Noar Hill

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 51.0798, -0.9393

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (5)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SU738311 Favourable 6.91 2009-09-23
SU741315 Favourable 1.55 2009-09-23
SU742313 Favourable 7.62 2009-09-23
SU742319 Favourable 19.49 2014-12-16
SU747314 Favourable 27.47 2009-09-23

Geology & landscape

Rock Type: Chalk

Description

Area, 70.15 hectares 173.34 ac Description Situated on the Wealden edge chalk escarpment, Noar Hill exhibits a range of chalk vegetation seral stages from open short sward chalk grassland overlying ancient quarries, through invasive mixed scrub of hawthorn Crataegus monogyna, blackthorn Prunus spinosa, juniper Juniperus communis and sweet briar and southern downy roses Rosa micrantha and Rosa tomentosa to mature beech Fagus 'hanger' woodland. In addition, hazel Corylus coppice is found on the top of the steep scarp slopes. The old chalk quarries have been colonised by a diverse flora typical of thin chalk soils including locally distributed species such as early gentian Gentianella anglica, hairy rock cress Arabis hirsuta, adder's tongue Ophioglossum vulgatum and yellow wort Blackstonia perfoliata. Eleven species of orchid are present including pyramidal Anacamptis pyramidalis, frog Dactylorhiza viridis, bee Ophrys apifera, fly Ophrys insectifera, musk Herminium monorchis, autumn lady's tresses Spiranthes spiralis and common spotted Dactylorhiza fuchsii. Lack of grazing over the past 50 years has, however, led to the spread of coarse grasses and developing scrub at the expense of much of the short sward flower rich downland turf. The beech hanger is a fine example of a mature Fagus wood which has been permitted to develop with minimal interference. Beech bark disease is breaking up the canopy and a scrub phase is commencing, in which there is widespread ash Fraxinus regeneration. The site is of national importance for both butterflies and grasshoppers Orthoptera and also supports a variety of other long grass and scrub edge invertebrate species. Forty species of butterfly have been recorded since 1975. There are important colonies of the nationally declining Duke of Burgundy Hamearis lucina and brown hairstreak Theca betulae in each case probably the strongest remaining colonies in Hampshire, small blue Cupido minimus, green hairstreak Callophrys rubi, marbled white Melanargia galatheaa and dingy skipper Erynnis tages. Eleven species of Orthoptera is also exceptionally high, including the rare rufous grasshopper Gomphocerippus rufus and Stenobothrus lineatus.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
green hairstreak Callophrys rubi LC butterfly lycaenidae
small blue Cupido minimus NT butterfly lycaenidae
dingy skipper Erynnis tages LC butterfly hesperiidae
Duke of Burgundy Hamearis lucina VU butterfly riodinidae
adders-tongue fern Ophioglossum vulgatum LC fern ophioglossaceae
rufous grasshopper Gomphocerippus rufus LC grasshoppers acrididae
stripe-winged grasshopper Stenobothrus lineatus LC grasshoppers acrididae
pyramidal orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis LC herb orchidaceae
hairy rockcress Arabis hirsuta VU herb brassicaceae
yellowwort Blackstonia perfoliata LC herb gentianaceae
spotted orchids Dactylorhiza fuchsii LC herb orchidaceae
frog orchid Dactylorhiza viridis VU herb orchidaceae
early gentian Gentianella anglica Not listed in GB list herb gentianaceae
musk orchid Herminium monorchis EN herb orchidaceae
bee orchid Ophrys apifera LC herb orchidaceae
fly orchid Ophrys insectifera VU herb orchidaceae
small flower sweet briar Rosa micrantha LC herb rosaceae
autumn lady's tresses Spiranthes spiralis LC herb orchidaceae
hawthorn Crataegus monogyna LC shrub rosaceae
juniper Juniperus communis CR shrub cupressaceae
blackthorn Prunus spinosa LC shrub rosaceae
downy rose Rosa tomentosa LC shrub rosaceae

Plant communities

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas