Bellerby Fields

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.3339, -1.8288

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SE111931 Favourable 2.75 2011-06-01

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
crane Unknown
cuckoo Unknown

Description

Description Bellerby Fields are of special interest for their areas of unimproved neutral grassland of a type that is rare and threatened at the local and national levels. The nature conservation interest is maintained through hay meadow management without agricultural intensification. It isestimated that only 3.5 percent of such mesotrophic grassland in the Yorkshire Dales remains with moderately high botanical interest. In Richmondshire District outside the National Park the figure drops to less than 0.5 percent and Bellerby Fields are one of the richest examples in the area. The main grassland communities are of interest and comprise the 'crested dog's tail common knapweed' and 'sweet vernal grass wood crane's bill' Cynosurus cristatus Centaurea nigra and Anthoxanthum odoratum Geranium sylvaticum types. The site lies at an altitude of approximately 230 metres above sea level and occupies a south east facing slope above a small tributary of the River Swale. The intricate mosaic of grassland communities present is typical of the transition zone between upland and lowland hay meadow communities. The site retains a rich flora throughout with a diverse suite of hay meadow species. Sweet vernal grass, yellow rattle Rhinanthus minor, meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris and red clover Trifolium pratense are all common, while pignut Conopodium majus, lady's mantle Alchemilla xanthochlora, selfheal Prunella vulgaris, meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis and oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare also occur. Localised variations in soil moisture and acidity contribute to variety in the sward's species composition. In the slightly more acidic areas red fescue Festuca rubra, cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata and betony Betonica officinalis are typical. Whereas in the more neutral to basic areas meadow saxifrage Saxifraga granulataa, which is locally abundant, hairy oat grass Avenula pubescens, salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba and early purple orchid Orchis mascula all occur. In the flatter parts of the site conditions become damper and characteristic species include meadowsweet Filipendula ulmaria, cuckoo-flower Cardamine pratensis and bugle Ajuga reptans. Yarrow Achillea millefolium, crested dog's tail and perennial rye grass Lolium perenne are occasional in the sward.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum LC grass poaceae
downy oat grass Avenula pubescens LC grass poaceae
crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne LC grass poaceae
yarrow Achillea millefolium LC herb asteraceae
bugle Ajuga reptans LC herb lamiaceae
lady's mantle Alchemilla xanthochlora VU herb rosaceae
betony Betonica officinalis VU herb lamiaceae
cuckoo-flower Cardamine pratensis LC herb brassicaceae
black knapweed Centaurea nigra LC herb asteraceae
pignut Conopodium majus LC herb apiaceae
meadow sweet Filipendula ulmaria LC herb rosaceae
wood cranesbill Geranium sylvaticum LC herb geraniaceae
cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata LC herb asteraceae
meadow vetchling Lathyrus pratensis LC herb fabaceae
oxeye daisy Leucanthemum vulgare LC herb asteraceae
early purple orchid Orchis mascula LC herb orchidaceae
salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba VU herb rosaceae
selfheal Prunella vulgaris LC herb lamiaceae
meadow buttercup Ranunculus acris DD herb ranunculaceae
yellow-rattle Rhinanthus minor DD herb orobanchaceae
red clover Trifolium pratense LC herb fabaceae

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea

MG7 — Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Mesotrophic grassland

Lolium perenne leys and related grasslands Lolium perenne-Alopecurus pratensis grassland

Juncus inflexus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Achillea millefolium, Bellis perennis, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium vulgare, Hypochaeris radicata, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Taraxacum officianalis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Cardamine pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Cerastium glomeratum, Stellaria media agg., Lathyrus pratensis, Trifolium dubium, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Vicia sativa, Plantago lanceolata, Plantago major, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus bulbosus, Ranunculus repens, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Bromus hordeaceous, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Lolium multiflorum, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense, Poa annua, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus pratensis

MG9 — Brownfield, Coastal floodplain grazing marsh, Mesotrophic grassland

Holcus lanatus-Deschampsia cespitosa grassland

Carex hirta, Carex nigra, Carex panicea, Juncus articulatus, Juncus effusus, Juncus inflexus, Brachythecium rutabulum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Achillea millefolium, Achillea ptarmica, Centaurea nigra, Cirsium arvense, Cirsium palustre, Cirsium vulgare, Jacobaea vulgaris, Leucanthemum vulgare, Pulicaria dysenterica, Scorzoneroides autumnalis, Senecio aquaticus, Taraxacum officianalis, Cardamine pratensis, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Lathyrus pratensis, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus pedunculatus, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Vicia cracca, Hypericum perforatum, Mentha aquatica, Dactylorhiza fuchsii, Plantago lanceolata, Rumex acetosa, Rumex conglomeratus, Rumex crispus, Rumex obtusifolius, Rumex sanguineus, Primula veris, Primula vulgaris, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Agrimonia eupatoria, Filipendula ulmaria, Potentilla anserina, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium verum, Silaum silaus, Urtica dioica, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Alopecurus pratensis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Briza media, Cynosurus cristatus, Dactylis glomerata, Danthonia decumbens, Deschampsia cespitosa, Festuca rubra, Glyceria fluitans, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Hordeum secalinum, Lolium perenne, Phalaris arundinacea, Phleum pratense, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus arundinaceus, Schedonorus pratensis, Trisetum flavescens