle Tetratoma fungorum. Rare flies known from Castle Hill Deer Park include four key saproxylic British Red Data Book species which are known from very few British sites, the cranefly Lipsothrix errans, the dance fly Anthalia beatricella, another dance fly Leptopeza borealis and the Endangered Pseudopomyza atrimana. At least eight nationally scarce and otherwise uncommon species, including hoverflies and crane flies are also present. Scattered flowering trees such as lime and sycamore and flowering shrubs, including hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, elder Sambucus nigra and guelder rose Viburnum opulus, as well as peaks in localised flowering of species such as hogweed Heracleum sphondylium, provide important nectar sources for insects, as well as places to breed. Fungi The veteran trees also support rare fungi, including oak polypore Piptoporus quercinus, which are only known from a handful of other veteran tree sites with a long continuity of management and where there appears to be a good age structure ensuring the continuity of the supporting tree population. Static geomorphological features The Ryedale Windy Pit's at Buckland’s are vertical or near vertical fissures in the Lower Calcareous Grit Formation, often roofed over by boulders and accessible via fox hole like openings. The name ‘windy pit’ describes the warm, moist air that often rises from the cave entrances and condenses in cold weather. The high, parallel sided passage morphology, presence of large rocks wedged between walls at irregular intervals and at various heights, offsets between beds seen in the passage walls, combined with the absence of evidence for a stream having occupied the passage floors, indicates that the complex of fissures have been formed through mass movement processes. This process is thought to have involved deep seated lateral movements within the underlying Oxford Clay Formation with the resultant opening of joints and valleyward sliding of blocks of the Lower Calcareous Grit. Caves formed by mass movement processes are widespread in Britain. However, the Buckland’s Windy Pit is the longest and most complex so far discovered. Together with ridge and trough features on the ground surface above, it testifies to a complex shifting of huge blocks of Lower Calcareous Grit toward the valley, most probably due to ductile movements within the underlying Oxford Clay and possibly along bands within the Lower Calcareous Grit and/or Hambleton Oolite. This involved various differential movements of the blocks relative to each other, which opened upjoints at high angles to the valley side. Bats The Ryedale Windy Pit's at Snip Gill, Antofts and Helmsley also known as Buckland’s are nationally important for their winter hibernating bat assemblage which includes whiskered Myotis mystacinus, Brandt’s Myotis brandtii, Daubenton's Myotis daubentonii, Natterer’s Myotis nattereri and brown long eared bats Plecotus auritus. These sites are very important as ‘refugia’ for the long term survival of these species. In 2009, Alcathoe bat Myotis alcathoe was captured in small numbers at Snip Gill. This population is extremely important as it is one of only three sites in the UK where there are records of this species, which was only described in 2001 from bats caught in Greece. The numerous hollows in the old tree ‘hulks’ are also believed to be very important for bat hibernation. As well as being used for hibernation, the windy pits are also the site of some spectacular ‘swarming’ of bats between August and November each year, where the bats meet and breed. Similar mixed assemblages occur to those that hibernate at the site, with Natterer’s bats the most abundant. The bats visit these three caves during August, September and October, ‘swarming’ around the entrances and in the caves and ringing indicates a rapid turnover of a very large population. Many of the bats that visit the caves to mate are likely to use them to hibernate too. The windy pits attract a significant proportion of the national population of Natterer’s bats. The catchment area of the caves, determined by recapture at summer roosts, has a minimum radius of more than 60 km, with bats travelling to summer roosts as far afield as Ellerburn near Pickering, Low Catton near York and Winteringham and South Cave both close to the Humber Estuary. The Windy Pit's swarming site provides an important opportunity for genetic mixing between the different populations in the wider catchment area, which is critical to prevent inbreeding.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
Alcathoe bat Myotis alcathoe DD bat vespertillonidae
Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii DD bat vespertillonidae
Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LC bat vespertillonidae
whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus DD bat vespertillonidae
Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LC bat vespertillonidae
brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LC bat vespertillonidae
beetle Abdera flexuosa LC beetle melandryidae
no common name Hypulus quercinus LC beetle melandryidae
beetle Malthodes crassicornis NT beetle cantharidae
beetle Mycetophagus piceus LC beetle mycetophagidae
beetle Omosita discoidea Not listed in GB list beetle nitidulidae
beetle Prionychus ater LC beetle tenebrionidae
no common name Pseudotriphyllus suturalis LC beetle mycetophagidae
no common name Tetratoma fungorum LC beetle tetratomidae
six spotted longhorn Anoplodera sexguttata NT beetle longhorn cerambycidae
rove beetle Quedius xanthopus LC beetle rove staphylinidae
beetle Ernoporicus caucasicus Not listed in GB list beetle weevil curculionidae
crane Grus grus VU (Breeding) bird-crane gruidae
northern yellow splinter Lipsothrix errans Not listed in GB list cranefly limoniidae
fly Anthalia beatricella Not listed in GB list fly hybotidae
fly Leptopeza borealis Not listed in GB list fly hybotidae
fly Pseudopomyza atrimana DD fly pseudopomyzidae
chicken of the woods Laetiporus sulphureus Not listed in GB list fungi fomitopsidaceae
oak polypore Piptoporus quercinus Not listed in GB list fungi fomitopsidaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
foxglove Digitalis purpurea LC herb plantaginaceae
hogweed Heracleum sphondylium CR(PE) herb apiaceae
dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis LC herb euphorbiaceae
wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella LC herb oxalidaceae
tormentil Potentilla erecta LC herb rosaceae
hawthorn Crataegus monogyna LC shrub rosaceae
blackthorn Prunus spinosa LC shrub rosaceae
elder Sambucus nigra LC shrub caprifoliaceae
billberry Vaccinium myrtillus LC shrub ericaceae
gelder rose Viburnum opulus LC shrub caprifoliaceae
sycamore Acer pseudoplatanus Not listed in GB list tree aceraceae
alder Alnus glutinosa LC tree salicaceae
beech Fagus sylvatica LC tree fabiaceae
ash Fraxinus excelsior LC tree oleaceae
holly Ilex aquifolium LC tree aquifoliaceae
sitka spruce Picea sitchensis Not listed in GB list tree pinaceae
Scot's pine Pinus sylvestris LC tree pinaceae
common oak Quercus robur LC tree fagaceae
rowan Sorbus aucuparia LC tree rosaceae
lime small leaved Tilia cordata LC tree malvaceae
large leaved lime Tilia platyphyllos LC tree malvaceae
western hemlock Tsuga heterophylla Not listed in GB list tree pinaceae
wych elm Ulmus glabra LC tree ulmaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

W10 — Atlantic oak wood, Lowland dry oak and birch wood, Lowland mixed oak and ash wood, Wood pasture

Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Tilia x europaea, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Viburnum opulus, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cytisus scoparius, Ulex europaeus, Ligustrum vulgare, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Carex sylvatica, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Dicranum scoparium, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Pellia epiphylla, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Jacobaea vulgaris, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Corydalis claviculata, Geranium robertianum, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia nemorum, Lysimachia nummularia, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W11 — Altantic hazel wood, Atlantic oak wood, Caledonian forest, Upland birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Oxalis acetosella woodland

Acer campestre, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cytisus scoparius, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium undulatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum longisetum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila spinulosa, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Campanula rotundifolia, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria holostea, Pyrola minor, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Geranium robertianum, Hypericum pulchrum, Ajuga reptans, Teucrium scorodonia, Convallaria majalis, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica officinalis, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W14 — Beech wood, Wood pasture

Fagus sylvatica-Rubus fruticosus woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Ruscus aculeatus, Ligustrum vulgare, Carex remota, Carex sylvatica, Luzula pilosa, Mnium hornum, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Arum maculatum, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Stellaria media agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Hypericum pulchrum, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Epipactis helleborine, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Geum urbanum, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium odoratum, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas

W15 — Beech wood, Wood pasture

Fagus sylvatica-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Calluna vulgaris, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ruscus aculeatus, Carex pilulifera, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum formosum, Tetraphis pellucida, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Lepidozia reptans, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia squamules, Lonicera periclymenum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Rubus fruticosus agg., Melanpyrum pratense, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa nemoralis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata

W16 — Atlantic oak wood, Lowland dry oak and birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus spp.-Betula spp.-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Populus tremula, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Frangula alnus, Crataegus monogyna, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus pyriformis, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranodontium denudatum, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Plagiothecium succulentum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tetraphis pellucida, Barbilophozia attenuata, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Gymnocolea inflata, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia coniocraea, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia squamosa, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Corydalis claviculata, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata

W17 — Altantic hazel wood, Atlantic oak wood, Caledonian forest, Upland birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Dicranum majus woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Juniperus communis, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Crataegus monogyna, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Andreaea rupestris, Mnium hornum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranodontium denudatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Dicranum scottianum, Leucobryum glaucum, Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Eurhynchium striatum, Heterocladium heteropterum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium armoricum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sematophyllum demissum, Sematophyllum micans, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Tetraphis pellucida, Adelanthus decipiens, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia attenuata, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Bazzania trilobata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Fuscocephaloziopsis lunulifolia, Harpanthus scutatus, Jamesoniella autumnalis, Jungermannia gracillima, Lepidozia pearsonii, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Lophozia ventricosa, Marsupella emarginata, Microlejeunea ulicina, Mylia taylorii, Nowellia curvifolia, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila atlantica, Plagiochila killarniensis, Plagiochila porelloides, Plagiochila punctata, Plagiochila spinulosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Saccogyna viticulosa, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Scapania umbrosa, Tritomaria exsectiformis, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia squamules, Cladonia subcervicornis, Parmelia saxatilis, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Cornus suecica, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Goodyera repens, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa nemoralis, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris aemula, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Polypodium vulgare, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina