Botley Down

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 51.3368, -1.5814

Condition (Natural England)

Unfavourable Recovering (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
SU292598 Unfavourable Recovering 12.54 2021-06-29

Geology & landscape

Rock Type: Chalk

Description

Area, 12.71 ha Description Botley Down is an area of chalk downland supporting a rich flora and a variety of associated butterflies. It is located to the east of the Vale of Pewsey at the intersection of the chalk of Salisbury Plain, the Hampshire Downs and Marlborough Downs. Botley Down occupies a predominantly west to south west facing scarp of Lower and Middle Chalk. Unimproved grassland occurs on moderate to gentle slopes and on the banks and ditches of several linear earthworks. In recent years the site has been lightly grazed but is still virtually scrub free. The sward is of the sheep's fescue meadow oat grass Festuca ovina Avenula pratensis type with upright brome Bromus erectus present in small amounts. A total of 16 species of grass have been recently recorded. Herbs make up a high proportion of the turf, with cowslip Primula veris, dwarf thistle Cirsium acaule, small scabious Scabiosa columbaria, lady's bedstraw Galium verum and salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba notably abundant. There are areas of short turf on the mid slope where chalk milkwort Polygala calcarea and horseshoe vetch Hippocrepis comosa occur in quantity, with less frequent occurrence of squinancywort Asperula cynanchica clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata autumn gentian Gentianella amarella and carline thistle Carlina vulgaris. Orchids are widespread, such as lesser butterfly orchid Platanthera bifolia, early purple orchid Orchis mascula and large numbers of fragrant and pyramidal orchids Gymnadenia conopsea and Anacamptis pyramidalis. Also of note is the occurrence of the nationally restricted field fleawort Senecio integrifolius and a small colony of knapweed broomrape Orobanche elatior the latter being parasitic upon the roots of great knapweed Centaurea scabiosa. Typical chalk grassland grades into a more neutral vegetation type at the top of the slope, characterised by the presence of field wood rush Luzula campestris, sorrel Rumex acetosa and meadow saxifrage Saxifraga granulataa. Associated invertebrates include many butterflies. Amongst 24 species recently recorded are dingy skipper Erynnis tages, brown argus Aricia agestis, marbled white Melanargia galatheaa, chalkhill blue Polyommatus coridon and small blue Cupido minimus. The narrow bordered bee hawk moth Hemaris tityus has been seen on the site and both five and six spot burnet moths Zygaena trifolii and Zygaena filipendulae are also present.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
brown argus Aricia agestis LC butterfly lycaenidae
small blue Cupido minimus NT butterfly lycaenidae
dingy skipper Erynnis tages LC butterfly hesperiidae
chalkhill blue Polyommatus coridon VU butterfly lycaenidae
meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
upright brome Bromus erectus Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
sheep's fescue Festuca ovina LC grass poaceae
pyramidal orchid Anacamptis pyramidalis LC herb orchidaceae
squinancywort Asperula cynanchica VU herb rubiaceae
clustered bellflower Campanula glomerata VU herb campanulaceae
carline thistle Carlina vulgaris LC herb asteraceae
greater knapweed Centaurea scabiosa LC herb asteraceae
dwarf thistle Cirsium acaule VU herb asteraceae
lady's bedstraw Galium verum LC herb rubiaceae
autumn gentian Gentianella amarella LC herb gentianaceae
fragrant orchid Gymnadenia conopsea NT herb orchidaceae
horseshoe vetch Hippocrepis comosa VU herb fabaceae
early purple orchid Orchis mascula LC herb orchidaceae
tall broomrape Orobanche elatior LC herb orobanchaceae
lesser butterfly orchid Platanthera bifolia VU herb orchidaceae
chalk milkwort Polygala calcarea VU herb polygalaceae
salad burnet Poterium sanguisorba VU herb rosaceae
cowslip Primula veris LC herb primulaceae
common sorrel Rumex acetosa LC herb polygonaceae
small scabious Scabiosa columbaria LC herb caprifoliaceae
field fleawort Senecio integrifolius Not listed in GB list herb asteraceae
narrow-bordered bee hawk-moth Hemaris tityus Not listed in GB list moth sphingidae
six-spot burnet Zygaena filipendulae Not listed in GB list moth zygaenidae
five-spot burnet Zygaena trifolii Not listed in GB list moth zygaenidae
field wood rush Luzula campestris LC rush juncaceae

Plant communities

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas