Cranborne Chase

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 50.9565, -2.0661

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Also within

Dorset CountyWiltshire County Cranborne Chase & West Wiltshire Downs Scenic Area

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (7) Unfavourable Recovering (15)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
ST922173 — Favourable 5.14 2009-06-17
ST923174 — Favourable 26.05 2010-12-15
ST929164 — Unfavourable Recovering 9.48 2009-06-08
ST934148 — Unfavourable Recovering 5.4 2009-06-04
ST934164 — Unfavourable Recovering 18.74 2009-06-04
ST935166 — Unfavourable Recovering 18.74 2009-06-04
ST944154 — Favourable 21.74 2009-06-17
ST953173 — Unfavourable Recovering 9.14 2009-11-26
ST954174 — Unfavourable Recovering 9.14 2009-11-26
ST955164 — Unfavourable Recovering 16.48 2009-06-17
ST958174 — Unfavourable Recovering 28.19 2009-06-17
ST963194 — Unfavourable Recovering 37.43 2009-06-15
ST965190 — Favourable 15.54 2009-06-16
ST969180 — Unfavourable Recovering 85.01 2009-06-16
ST970195 — Favourable 36.97 2009-11-25
ST975174 — Unfavourable Recovering 85.01 2009-06-16
ST975179 — Unfavourable Recovering 85.01 2009-06-16
ST977171 — Unfavourable Recovering 85.01 2009-06-16
ST980197 — Favourable 31.26 2009-11-25
ST981189 — Unfavourable Recovering 71.58 2009-06-01
ST995194 — Favourable 10.32 2009-06-24
SU002190 — Unfavourable Recovering 34.76 2020-09-30

Habitats

Ancient woodland, Beech wood, Bracken scrub, Coppiced woodland, Wood pasture

Geology & landscape

Rock Type: Chalk

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
blackcap Breeding
blackcap Wintering
buzzard Breeding
buzzard Wintering
garden warbler Breeding
hobby Breeding
hobby Wintering
kestrel Breeding
kestrel Wintering
nightingale Breeding
sparrowhawk Breeding
sparrowhawk Wintering
tree pipit Breeding
whitethroat Breeding
woodcock Breeding
woodcock Wintering

Description

Area, 451.4 ha. 1115.4 ac. Description Straddling the Dorset/ Wiltshire border, Cranborne Chase comprises one of the largest tracts of semi natural woodland in these counties. It derives from an ancient hunting forest and includes remnants of enclosed medieval coppice, commonland wood pasture and 19th century hazel plantation. The ground flora includes many uncommon species and is exceptionally rich in plants closely associated with ancient woodland. The Chase is one of the richest sites for lichens in southern England. The invertebrate fauna includes uncommon butterflies and moths and the site supports a diverse woodland bird fauna. Cranborne Chase is a relict of an ancient hunting forest, the bounds of which formerly exceeded 27 miles. Saxon charters and landscape studies suggest that up until the 10th century the area was a largely unmanaged dense forest. From the 11th century until its disfranchisement in 1829 the site was managed as a chase, sometimes owned privately and from the time of King John until James I by royalty, although it was never a Royal Forest. Deer were maintained at high populations reportedly over 12,000 and keepers upheld forest laws preventing their exploitation. Throughout this time the Chase was managed for several interests, accommodating the rights of commoners to graze stock and take underwood, as well as the prerogatives of the Crown or Lords of the Chase. During medieval times a complex matrix of small areas of wood pasture and extensive coppices developed, depending on local rights to pasture animals or cut wood. Commoners were required to fence out deer and stock from newly cut coppice; from the distribution of today's coppices, older place names and the location of coppice floras, it appears that most of the enclosed coppices were to the south and east of the Chase. The distribution of wood pasture can be deduced from older maps and place names, together with rare large pollards, one of which was estimated to be 450 years old and unpollarded for 300 years at its recent demise. The species involved include whitebeam, which is practically unknown in pollard form elsewhere in the county. The Chase rights were acquired by George Pitt in 1714 and the property subsequently managed by the Pitt and Pitt Rivers families who have created prominent landscape features, including large beech and lime avenues planted by General Pitt Rivers in the mid 19th century. When Cranborne Chase was disfranchised by Act of Parliament in 1829, deer were destroyed in all areas except Rushmore Park. From that same period, coppice management was increasingly focused on the production of hazel to provide hurdles for the sheep industry, and less marketable species were removed. On former pastures such as Bridmore Green and Farnham Common hazel was planted and on Tollard Green, woodland established naturally after the cessation of grazing. Although a decline in the demand for hazel products during the 20th century has resulted in less coppicing and a shift towards high forest, Cranborne Chase remains one of the largest areas of worked hazel in Britain. Cranborne Chase lies on an undulating plateau of Upper and Middle Chalk, with local deposits of Clay with Flints. The site, which rises steeply along its northern edge, slopes gently to the valleys of the Stour and Avon. Soils include shallow calcareous rendzinas of the Andover and Wallop series where bedrock chalk lies near the surface, acid brown earths of the Porton series where the chalk lies deeper beneath clay and non calcareous brown earths of the Garston and Charity series developed on valley bottom deposits. Four woodland stand types occur. More than half of the site consists of dry ash maple woodland, a rare and declining habitat in Britain which develops on medium to heavy freely drained soils. This consists largely of oak and ash standards over coppice dominated by hazel. There are large standards of field maple together with spindle, holly and occasional whitebeam. lowland hazel pedunculate oak wood forms about one quarter of the site, mainly in the southern part of The Chase. This stand type which is associated with strongly acid, light to medium texture soils, has an oak and birch canopy, with hazel underwood and a ground flora of bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. The remainder of the site is largely pedunculate oak hazel ash woodland, which occurs in both its heavy soil and southern calcareous soil forms. In addition there are areas of oak ash beech woodland, in which field maple is prominent, together with small plantations of fine beech. The diverse ground flora reflects differences in soil types and management. Dominant components beneath denser canopies include dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis, bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, pignut Conopodium majus and sanicle Sanicula europaea on neutral and calcareous soils and bracken and wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella in acid areas. Fifty seven plant species associated with ancient woodland have been recorded in Cranborne Chase, more than almost any other woodland in central southern England. These include greater butterfly orchid Platanthera chlorantha and butcher's broom Ruscus aculeatus particularly on the drier soils and bird's nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis, a species which grows amongst deep leaf litter under beech where it feeds on decaying plant remains. Amongst the less common species on lime rich soils are narrow lipped helleborine Epipactis leptochila, columbine Aquilegia vulgaris and stinking hellebore Helleborus foetidus, whilst more acid areas support scaly male fern Dryopteris affinis and heath cudweed Omalotheca sylvatica. Cranborne Chase has an exceptionally diverse lower plant flora including more than 150 species which grow on the trunks and branches of trees as epiphytes. The site has over 160 lichens recorded and outside the New Forest it is the richest site of its size in central southern England. Thirteen species are rare in Britain, including Pannaria conoplea, a lichen associated with ancient woodland in the oceanic climate of western Britain, Sticta sylvatica which grows on mossy tree trunks largely in the north and west and Usnea articulata, a formerly widespread species which is extremely susceptible to sulphur dioxide pollution and now virtually confined to the south west. The moss and liverwort flora comprises over 80 species. These include the liverwort Nowellia curvifolia, a species requiring high humidity and which grows on decaying wood, in western Britain and the moss Leptodon smithii which is associated with tree bark in south and south west England. The structural diversity and complex history of Cranborne Chase contributes to the rich invertebrate fauna. Certain species are dependent on dead and dying wood and moist shady conditions in parts of the Chase. These include three uncommon species of fly, the cranefly Ctenophora pectinicornis and the hoverflies Criorhina ranunculi and Brachypalpus valgus. The latter is listed as rare in the British Red Data Book. Over 30 species of butterfly have been recorded. These include silver washed fritillary, the larvae of which hibernate in tree bark and subsequentlyfeed on violets Viola spp in partial shade and the uncommon pearl bordered fritillary whose larvae feed on violets in more open conditions in glades and recently opened coppice coupes. Over 120 species of moth have been recorded including orange footman Eilema sororcula whose larvae feed on lichens on oak and beech, brindled white spot Parectropis similaria the larvae of which are associated with hazel and hawthorn in oak woods and large red belted clearwing Synanthedon culiciformis, a day flying moth with larvae which develop under birch bark. The deer which roam throughout the woodland are descended from the park herd established using animals from The Chase when it was disfranchised. Populations are estimated to be approximately 300 fallow and 100 roe. The latter appear to be increasing, probably as a consequence of an increase in suitable conditions created by recent planting programmes. The deer have exerted a major ecological influence on the Chase woodland during the whole of its history. Other mammals include muntjac, badger, fox and common dormouse. The varied structure and great extent of the woodland support a diverse bird fauna. Species associated with coppice blocks include nightingale, garden warbler, blackcap, whitethroat and tree pipit. All three British woodpecker, great spotted woodpecker, lesser spotted woodpecker and green woodpecker occur, being dependent on large trees for breeding and mature wood for feeding. There are breeding and wintering populations of woodcock. Tawny, little and barn owls breed in hollow trees and hunt in the woodland and over open country. Breeding raptors include buzzard, kestrel, sparrowhawk and hobby.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus NT (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
buzzard Buteo buteo LC (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
hobby Falco subbuteo LC (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
kestrel Falco tinnunculus VU (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
tree pipit Anthus trivialis LC (Breeding) bird-pipit motacillidae
nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos VU (Breeding) bird-robin muscicapidae
blackcap Sylvia atricapilla LC (Breeding) bird-warbler sylviidae
garden warbler Sylvia borin LC (Breeding) bird-warbler sylviidae
whitethroat Sylvia communis Not listed in GB list bird-warbler sylviidae
woodcock Scolopax rusticola LC (NonBreeding), VU (Breeding) bird-woodcock scolopacidae
great spotted woodpecker Dendrocopos major LC (Breeding) bird-woodpecker picidae
lesser spotted woodpecker Dryobates minor EN (Breeding) bird-woodpecker picidae
green woodpecker Picus viridis LC (Breeding) bird-woodpecker picidae
scaly male-fern Dryopteris affinis LC fern dryopteridaceae
bracken Pteridium aquilinum LC fern dennstaedtiaceae
fly Brachypalpus valgus Not listed in GB list fly syrphidae
cranefly Ctenophora pectinicornis Not listed in GB list fly tipulidae
columbine Aquilegia vulgaris LC herb ranunculaceae
pignut Conopodium majus LC herb apiaceae
narrow-lipped helleborine Epipactis leptochila VU herb orchidaceae
foetid hellebore Helleborus foetidus LC herb ranunculaceae
bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta LC herb liliaceae
dog's mercury Mercurialis perennis LC herb euphorbiaceae
birdsnest orchid Neottia nidus-avis VU herb orchidaceae
heath cudweed Omalotheca sylvatica VU herb asteraceae
wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella LC herb oxalidaceae
greater butterfly orchid Platanthera chlorantha NT herb orchidaceae
bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. Not listed in GB list herb rosaceae
sanicle Sanicula europaea LC herb apiaceae
hoverfly Criorhina ranunculi Not listed in GB list hoverfly syrphidae
mealy-rimmed shingle lichen Pannaria conoplea LC lichen no common name
a stinky sticta Sticta sylvatica LC lichen no common name
lichen Usnea articulata NT lichen parmeliaceae
rustwort Nowellia curvifolia Not listed in GB list liverwort jungermanniales
Prince of Wales feather moss Leptodon smithii Not listed in GB list moss hypnales
orange footman Eilema sororcula Not listed in GB list moth erebidae
brindled white-spot Parectropis similaria Not listed in GB list moth geometridae
butchers-broom Ruscus aculeatus LC shrub liliaceae

Plant communities

W10 — Atlantic oak wood, Lowland dry oak and birch wood, Lowland mixed oak and ash wood, Wood pasture

Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Tilia x europaea, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Viburnum opulus, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cytisus scoparius, Ulex europaeus, Ligustrum vulgare, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Carex sylvatica, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Dicranum scoparium, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Pellia epiphylla, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Jacobaea vulgaris, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Corydalis claviculata, Geranium robertianum, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia nemorum, Lysimachia nummularia, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W11 — Altantic hazel wood, Atlantic oak wood, Caledonian forest, Upland birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Oxalis acetosella woodland

Acer campestre, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cytisus scoparius, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium undulatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum longisetum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila spinulosa, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Campanula rotundifolia, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria holostea, Pyrola minor, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Geranium robertianum, Hypericum pulchrum, Ajuga reptans, Teucrium scorodonia, Convallaria majalis, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica officinalis, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W12 — Beech wood

Fagus sylvatica-Mercurialis perennis woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Aesculus hippocastanum, Fraxinus excelsior, Prunus avium, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Buxus sempervirens, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Viburnum opulus, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Crataegus monogyna, Daphne laureola, Carex flacca, Carex sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thamnobryum alopecurum, Tamus communis, Anthriscus sylvestris, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Mycelis muralis, Solidago virgaurea, Cynoglossum officinale, Alliaria petiolata, Campanula trachelium, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Hypericum hirsutum, Iris foetidissima, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium montanum, Cephalanthera damasonium, Neottia nidus-avis, Neottia ovata, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus bulbosus, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium odoratum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas

W14 — Beech wood, Wood pasture

Fagus sylvatica-Rubus fruticosus woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Ruscus aculeatus, Ligustrum vulgare, Carex remota, Carex sylvatica, Luzula pilosa, Mnium hornum, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Arum maculatum, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Stellaria media agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Hypericum pulchrum, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Epipactis helleborine, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Geum urbanum, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium odoratum, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas

W15 — Beech wood, Wood pasture

Fagus sylvatica-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Calluna vulgaris, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ruscus aculeatus, Carex pilulifera, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum formosum, Tetraphis pellucida, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Lepidozia reptans, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia squamules, Lonicera periclymenum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Rubus fruticosus agg., Melanpyrum pratense, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa nemoralis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata

W16 — Atlantic oak wood, Lowland dry oak and birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus spp.-Betula spp.-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Populus tremula, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Frangula alnus, Crataegus monogyna, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus pyriformis, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranodontium denudatum, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Plagiothecium succulentum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tetraphis pellucida, Barbilophozia attenuata, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Gymnocolea inflata, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia coniocraea, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia squamosa, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Corydalis claviculata, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata

W17 — Altantic hazel wood, Atlantic oak wood, Caledonian forest, Upland birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Dicranum majus woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Juniperus communis, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Crataegus monogyna, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Andreaea rupestris, Mnium hornum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranodontium denudatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Dicranum scottianum, Leucobryum glaucum, Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Eurhynchium striatum, Heterocladium heteropterum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium armoricum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sematophyllum demissum, Sematophyllum micans, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Tetraphis pellucida, Adelanthus decipiens, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia attenuata, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Bazzania trilobata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Fuscocephaloziopsis lunulifolia, Harpanthus scutatus, Jamesoniella autumnalis, Jungermannia gracillima, Lepidozia pearsonii, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Lophozia ventricosa, Marsupella emarginata, Microlejeunea ulicina, Mylia taylorii, Nowellia curvifolia, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila atlantica, Plagiochila killarniensis, Plagiochila porelloides, Plagiochila punctata, Plagiochila spinulosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Saccogyna viticulosa, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Scapania umbrosa, Tritomaria exsectiformis, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia squamules, Cladonia subcervicornis, Parmelia saxatilis, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Cornus suecica, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Goodyera repens, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa nemoralis, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris aemula, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Polypodium vulgare, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W25 — Bracken scrub

Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus underscrub

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Luzula multiflora, Mnium hornum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Arum maculatum, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Glechoma hederacea, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Potentilla erecta, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium mollugo sens.lat., Galium saxatile, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas