Norsey Wood

Also within

Essex County

Condition (Natural England)

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Habitats

Ancient woodland, Bracken scrub, Coppiced woodland

Geology & landscape

Landscape processes: Peatland / Mire

Description

Description Norsey Wood is a large mixed chestnut coppice derived from acid oak woodland, situated on the east side of Billericay. It is ancient woodland, lying on a plateau, dissected in the south by a system of unusually steep sided valleys. Soils are acidic being derived from Bagshot Sands and Gravels over London Clay. The interface between the gravels and clay has produced a series of springs and flushes. Due to its size, past history, which is well documented, varied soils and topography, it has a good variety of habitats, a rich flora and fauna and is one of the best woods of its type in Essex. Sweet chestnut Castanea sativa coppice is dominant on the plateau, hornbeam Carpinus betulus coppice on the east and south margins, birch Betula pendula and Betula pubescens woodland in the north and alder Alnus glutinosa with occasional ash Fraxinus excelsior and willow Salix spp. in the valleys. aspen Populus tremula, rowan Sorbus aucuparia, common and sessile oak Quercus robur and Q. petraea are mixed with the main types. Chestnut and both oak species form a thin scatter of standards throughout. The coppice structure is well preserved with some stools of considerable size. bluebell Hyacinthoides non-scripta, bracken Pteridium aquilinum and bramble Rubus fruticosus agg. are the dominant ground flora with wood sage Teucrium scorodonia, heath bedstraw Galium saxatile, foxglove Digitalis purpurea, slender and trailing St John’s wort Hypericum pulchrum and H. humifusum, heath wood rush Luzula multiflora and the very local greater wood rush L. sylvatica on the more acid sands and gravels. Other important woodland species include wood anemone Anemone nemorosa, wood sorrel Oxalis acetosella, yellow archangel Lamiastrum galeobdolon, wood spurge Euphorbia amygdaloides, butcher’s broom Ruscus aculeatus, lily of the valley Convallaria majalis and herb paris Paris quadrifolia at its only locality in south Essex. Narrow and broad buckler ferns Dryopteris carthusiana and Dryopteris dilatata are found on the valley slopes. Additional interest is formed by the spring lines which give rise to colonies of opposite leaved golden saxifrage Chrysosplenium oppositifolium, stands of pendulous sedge Carex pendula and small acidic flushes with sphagnum mosses Sphagnum palustre and Sphagnum cuspidatum the latter very rare in Essex. Several colonies of hard fern Blechnum spicant probably represent one of the largest populations in the county. water violet Hottonia palustris, an uncommon and decreasing plant in Essex, forms a large colony in one of the four woodland ponds. A major grass ride supports a varied flora including ragged-robin Silene flos-cuculi, greater bird's foot trefoil Lotus pedunculatus and common spotted orchid Dactylorhiza fuchsii and is a favourite hunting area for some of the nine species of dragonfly found in the wood.

Species mentioned

Plant communities