Greenfoot Quarry

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.7477, -2.0291

Also within

Durham County

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
NY982391 Favourable 0.92 2024-08-15

Geology & landscape

Geological Feature: Igneous Intrusion · Mining / Industrial: Quarry · Rock Type: Limestone

Landscape processes: Volcanic / Igneous

Description

Area, 0.9 hectares 2.2 ac Description Greenfoot Quarry provides the most important exposure of the distinctive Little whin Sill. The abandoned quarry exposes up to 12 metres of dolerite intruded as hot molten rock between successive strata of the Three Yard Limestone, which solidified as a flat sheet after bringing about slight metamorphism of the adjacent rock. A unique section of the sill displaying columnar joints with limestone above and below, is exposed in the western end of the quarry face and the upper part of the south facing quarry wall displays a long section of the upper contact of the sill and limestone. The Little whin Sill differs in its chemical composition from the great whin Sill; it is less magmatically evolved and is considered to represent the nearest approach to the unchanged parental magma of the whin Sills and their associated dykes. It is mineralogically unusual amongst the whin group of rocks in that it contains olivine Mg Fe Si O and under saturated silicate of magnesium and iron. Exposures of the sill occur in the River Wear close to and downstream of Greenfoot Quarry, but the site has been selected as the most complete exposure of this unusual member of the whin suite of intrusions.

Plant communities

A9 — Fast flowing river and stream, Marginal and inundation, Pond ditch and canal, Sluggish river and stream

Potamogeton natans community

Schoenoplectus lacustris, Juncus bulbosus, Sparganium angustifolium, Sparganium erectum, Sparganium minimum, Alisma plantago-aquatica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Lemna trisulca, Nymphaea alba, Callitriche platycarpa, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus trichophyllus, Glyceria fluitans, Chara subspinosa

A14 — Fast flowing river and stream

Myriophyllum alterniflorum community

Isolepis fluitans, Juncus bulbosus, Fontinalis antipyretica, Lobelia dortmanna, Equisetum fluviatile, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Littorella uniflora, Potamogeton filiformis, Potamogeton gramineus, Potamogeton natans, Ranunculus peltatus, Chara spp., Nitella hyalina

A17 — Chalk river and stream, Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans community

Berula erecta, Nasturtium officinale, Elodea canadensis, Lemna minor, Callitriche stagnalis, Veronica beccabunga, Polygonum amphibium, Polygonum hydropiper, Potamogeton crispus, Potamogeton pectinatus, Ranunculus penicillatus ssp. pseudofluitans

A18 — Fast flowing river and stream

Ranunculus fluitans community

Fontinalis antipyretica, Fontinalis squamosa var. curnowii, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Elodea canadensis, Mentha aquatica, Lemna gibba, Lemna minor, Potamogeton perfoliatus, Ranunculus fluitans, Glyceria fluitans, Phalaris arundinacea