Herrington Hill

Site of Special Scientific Interest · 54.8689, -1.4592

Also within

Tyne & Wear County

Condition (Natural England)

Favourable (1)
UnitFeatureConditionArea (ha)Assessed
NZ348528 Favourable 6.69 2013-03-27

Climate exposure

This is about exposure to a nationwide pressure this habitat type carries — not a verdict on this site's own management.

Coastal

Coastal habitats are exposed to sea-level rise and storm erosion. Where hard sea defences sit behind them, there's nowhere landward to retreat to — a squeeze that keeps compressing the habitat no matter how well it's managed.

Geology & landscape

Mining / Industrial: Quarry · Rock Type: Limestone

Landscape processes: Coastal

Birds & fish recorded

Birds

SpeciesSeason
whitethroat Breeding

Description

Area, 6.9 hectares 17.05 ac Description The grazed slopes of Herrington Hill are of interest for their Magnesian Limestone grassland communities, which are associated with undisturbed shallow soils. The main area of grassland on the steep northerly flanks of the hill supports a herb rich community dominated by blue moor grass Sesleria caerulea and meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis in which quaking grass Briza media, crested hair grass Koeleria macrantha, red fescue Festuca rubra, glaucous sedge Carex flaccand spring sedge Carex caryophyllea also occur. The many species of herb present include carline thistle Carlina vulgaris, common rock rose Helianthemum nummularium, bird’s foot trefoil Lotus corniculatus, rest-harrow Ononis repens, cowslip Primula veris, fairy flax Linum catharticum, wild thyme Thymus praecox and felwort Gentianella amarella. Elsewhere, the recolonised slopes of spoil heaps in a disused quarry and areas of limestone rubble, the latter marking the site of an old reservoir on the hill top, support a similar plant community but one from which blue moor grass is absent. Additional species noted here include harebell Campanula rotundifolia, knapweed Centaurea nigra, slender St John’s wort Hypericum pulchrum, black medick Medicago lupulina, burnet saxifrage Pimpinella saxifraga, hoary plantain Plantago media and sea plantain Pinus pinaster. This last species is also found in coastal and montane grasslands, but is here favoured by the base rich substrate and lack of competition. Scattered hawthorns occur towards the foot of the hill on its eastern side and here there is a small colony of common twayblade Neottia ovata. Dense gorse/hawthorn scrub has invaded the western slope and provides nesting cover for linnet, yellowhammer and common whitethroat. Meadow brown and common blue butterflies are abundant during the summer months.

Species mentioned

English name
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Latin name
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IUCN / Red List Type Family
linnet Linaria cannabina EN (Breeding) bird fringillidae
yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella LC (Breeding) bird-bunting emberizidae
whitethroat Sylvia communis Not listed in GB list bird-warbler sylviidae
meadow oat grass Avenula pratensis Not listed in GB list grass poaceae
quaking grass Briza media VU grass poaceae
red fescue Festuca rubra LC grass poaceae
crested hair-grass Koeleria macrantha NT grass poaceae
blue moor grass Sesleria caerulea LC grass poaceae
harebell Campanula rotundifolia LC herb campanulaceae
carline thistle Carlina vulgaris LC herb asteraceae
black knapweed Centaurea nigra LC herb asteraceae
autumn gentian Gentianella amarella LC herb gentianaceae
rock roses Helianthemum nummularium VU herb cistaceae
slender St John's-wort Hypericum pulchrum LC herb hypericaceae
fairy flax Linum catharticum LC herb linaceae
birdsfoot trefoil Lotus corniculatus LC herb fabaceae
black medick Medicago lupulina LC herb fabaceae
common twayblade Neottia ovata NT herb orchidaceae
common rest-harrow Ononis repens VU herb fabaceae
burnet saxifrage Pimpinella saxifraga NT herb apiaceae
hoary plantain Plantago media LC herb plantaginaceae
cowslip Primula veris LC herb primulaceae
creeping thyme Thymus praecox Not listed in GB list herb lamiaceae
spring-sedge Carex caryophyllea NT sedge cyperaceae
maritime pine Pinus pinaster Not listed in GB list tree pinaceae

Plant communities

W20 — Montane scrub

Salix lapponum-Luzula sylvatica scrub

Salix arbuscula, Salix cinerea, Salix lapponum, Salix myrsinites, Salix phylicifolia, Salix reticulata, Empetrum nigrum, Calluna vulgaris, Salix lanata, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum, Carex atrata, Carex bigelowii, Carex binervis, Carex flacca, Luzula multiflora, Luzula sylvatica, Huperzia selago, Selaginella selaginoides, Aulacomnium palustre, Mnium hornum, Philonotis fontana, Plagiomnium undulatum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Dicranum bonjeanii, Dicranum majus, Dicranum scoparium, Fissidens adianthoides, Racomitrium lanuginosum, Calliergonell cuspidatum, Ctenidium molluscum, Hylocomium splendens, Hypnum callichroum, Hypnum cupressiforme, Palustriella commutatum, Plagiothecium denticulatum, Plagiothecium undulatum, Pleurozium schreberi, Ptilium crista-castrensis, Rhytidiadelphus loreus, Rhytidiadelphus squarrosus, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Sanionia uncinata, Scorpidium revolvens, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Polytrichastrum alpinum, Sphagnum capillifolium, Sphagnum fallax, Sphagnum girgensohnii, Sphagnum palustre, Sphagnum russowii, Sphagnum squarrosum, Sphagnum subnitens, Sphagnum teres, Barbilophozia barbata, Chiloscyphus polyanthos, Diplophyllum albicans, Lophocolea bidentata, Plagiochila porelloides, Ptilidium ciliare, Scapania undulata, Cladonia squamosa, Peltigera canina, Angelica sylvestris, Caltha palustris, Hieraclium spp., Saussurea alpina, Solidago virgaurea, Campanula rotundifolia, Succisa pratensis, Valeriana officinalis, Rhodiola rosea, Vaccinium vitis-idaea, Thymus praecox, Epilobium anagallidifolium, Dactylorhiza viridis, Euphrasia officinalis, Rhinanthus minor, Oxalis acetosella, Oxyria digyna, Polygonum viviparum, Rumex acetosa, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus acris, Thalictrum alpinum, Alchemilla alpina, Alchemilla glabra, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum rivale, Galium boreale, Galium saxatile, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga hypnoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxifraga stellaris, Viola riviniana, Agrostis canina, Agrostis capillaris, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Deschampsia cespitosa, Deschampsia flexuosa, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, Nardus stricta, Dryopteris dilatata, Phegopteris connectilis

W21 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Crataegus monogyna-Hedera helix scrub

Hedera helix, Salix cinerea, Acer pseudoplatanus, Ilex aquifolium, Betula pendula, Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus robur, Fraxinus excelsior, Malus sylvestris, Sorbus aria, Taxus baccata, Ulmus glabra, Ulmus procera, Sambucus nigra, Viburnum lantana, Euonymus europaeus, Cornus sanguinea, Juniperus communis, Ligustrum vulgare, Clematis vitalba, Rhamnus cathartica, Crataegus laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa, Juncus effusus, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Kindbergia praelonga, Rhynchostegium confertum, Tamus communis, Heracleum sphondylium, Torilis japonica, Arum maculatum, Arctium minus, Cirsium arvense, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Stellaria graminea, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media agg., Calystegia sepium, Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Iris foetidissima, Glechoma hederacea, Lamium purpureum, Origanum vulgare, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Allium ursinum, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Circaea lutetiana, Rumex sanguineus, Anemone nemorosa, Ranunculus repens, Fragaria vesca, Geum urbanum, Potentilla sterilis, Poterium sanguisorba, Rosa arvensis, Rosa canina, Rubia peregrina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Anisantha sterilis, Arrhenatherum elatius, Brachypodium pinnatum, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Bromopsis erecta, Dactylis glomerata, Elytrigia repens, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris filix-mas

W22 — Hedgerow scrub, Mixed scrub

Prunus spinosa-Rubus fruticosus scrub

Hedera helix, Acer campestre, Corylus avellana, Ulex europaeus, Prunus spinosa, Plagiomnium undulatum, Brachythecium rutabulum, Eurhynchium striatum, Kindbergia praelonga, Thuidium tamariscinum, Atrichum undulatum, Lophocolea bidentata, Achillea millefolium, Cardamine flexuosa, Lonicera periclymenum, Moehringia trinervia, Silene dioica, Silene uniflora, Stellaria media agg., Mercurialis perennis, Geranium robertianum, Stachys sylvatica, Teucrium scorodonia, Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Oxalis acetosella, Digitalis purpurea, Plantago lanceolata, Veronica chamaedrys, Armeria maritima, Rumex acetosa, Filipendula ulmaria, Geum urbanum, Rosa canina, Rubus fruticosus agg., Rubus idaeus, Galium aparine, Urtica dioica, Viola riviniana, Agrostis capillaris, Brachypodium sylvaticum, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca rubra, Holcus lanatus, Holcus mollis, Poa trivialis, Asplenium scolopendrium, Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris borreri, Dryopteris filix-mas