Len Pastures, Crackpot

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.3658, -2.0385

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SD975967 Favourable 4.1 2024-12-18

Description

Description Len Pastures, Crackpot are an excellent example of herb rich, traditionally managed pastures of a type now increasingly rare nationally due to agricultural intensification. The site is particularly notable for the largest colony of greater butterfly orchid Platanthera chlorantha known to occur in the Yorkshire Dales. On upper slopes, the character of the grassland is predominantly neutral and the sward comprises sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus, red fescue Festuca rubra and quaking grass Briza media, with some species more typical of rougher grassland, such as tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa and soft rush Juncus effusus, also scattered throughout. Herb species including smooth lady's mantle Alchemilla glabra, rough hawkbit Leontodon hispidus, pignut Conopodium majus and selfheal Prunella vulgaris occur together with an abundance of some later flowering herbs, particularly devil's bit scabious Succisa pratensis and common knapweed Centaurea nigra. Several sedge species indicative of an unimproved sward, including carnation sedge Carex panicea and spring sedge Carex caryophyllea, are present. Further downslope, in Crackpot Gill, the pastures become locally semi acidic in character dueto the increased gradient and resultant leaching of nutrients. Dominant grasses are common bent Agrostis capillaris and sheep's fescue Festuca ovina. The grassland remains very herb rich and typical species here include betony Betonica officinalis, devil's bit scabious, common bird's foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus, common cat's ear Hypochaeris radicata, wood anemone Anemone nemorosa and tormentil Potentilla erecta. The greater butterfly orchid occurs mainly on this sloping ground, where melancholy thistle Cirsium heterophyllum is also found. The lower slopes support scattered scrub, predominantly dog rose Rosa canina and hawthorn Crataegus monogyna and this develops into a narrow area of woodland by Haverdale Beck, where elements of a woodland ground flora including primrose Primula vulgaris and wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella are evident. Common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii grows in a marshy area by the footbridge in the most northerly pasture. Other Information This site adjoins the existing Stephen Ings SSSI.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
common bent Agrostis capillaris LC grass poaceae
sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum LC grass poaceae
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
crested dog's tail Cynosurus cristatus LC grass poaceae
tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa LC grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
lady's mantle Alchemilla glabra LC herb rosaceae
wood anemone Anemone nemorosa LC herb ranunculaceae
betony Betonica officinalis VU herb lamiaceae
black knapweed Centaurea nigra LC herb asteraceae
melancholy thistle Cirsium heterophyllum LC herb asteraceae
pignut Conopodium majus LC herb apiaceae
spotted orchids Dactylorhiza fuchsii LC herb orchidaceae
cat's-ear Hypochaeris radicata LC herb asteraceae
rough hawkbit Leontodon hispidus LC herb asteraceae
birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus LC herb fabaceae
wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella LC herb oxalidaceae
greater butterfly orchid Platanthera chlorantha NT herb orchidaceae
tormentil Potentilla erecta LC herb rosaceae
primrose Primula vulgaris LC herb primulaceae
selfheal Prunella vulgaris LC herb lamiaceae
dog-rose Rosa canina LC herb rosaceae
devils-bit scabious Succisa pratensis VU herb caprifoliaceae
soft rush Juncus effusus LC rush juncaceae
spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea NT sedge cyperaceae
carnation sedge Carex panicea NT sedge cyperaceae
hawthorn Crataegus monogyna LC shrub rosaceae

Plant communities

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas