Porton Down

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 51.1309, -1.6674

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Also within

Hampshire CountyWiltshire County

Condition (Natural England)

Unfavourable Recovering (20) Favourable (5)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SU200346 — Unfavourable Recovering 65.51 2010-03-29
SU202342 — Unfavourable Recovering 11.36 2010-03-29
SU205352 — Favourable 35.11 2010-03-29
SU209355 — Unfavourable Recovering 34.83 2010-03-29
SU214351 — Favourable 83.83 2010-03-29
SU218360 — Favourable 24.46 2010-03-29
SU219356 — Favourable 31.04 2010-03-29
SU222348 — Unfavourable Recovering 25.25 2010-03-29
SU223366 — Unfavourable Recovering 95.57 2010-03-29
SU227356 — Unfavourable Recovering 84.94 2010-03-29
SU229371 — Unfavourable Recovering 90.51 2010-07-22
SU230378 — Unfavourable Recovering 136.32 2010-07-22
SU233361 — Unfavourable Recovering 24.62 2010-03-29
SU236369 — Favourable 56.25 2010-03-29
SU237387 — Unfavourable Recovering 81.25 2010-03-29
SU238357 — Unfavourable Recovering 71.44 2010-03-29
SU239369 — Unfavourable Recovering 35.63 2010-03-29
SU242385 — Unfavourable Recovering 85.04 2010-03-29
SU245361 — Unfavourable Recovering 75.91 2010-03-29
SU247371 — Unfavourable Recovering 75.67 2010-03-29
SU247392 — Unfavourable Recovering 63.38 2010-03-29
SU248366 — Unfavourable Recovering 63.39 2010-03-29
SU248380 — Unfavourable Recovering 97.98 2010-03-29
SU254383 — Unfavourable Recovering 76.59 2010-03-29
SU255371 — Unfavourable Recovering 33.1 2010-03-29

Habitats

Mixed scrub, Montane scrub, Wood pasture

Geology & landscape

Rock Type: Chalk, Limestone

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
buzzard Breeding
curlew Breeding
hobby Breeding

Description

Area, 1561.84 ha. Description This site is notified for its unimproved calcicolous grassland communities of the following types. Sheep's fescue Festuca ovina Avenula pratensis grassland, Cirsium acaule Asperula cynanchica typical sub community and the Pseudoscleropodium purum Prunella vulgaris and Holcus lanatus Trifolium repens sub communities. Upright brome Bromus erectus grassland typical subcommunity and the Festuca rubra - Schedonorus arundinaceus sub community. Downy oat Avenula pubescens grassland, Dactylis glomerata Briza media and the Potentilla reptans Tragopon pratensis sub communities. Sheep's fescue thyme grassland, Koeleria macrantha, Cladonia, Fragaria vesca Erigeron acris, Rumex acetosa Medicago lupulina and Ditrichum flexicaule Diploschistes muscorum subcommunities. The site is also notified for its outstanding assemblages of lower plants lichens, vascular plants and invertebrates. The site is also notified for its breeding population of stone-curlew and breeding bird community of grassland, woodland and scrub. General description Porton Down is an extensive area of grassland, scrub and woodland on the Wiltshire Hampshire border. It constitutes one of the largest uninterrupted tracts of semi natural chalk grassland in Britain, a habitat which has declined by more than 80 percent in the last 50 years, largely through agricultural intensification. It supports rare grassland and scrub communities, together with significant populations of uncommon plants, invertebrates and birds. Porton Down occupies a gently undulating plateau of Upper Chalk incorporating several shallow dry valleys and preserves many features of archaeological significance. Detailed documentary evidence of land use history indicates that the grasslands range from 40 to over 200 years old, presenting unparalleled opportunities for research into the relationship between wildlife and continuity of habitat. Four main types of grassland have been identified. Two of the communities are particularly rare in Britain. One, in which red fescue Festuca rubra and downy oat grass Avenula pubescens occur as pronounced tussocks with litter choked channels between, is virtually confined to Porton Down and one site on Salisbury Plain. It has developed on soils which have increased in fertility in the absence of pasturing and has a structure partly derived from the growth habitat of red fescue, combined with the mound building activities of yellow meadow ant Lasius flavus. The second uncommon community is otherwise only known from Breckland. This community, characterised by sheep's fescue Festuca ovina, mouse ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum and wild thyme Thymus praecox has lichens prominent in the sward. In particular Cladonia rangiformis, C. impexa and Peltigera furescens may cover 80 percent of the ground surface. Other grassland communities include a type characterised by sheep's fescue and meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis, which has a particularly rich and intimate mixture of grasses and broadleaved herbs and a type dominated by the coarse grass upright brome Bromus erectus, which has fewer herbs and is typical of undergrazed chalk downlands. The grasses vary in species diversity in conjunction with the current levels of rabbit grazing, depth and type of soil and management history. Younger areas which are less diverse and with few herbs are often dominated by false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius. In contrast meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis occurs predominantly in the older grassland, as do the herbs squinancywort Asperula cynanchica, dropwort Filipendula vulgaris, common rock rose Helianthemum nummularium and common milkwort Polygala vulgaris. Rarer species include early gentian Gentianella anglica, chalk milkwort Polygala calcarea, bastard toadflax Thesium humifusum and field fleawort Senecio integrifolius, all of which are confined to the southern chalk and dwarf sedge Carex humilis, a plant with a British population centered on Wiltshire. Porton Down also supports a colony of the Red Data Book plant, meadow clary Salvia pratensis, a species rare as a native in Britain, where it occurs as scattered colonies on chalk and limestone. Broadleaved, mixed and coniferous plantations form several large blocks, withbeech, sycamore and Scot's pine widely planted. Semi natural woodland of oak, ash and some yew occurs locally. Less common plants found in the woodland include yellow birds nest Hypopitys monotropa and bird's nest orchid Neottia nidus-avis both of which derive nourishment from decaying plant materials and white helleborine Cephalanthera damasonium, a species closely affiliated with beech woods on chalk and limestone. Scrub and scattered trees are a feature of much of the grassland. Juniper Juniperus communis scrub of several age classes is widespread and constitutes about 20 percent of the total southern English population. There is also an area of chalk heath in which heather Calluna vulgaris grows alongside juniper. Porton Down supports a diverse fungal flora. Rare species recorded from the chalk grassland include the brightly coloured Hygrophoris langei, whilst rare woodland fungi include the ivory wax cap H. enurneus and summer truffle Tuber aestivum the last of which is occasionally excavated by badgers. The size of Porton Down and its range of habitats provide suitable conditions for a wide range of fauna. The spider fauna is of particular interest, with approximately 30 percent of British species recorded. Rare species include Typhocrestus simoni which in Britain is otherwise recorded from only one site in Wales and which has, at Porton, probably the largest European population. Porton Down is also noted for its bee, wasp and ant hymenoptera fauna and a conspicuous feature of the site is the estimated three million ant hills. Several rare beetles coleoptera, flies dipter and bugs hemiptera have also been recorded. Porton Down supports an outstanding assemblage of butterflies, including a large population of the nationally rare silver spotted skipper Hesperia comma, a species which was once widespread on chalk and limestone in Britain, extending as far as Yorkshire, but which has suffered a severe decline during the past 40 years. Other uncommon butterflies include pearl bordered fritillary Boloria euphrosyne, Duke of Burgundy Hamearis lucina and Adonis blue Polyommatus bellargus all of which have declined in Britain this century. The moths recorded include six uncommon species, two of which, Argyresthia praecocella and Thera juniperata, are solely dependent on juniper. The juniper scrub is particularly rich in invertebrates generally, several of which are also confined to juniper. There is an outstanding breeding bird community, including hobby, buzzard and long eared owl. Porton Down is an important stronghold for breeding stone-curlew with approximately 10 percent of the British population nesting on the site. Stone curlews are afforded special protection through the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 as amended and their listing in the European Communities Council Directive of 1979 on the Conservation of Wild Birds. Of the larger mammals, roe deer and rabbit occur in high numbers. The fluctuating population of rabbits has been a major influence on the vegetation of Porton Down, most of which is ungrazed by domestic stock.

Species mentioned

English name
search for this in other sites		 Latin name
search with Google		 IUCN / Red List Type Family
yellow meadow ant Lasius flavus Not listed in GB list ant formicinae
buzzard Buteo buteo LC (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
hobby Falco subbuteo LC (Breeding) bird-hawk falconidae
stone-curlew Burhinus oedicnemus VU (Breeding) bird-stone-curlew burhinidae
pearl-bordered fritillary Boloria euphrosyne VU butterfly nymphalidae
Duke of Burgundy Hamearis lucina VU butterfly riodinidae
silver-spotted skipper Hesperia comma VU butterfly hesperiidae
Adonis blue Polyommatus bellargus VU butterfly lycaenidae
false oat grass Arrhenatherum elatius LC grass poaceae
meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
downy oat grass Avenula pubescens LC grass poaceae
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
upright brome Bromus erectus Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
cock's foot Dactylis glomerata LC grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus LC grass poaceae
crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha NT grass poaceae
tall fescue Schedonorus arundinaceus LC grass poaceae
squinancywort Asperula cynanchica VU herb rubiaceae
white helleborine Cephalanthera damasonium LC herb orchidaceae
dwarf thistle Cirsium acaule VU herb asteraceae
blue fleabane Erigeron acris LC herb asteraceae
dropwort Filipendula vulgaris LC herb rosaceae
wild strawberry Fragaria vesca LC herb rosaceae
early gentian Gentianella anglica Not listed in GB list herb gentianaceae
rock roses Helianthemum nummularium VU herb cistaceae
yellow birds nest Hypopitys monotropa DD herb monotropaceae
black medick Medicago lupulina LC herb fabaceae
birdsnest orchid Neottia nidus-avis VU herb orchidaceae
mouse_ear hawkweed Pilosella officinarum LC herb asteraceae
chalk milkwort Polygala calcarea VU herb polygalaceae
common milkwort Polygala vulgaris VU herb polygalaceae
creeping cinquefoil Potentilla reptans LC herb rosaceae
selfheal Prunella vulgaris LC herb lamiaceae
common sorrel Rumex acetosa LC herb polygonaceae
meadow clary Salvia pratensis NT herb lamiaceae
field fleawort Senecio integrifolius Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
bastard toadflax Thesium humifusum VU herb santalaceae
creeping thyme Thymus praecox Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
white clover Trifolium repens LC herb fabaceae
coral moss Cladonia rangiformis LC lichen no common name
moss lichen Diploschistes muscorum LC lichen no common name
bendy ditrichum Ditrichum flexicaule LC moss dicranales
neat feather moss Pseudoscleropodium purum LC moss hypnales
ochreous argent Argyresthia praecocella Not listed in GB list moth argyresthiidae
juniper carpet Thera juniperata Not listed in GB list moth geometridae
dwarf sedge Carex humilis LC sedge cyperaceae
juniper Juniperus communis CR shrub cupressaceae
bell heather or ling Calluna vulgaris NT shrub dwarf ericaceae

Plant communities

W10 — Atlantic oak wood, Lowland dry oak and birch wood, Lowland mixed oak and ash wood, Wood pasture

Quercus robur-Pteridium aquilinum-Rubus fruticosus woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Tilia cordata, Tilia x europaea, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Pinus nigra, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Malus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Sorbus aucuparia, Alnus glutinosa, Populus tremula, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Viburnum opulus, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cytisus scoparius, Ulex europaeus, Ligustrum vulgare, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Carex sylvatica, Juncus effusus, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium rostratum, Plagiomnium undulatum, Ceratodon purpureus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Dicranum scoparium, Amblystegium serpens, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum formosum, Lophocolea bidentata, Pellia epiphylla, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Aegopodium podagraria, Anthriscus sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Heracleum sphondylium, Sanicula europaea, Jacobaea vulgaris, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Corydalis claviculata, Geranium robertianum, Ajuga reptans, Glechoma hederacea, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Circaea lutetiana, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Rumex acetosa, Rumex sanguineus, Lysimachia nemorum, Lysimachia nummularia, Primula vulgaris, Anemone nemorosa, Ficaria verna, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Potentilla sterilis, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium odoratum, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W11 — Altantic hazel wood, Atlantic oak wood, Caledonian forest, Upland birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Oxalis acetosella woodland

Acer campestre, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Larix decidua, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Juniperus communis, Vaccinium myrtillus, Cytisus scoparius, Crataegus monogyna, Rubus saxatilis, Carex pilulifera, Luzula campestris, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Plagiomnium affine, Plagiomnium undulatum, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Cirriphyllum piliferum, Eurhynchium striatum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Polytrichum longisetum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila spinulosa, Angelica sylvestris, Conopodium majus, Campanula rotundifolia, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Cerastium fontanum, Stellaria holostea, Pyrola minor, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Lathyrus montanus, Geranium robertianum, Hypericum pulchrum, Ajuga reptans, Teucrium scorodonia, Convallaria majalis, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Veronica chamaedrys, Veronica officinalis, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Primula vulgaris, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Ranunculus repens, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W14 — Beech wood, Wood pasture

Fagus sylvatica-Rubus fruticosus woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Pinus sylvestris, Prunus avium, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Sambucus nigra, Ruscus aculeatus, Ligustrum vulgare, Carex remota, Carex sylvatica, Luzula pilosa, Mnium hornum, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens taxifolius, Brachythecium rutabulum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Arum maculatum, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Stellaria media agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Mercurialis perennis, Hypericum pulchrum, Lamiastrum galeobdolon, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Epipactis helleborine, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Geum urbanum, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium odoratum, Galium verum, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis ramosa, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Melica uniflora, Milium effusum, Poa nemoralis, Poa trivialis, Schedonorus giganteus, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas

W15 — Beech wood, Wood pasture

Fagus sylvatica-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aucuparia, Taxus baccata, Calluna vulgaris, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ruscus aculeatus, Carex pilulifera, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum cupressiforme, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum formosum, Tetraphis pellucida, Calypogeia fissa, Diplophyllum albicans, Gymnocolea inflata, Lepidozia reptans, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia squamules, Lonicera periclymenum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Rubus fruticosus agg., Melanpyrum pratense, Agrostis capillaris, Deschampsia flexuosa, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa nemoralis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata

W16 — Atlantic oak wood, Lowland dry oak and birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus spp.-Betula spp.-Deschampsia flexuosa woodland

Hedera helix, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Castanea sativa, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Pinus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Sorbus aucuparia, Populus tremula, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Ulex europaeus, Ulex gallii, Frangula alnus, Crataegus monogyna, Luzula sylvatica, Mnium hornum, Orthodontium lineare, Pohlia nutans, Campylopus flexuosus, Campylopus pyriformis, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranodontium denudatum, Dicranoweisia cirrata, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum scoparium, Leucobryum glaucum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium nemorale, Plagiothecium succulentum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Thuidium tamariscinum, Tetraphis pellucida, Barbilophozia attenuata, Barbilophozia floerkei, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia trichomanis, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Gymnocolea inflata, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Cladonia coccifera, Cladonia coniocraea, Cladonia fimbriata, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia squamosa, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Corydalis claviculata, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Chamerion angustifolium, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosella, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium saxatile, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris dilatata

W17 — Altantic hazel wood, Atlantic oak wood, Caledonian forest, Upland birch wood, Wood pasture

Quercus petraea-Betula pubescens-Dicranum majus woodland

Hedera helix, Salix caprea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus hybrid, Quercus petraea, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Sorbus aucuparia, Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Juniperus communis, Rhododendron ponticum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Crataegus monogyna, Carex pilulifera, Luzula multiflora, Luzula pilosa, Luzula sylvatica, Andreaea rupestris, Mnium hornum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Campylopus flexuosus, Dicranella heteromalla, Dicranodontium denudatum, Dicranum fuscescens, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Dicranum scottianum, Leucobryum glaucum, Ptychomitrium polyphyllum, Racomitrium fasciculare, Racomitrium heterostichum, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Eurhynchium striatum, Heterocladium heteropterum, Hylocomiastrum umbratum, Hylocomium armoricum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Hypnum jutlandicum, Isothecium myosuroides, Kindbergia praelonga, Loeskeobryum brevirostre, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Pseudoscleropodium purum, Pseudotaxiphyllum elegans, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sematophyllum demissum, Sematophyllum micans, Thuidium delicatulum, Thuidium tamariscinum, Polytrichum commune, Polytrichum formosum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fimbriatum, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum subnitens, Tetraphis pellucida, Adelanthus decipiens, Anastrepta orcadensis, Barbilophozia attenuata, Barbilophozia floerkei, Bazzania tricrenata, Bazzania trilobata, Blepharostoma trichophyllum, Calypogeia fissa, Calypogeia muelleriana, Cephalozia bicuspidata, Diplophyllum albicans, Frullania tamarisci, Fuscocephaloziopsis lunulifolia, Harpanthus scutatus, Jamesoniella autumnalis, Jungermannia gracillima, Lepidozia pearsonii, Lepidozia reptans, Lophocolea bidentata, Lophocolea heterophylla, Lophozia ventricosa, Marsupella emarginata, Microlejeunea ulicina, Mylia taylorii, Nowellia curvifolia, Plagiochila asplenioides, Plagiochila atlantica, Plagiochila killarniensis, Plagiochila porelloides, Plagiochila punctata, Plagiochila spinulosa, Ptilidium ciliare, Saccogyna viticulosa, Scapania gracilis, Scapania nemorea, Scapania umbrosa, Tritomaria exsectiformis, Tritomaria quinquedentata, Cladonia arbuscula, Cladonia chlorophaea, Cladonia digitata, Cladonia furcata, Cladonia impexa, Cladonia polydactyla, Cladonia squamosa, Cladonia squamules, Cladonia subcervicornis, Parmelia saxatilis, Sphaerophorus fragilis, Sphaerophorus globosus, Solidago virgaurea, Lonicera periclymenum, Succisa pratensis, Cornus suecica, Hypericum pulchrum, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Goodyera repens, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex acetosa, Lysimachia nemorum, Trientalis europaea, Anemone nemorosa, Potentilla erecta, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium saxatile, Melanpyrum pratense, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Agrostis stolonifera, Agrostis vinealis, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Molinia caerulea, Poa nemoralis, Poa pratensis, Blechnum spicant, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris aemula, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris dilatata, Dryopteris filix-mas, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Hymenophyllum wilsonii, Polypodium vulgare, Thelypteris limbosperma, Athyrium filix-femina

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas